ࡱ> {y bjbj :{{x ` ` 8lV $b Y  Hc=2=2=2 F =2 =2=2{)6H~JЉy0~18܃ & =24 @ Y   1            ` : Acids, Bases, and Properties - HW PSI AP Chemistry Name____________________________ Earlier definitions, conjugate acid/base, strong and weak acids and bases, Ka and Kb relation to the strength of the acid or base, pH, pOH, [OH-], [H+] , percent ionization of weak acid /base 1) According to the Arrhenius concept, an acid is a substance that __________. A) is capable of donating one or more  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  B) causes an increase in the concentration of  EMBED Equation.DSMT4  in aqueous solutions C) can accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond D) reacts with the solvent to form the cation formed by autoionization of that solvent E) tastes bitter 2) A Br EMBED Equation.DSMT4 nsted-Lowry base is defined as a substance that __________. A) increases [H+] when placed in H2O B) decreases [H+] when placed in H2O C) increases [OH-] when placed in H2O D) acts as a proton acceptor E) acts as a proton donor 3) A Br EMBED Equation.DSMT4 nsted-Lowry acid is defined as a substance that __________. A) increases Ka when placed in H2O B) decreases [H+] when placed in H2O C) increases [OH-] when placed in H2O D) acts as a proton acceptor E) acts as a proton donor 4) A substance that is capable of acting as both an acid and as a base is __________. A) autosomal B) conjugated C) amphoteric D) saturated E) miscible 5) The molar concentration of hydronium ion in pure water at 25 C is __________. A) 0.00 B) 1.0 x 10-7 C) 1.0 x 10-14 D) 1.00 E) 7.00 6) The molar concentration of hydroxide ion in pure water at 25 C is __________. A) 1.00 B) 0.00 C) 1.0 x 10-14 D) 1.0 x 10-7 E) 7.00 7) The magnitude of Kw indicates that __________. A) water autoionizes very slowly B) water autoionizes very quickly C) water autoionizes only to a very small extent D) the autoionization of water is exothermic 8) In basic solution, __________. A) [H3O+] = [OH-] B) [H3O+] > [OH-] C) [H3O+] < [OH-] D) [H3O+] = 0 M E) [OH-] > 7.00 9) Which solution below has the highest concentration of hydroxide ions? A) pH = 3.21 B) pH = 12.6 C) pH = 7.93 D) pH = 9.82 E) pH = 7.00 10) Which one of the following statements regarding Kw is false? A) pKw is 14.00 at 25 C B) The value of Kw is 1.0 x 10-14 C) Kw changes with temperature. D) The value of Kw shows that water is a weak acid. E) Kw is known as the ion product of water. 11) The hydride ion, H-, is a stronger base than the hydroxide ion, OH-. The product(s) of the reaction of hydride ion with water is/ are __________. A) H3O+ (aq) B) OH- (aq) + H2(aq) C) OH- (aq) + 2H+(aq) D) no reaction occurs E) H2O2 (aq) 12) An aqueous solution contains 0.10 M NaOH. The solution is __________. A) very dilute B) highly colored C) basic D) neutral E) acidic 13) Nitric acid is a strong acid. This means that __________. A) aqueous solutions of HNO3 contain equal concentrations of H+ (aq) and OH- (aq) B) HNO3 does not dissociate at all when it is dissolved in water C) HNO3 dissociates completely to H+ (aq and NO3- (aq) when it dissolves in water D) HNO3 produces a gaseous product when it is neutralized E) HNO3 cannot be neutralized by a weak base 14) Of the following acids, __________ is not a strong acid. A) HNO2 B) H2SO4 C) HNO3 D) HClO4 E) HCl 15) Of the following, __________ is a weak acid. A) HF B) HCl C) HBr D) HNO3 E) HClO4 16) Which one of the following is the weakest acid? A) HF (Ka = 6.8 x 10-4) B) HClO (Ka = 3.0 x 10-8) C) HNO2 (Ka = 4.5x 10-4) D) HCN (Ka = 4.9 x 10-10) E) Acetic acid (Ka = 1.8 x 10-5) 17) Of the acids in the table below, __________ is the strongest acid.  A) HOAc B) HCHO2 C) HClO D) HF E) HOAc and HCHO2 18) The Ka of hypochlorous acid (HClO) is 3.0 x 10-8 at 25.0 R C. What is the % ionization of hypochlorous acid in a 0.015 M aqueous solution of HClO at 25.0 R C? (may use calculator) A) 4.5 x 10-8 B) 14 C) 2.1 x 10-5 D) 0.14 E) 1.4 x 10-3 19) In which of the following aqueous solutions does the weak acid exhibit the highest percentage ionization? A) 0.01 M HC2H3O2 (Ka = 1.8 X 10-5) B) 0.01 M HNO2 (Ka = 4.5 X 10-4) C) 0.01 M HF (Ka = 6.8 X 10-4) D) 0.01 M HClO (Ka = 3.0 X 10-8) E) These will all exhibit the same percentage ionization. 20) Which one of the following is a Br EMBED Equation.DSMT4 nsted-Lowry acid? A)(CH3)3NH+ B) CH3COOH C) HF D) HNO2 E) all of the above 21) Classify the following compounds as weak acids (W) or strong acids (S): benzoic acid nitric acid acetic acid A) Weak Weak Weak B) Strong Strong Strong C) Strong Weak Weak D) Weak Strong Strong E) Weak Strong Weak 22) Classify the following compounds as weak acids (W) or strong acids (S): hydrocyanic acid hydrofluroic acid phenol A) Weak Weak Weak B) Strong Strong Strong C) Strong Weak Weak D) Weak Strong Strong E) Weak Strong Weak 23) Classify the following compounds as weak acids (W) or strong acids (S): nitrous acid hydrochloric acid hydrofluoric acid A) Weak Weak Weak B) Strong Strong Strong C) Strong Weak Weak D) Weak Strong Strong E) Weak Strong Weak 24) Classify the following compounds as weak acids (W) or strong acids (S): hypochlorous acid perchloric acid chloric acid A) Weak Strong Strong B) Strong Strong Strong C) Strong Weak Weak D) Weak Weak Weak E) Weak Strong Weak 25) Ammonia is a __________. A) weak acid B) strong base C) weak base D) strong acid E) salt 26) Using the data in the table, which of the conjugate acids below is the weakest acid?  A) HClO B) HCO3- C) H2S D) NH3CH3+ E) H2S and HClO 27) Using the data in the table, which of the conjugate acids below is the strongest acid?  A) NH4+ B) C5H5NH+ C) H3NOH+ D) NH3CH3+ E) NH4+ and NH3CH3+ 28) Using the data in the table, which of the conjugate acids below is the weakest acid?  A) NH4+ B) C5H5NH+ C) H3NOH+ D) NH3CH3+ E) NH4+ and NH3CH3+ 29) Which of the following ions will act as a weak base in water? A) OH- B) Cl- C) NO3- D) ClO- E) None of the above will act as a weak base in water. 30) Which of the following ions will act as a weak base in water? A) HS- B) F- C) NO2- D) ClO- E) All of the above will act as a weak base in water. 31) Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest [OH-]? A) a solution with a pH of 3.0 B) a 1 X 10-4 solution of HNO3 C) a solution with a pOH of 12.0 D) pure water E) a 1 X 10-3 solution of NH4Cl 32) Which of the following aqueous solutions has the lowest [OH-]? A) a solution with a pH of 3.0 B) a 1 X 10-4 solution of HNO3 C) a solution with a pOH of 12.0 D) pure water E) a 1 X 10-3 solution of NH4Cl 33) An aqueous solution of a particular compound has pH = 2.46. The compound is __________. A) a weak base B) a weak acid C) a strong acid D) a strong base E) a salt 34) Complete the following table for each aqueous solution at 250C [H3O+][OH-]pHpOHAcidic or basic2.0 x10-56.255.6x 10-29.208.7x 10-10 35) What is the [H+] when [OH-] = 8.1 x 10-5? A) 8.1 x 10-5 M B) 1.0 x 10-7 M C) 1.2 x 10-10 M D)3.6 x 10-6 M E) 8.1 x 10-5 M 36) What is the [H+] when [OH-] = 3.3 x 10-9? A) 3.0 x 10-6 M B) 1.0 x 10-7 M C) 3.3 x 10-5 M D)6.6 x 10-5 M E) 3.3 x 10-9 M 37) What is the [H+] in a 0.0025 M HCl solution? A) 1.0 x 10-7 M B) 4.0 x 10-12 M C) 2.5 x 10-3 M D) 3.6 x 10-5 M E) need more info 38) What is the [OH-] in a 0.0050 M HCl solution? A) 5.0 x 10-3 M B) 1.0 M C) 1.0 x 10-7 M D) 6.6 x 10-5 E) 2.0 x 10-12 M 39) A solution in which [H+] = 10-8 has a pH of ___ and is _______. A) 8, acidic B) 6, basic C) -6, basic D) -8, neutral E) 8, basic 40) What is the pH of a 0.00030 M HNO3 solution? A) 8.11 B) 2.22 C) 3.52 D) 4.48 E) none of these 41) What is the pH of a 0.0060 M KOH solution? A) 5.12 B) 2.22 C) 11.72 D) 8.88 E) 7.00 42) A sample of lemon juice is found to have a pH of 2.55. What is the [H+] concentration of the juice? A) 0.0035 M B) 0.0028 M C) 11.6 M D) 0.0080 M E) 355 M 43) A sample of milk is found to have a pH of 6.60. What is the OH- concentration of the milk? A) 2.5 x 10-21 M B) 1.0 x 10-7 M C) 5.0 x 10-7 M D) 4.0 x 10-8 M E) 2.5 x 10-7 M May use the calculator for the following problems: 44) What is the conjugate acid of NH3? A) NH3 B) NH2+ C) NH3+ D) NH4+ E) NH4OH 45) The conjugate base of HSO4- is __________. A) OH- B) H2SO4 C) SO42- D) HSO4+ E) H3SO4+ 46) The conjugate acid of HSO4- is __________. A) SO42- B) H2SO4 C) HSO4+ D) H+ E) HSO3+ 47) What is the conjugate base of OH-? A) O2 B) O- C) H2O D) O2- E) H3O+ 48) What is the pH of an aqueous solution at 25.0 C in which [H+] is 0.0025 M? 3.40 B) 2.60 C) -2.60 D) -3.40 E) 2.25 49) What is the pH of an aqueous solution at 25.0 C in which [OH-] is 0.0025 M? A) +2.60 B) -2.60 C) +11.4 D) -11.4 E) -2.25 50) What is the pH of an aqueous solution at 25.0 C that contains 3.98 X 10-9 hydronium ion? A) 8.400 B) 5.600 C) 9.000 D) 3.980 E) 7.000 51) What is the pH of an aqueous solution at 25.0 C that contains 3.98 X 10-9 hydroxide ion? A) 8.40 B) 5.60 C) 9.00 D) 3.98 E) 7.00 52) What is the concentration (in M) of hydronium ions in a solution at 25.0 C with pH = 4.282? A) 4.28 B) 9.71 C) 1.92 X 10-10 D) 5.22 X 10-5 E) 1.66 X 104 53) What is the concentration (in M) of hydroxide ions in a solution at 25.0 C with pH = 4.282? A) 4.28 B) 9.72 C) 1.91 X 10-10 D) 5.22 X 10-5 E) 1.66 X 104 54) Calculate the pOH of a solution at 25.0 C that contains 1.94 X 10-10 hydronium ions. A) 1.94 B) 4.29 C) 7.00 D) 14.0 E) 9.71 55) Calculate the concentration (in M) of hydronium ions in a solution at 25.0 C with a pOH of 4.223. A) 5.98 X 10-5 B) 1.67 X 10-10 C) 1.67 X 104 D) 5.99 X 10-19 E) 1.00 X 10-7 56) What is the pH of a 0.015 M aqueous solution of barium hydroxide? A) 12.48 B) 12.25 C) 1.82 D) 10.41 E) 1.52 57) What is the pOH of a 0.0150 M solution of barium hydroxide? A) 12.2 B) 12.5 C) 1.52 D) 1.82 E) 10.4 58) An aqueous solution contains 0.100 M NaOH at 25.0 C. The pH of the solution is __________. A) 0.100 B) 1.00 C) 13.00 D) 7.00 E) -1.00 Dissociation of Weak acids and Bases, poly-protic acid dissociation, hydrolysis of salts, oxy-acids 59) HZ is a weak acid. An aqueous solution of HZ is prepared by dissolving 0.020 mol of HZ in sufficient water to yield 1.0 L of solution. The pH of the solution was 4.93 at 25.0 C. The Ka of HZ is __________. A) 1.2 X 10-5 B) 6.9 X 10-9 C) 1.4 X 10-10 D) 9.9 X 10-2 E) 2.8 X 10-12 60) The pH of a 0.55 M aqueous solution of hypobromous acid, HOBr, at 25.0 C is 4.48. What is the value of Ka for HOBr? A) 2.0 X 10-9 B) 1.1 X 10-9 C) 6.0 X 10-5 D) 3.3 X 10-5 E) 3.0 X 104 61) A 0.15 M aqueous solution of the weak acid HA at 25.0 C has a pH of 5.35. The value of Ka for HA is __________. A) 3.0 X 10-5 B) 1.8 X 10-5 C) 7.1 X 10-9 D) 1.3 X 10-10 E) 3.3 X 10-4 62) The Ka of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is 3.0 X 10-8 at 25.0 C. Calculate the pH of a 0.0385 M hypochlorous acid solution. A) 1.41 B) 8.94 C) 4.47 D) 7.52 E) -1.41 63) The Ka of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is 3.0 X 10-8. What is the pH at 25.0 C of an aqueous solution that is 0.0200 M in HOCl? A) +2.45 B) -2.45 C) -9.22 D) +9.22 E) +4.61 64) The Ka of hydrofluoric acid (HF) at 25.0 C is 6.8 X 10-4. What is the pH of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of HF? A) 3.25 B) 1.81 C) 3.64 D) 0.46 E) 1.22 65) The Ka of hydrazoic acid (HN3) is 1.9 X 10-5 at 25.0 C. What is the pH of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of HN3? A) 1.14 B) 2.41 C) 5.23 D) 2.59 E) -2.46 66) The acid-dissociation constants of sulfurous acid (H2SO3) are Ka1 = 1.7 X 10-2 and Ka2 = 6.4 X 10-8 at 25.0 C. Calculate the pH of a 0.163 M aqueous solution of sulfurous acid. A) 4.53 B) 1.30 C) 1.86 D) 6.21 E) 1.93 67) The acid-dissociation constants of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) are Ka1 = 7.5 X 10-3, Ka2 = 6.2 X 10-8 and Ka3 = 4.2 X 10-13 at 25.0 C. What is the pH of a 2.5 M aqueous solution of phosphoric acid? A) 1.82 B) 0.40 C) 2.51 D) 0.88 E) 0.13 68) The pH of a 0.10 M solution of a weak base is 9.82. What is the Kb for this base? A) 2.1 X 10-4 B) 4.4 X 10-8 C) 8.8 X 10-8 D) 6.6 X 10-4 E) 2.0 x 10-5 69) Calculate the pH of a 0.500 M aqueous solution of NH3. The Kb of NH3 is 1.77 X 10-5 is A) 8.95 B) 11.47 C) 2.52 D) 5.05 E) 3.01 70) Determine the pH of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of CH3NH2 (methylamine). The Kb of methylamine is 4.4 X 10-4 A) 10.00 B) 3.86 C) 12.09 D) 1.96 E) 13.24 71) An aqueous solution contains 0.050 M of methylamine. The concentration of hydroxide ion in this solution is __________ M. Kb for methylamine is 4.4 X 10-4 A) 0.050 B) 2.2 x 10-5 C)2.9 x 10-3 D) 4.5 x 10-3 E) 4.7 x 10-3 72) The acid-dissociation constant, Ka, for gallic acid is 4.57 X 10-3. What is the base-dissociation constant, Kb, for the gallate ion? A) 4.5 x 10-3 B) 2.19 X 10-12 C) 5.43 X 10-5 D) 7.81 X 10-6 E) 2.91 x 10-2 73) The base-dissociation constant, Kb, for pyridine, C5H5N, is 1.4 X 10-9. The acid-dissociation constant, Kb, for the pyridinium ion, C5H5NH+ is __________. A) 1.0 X 10-7 B) 1.4 X 10-23 C) 7.1 X 10-4 D) 1.4 X 10-5 E) 7.1 X 10-6 74) The Ka for HCN is 4.9 X 10-10. What is the value of Kb for CN-? A) 2.0 X 10-5 B) 4.0 X 10-6 C) 4.9 X 104 D) 4.9 X 10-24 E) 2.0 X 109 75) Ka for HF is 7.0 X 10-4. Kb for the fluoride ion is __________. A) 2.0 X 10-8 B) 1.4 X 10-11 C) 7.0 X 10-18 D) 7.0 X 10-4 E) 1.4 X 103 76) Calculate the pOH of a 0.0827 M aqueous sodium cyanide solution at 25.0 C. Kb for CN- is 4.49 X 10-10. A) 9.33 B) 10.00 C) 5.20 D) 1.17 E) 8.89 77) Determine the pH of a 0.15 M aqueous solution of KF. For hydrofluoric acid, Ka = 7.0 X 10-4. A) 12.01 B) 5.85 C) 8.17 D) 2.32 E) 6.68 78) Calculate the pH of 0.726 M anilinium hydrochloride (C6H5NH3Cl) solution in water, given that Kb for aniline is 3.83 X 10-4. A) 1.77 B) 12.2 C) 5.36 D) 8.64 E) 12.4 79) Kb for NH3 is 1.8 X 10-5. What is the pH of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of NH4Cl at 25.0 C? A) 9.76 B) 4.35 C) 9.11 D) 4.86 E) 11.23 80) The Ka for formic acid (HCO2H) is 1.8 X 10-4. What is the pH of a 0.35 M aqueous solution of sodium formate (NaHCO2)? A) 11.64 B) 5.42 C) 3.39 D) 8.64 E) 4.26 81) Ka for HCN is 4.9 X 10-10. What is the pH of a 0.068 M aqueous solution of sodium cyanide? A) 0.74 B) 2.96 C) 11.07 D) 13.24 E) 7.00 82) Ka for HX is 7.5 X 10-12. What is the pH of a 0.15 M aqueous solution of NaX? A) 7.97 B) 1.96 C) 6.00 D) 8.04 E) 12.10 83) The pH of a 0.15 M aqueous solution of NaZ (the sodium salt of HZ) is 10.7. What is the Ka for HZ? A) 1.6 X 10-6 B) 6.0 X 10-9 C) 8.9 X 10-4 D) 1.3 X 10-12 E) 3.3 X 10-8 84) What is the concentration of OCl- in a 0.60 M solution of HOCl? Ka = 3.1 x 10-8. A) 1.8 x 10-4 M B) 7.1 x 10-11 M C) 0.40 M D) 1.4 x 10-4 M E) 1.1 x 10-4 M 85) What is the pH of a 0.50 M solution of NaNO2? For HNO2, Ka = 4.5 x 10-4. A) 12.18 B) 5.48 C) 1.82 D) 8.52 E) 7.00 86) What is the pH of a 1.0 M solution of NaOCl? For HOCl, Ka = 3.1 x 10-8. A) 10.75 B) 3.25 C) 3.75 D) 10.25 E)7.00 87) What is the pH of a 1.0 x 10-2molar solution of HCN? (For HCN, Ka = 4.0 x 10-10) A) 10 B) Between 7 and 10 C) 7 D) Between 4 and 7 E) 4 88) What is the pH of a 0.020 M solution of hydrosulfuric acid, a diprotic acid? Ka1 = 1.1 x 10-7 Ka2 = 1.0 x 10-14 A) 7.00 B) 9.67 C) 7.84 D) 4.33 E) 3.05 89) What is the concentration of CO32- in a 0.010 M solution of carbonic acid? The relevant equilbria are, H2CO3 ! H+ + HCO3- Ka1 = 4.3 x 10-7 HCO3- ! H+ + CO32- Ka2 = 5.6 x 10-11 A) 6.6 x 10-5 M B) 5.6 x 10-11 M C) 6.7 x 10-11 M D) 7.5 x 10-7 M E) 7.9 x 10-7 M 90) What is the S2- concentration in a saturated solution (0.10 M) of H2S, in which the pH has been adjusted to 6.00 by the addition of HCl? For H2S, Ka1 = 1.1 x 10-7 and Ka2 = 1.0 x 10-14. A) 1.1 x 10-16 M B) 1.1 x 10-10 M C) 1.0 x 10-2 M D) 3.2 x 10-8 M E) 3.2 x 10-6 M 91) Of the following substances an aqueous solution of ____ will form basic solution. NH4Cl Cu(NO3)2 K2CO3 NaF NH4Cl, Cu(NO3)2 K2CO3, NH4Cl NaF only NaF, K2CO3 NH4Cl only 92) A 0.1M aqueous solution of _____ will have a pH of 7.0 at 25C. NaOCl KCl NH4Cl Ca(OAc)2 None of these 93) A 0.1M solution of ___ has a pH of 7.0 Na2S KF NaNO3 NH4Cl NaF 94) An Aqueous solution of _______will produce a basic solution. NH4ClO4 KBr NaCl Na2CO3 NaHCO3 95) Which of the following salts will result in a basic solution when it is dissolved in water? A) KCl B) NH4I C) NaCN D) MgBr2 E) none of these 96) Of the following which is the strongest acid? A) HIO B) HIO4 C) HIO2 D) HIO3 E) all nearly the same 97) of the following which is the strongest acid? A) CH3COOH B) ClCH2COOH C) Cl2CHCOOH D) Cl3CCOOH E) BrCH2COOH 98) which of the following is the strongest? A) H2SO4 B) HSO4- C) H2SO3 D) H2SeO4 E) HSO3- 99) Which of the following is the strongest? A) HClO B) HF C) HBr D) HI E) HCl Conceptual Questions: No calculator 1) Write the name and formula for the conjugate bases of the following. A) HNO2 B) H2SO4 C) H2PO4- D) HF E) CH3COOH 2) For each of the following predict whether an aqueous solution would be acidic, basic or neutral? Sodium nitrate NaNO3 Ammonium iodide NH4I Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 Ammonium cyanide NH4CN Sodium hypochlorite NaOCl Potassium acetate KCH3CO2 3) Complete the Br EMBED Equation.DSMT4 nsted-Lowry equilibria, label the components acid or base and pair up the conjugate acid base pairs. HSO4- + H2O ! NH3 + H2O ! CN- + H2O ! H- + H2O ! HClO4 + H2O ! 4) In the laboratory, H2 (g) can be produced by adding which of the following to 1M HCl( aq)? I. 1M NH3 II. Zn(s) III. NaHCO3(s) I only II only III only I and II only I, II and III 5) 2NH3 ! NH4+ + NH2- In liquid ammonia, the reaction represented above occurs. In the reaction, NH4+ acts as a catalyst both an acid and base the conjugate acid of NH3 the reducing agent the oxidizing agent 6) At 250C, aqueous solution with a pH of 8 have a hydroxide ion concentration , [OH-1] , of 1x10-14 M 1x10-8 M 1x10-6 M 1 M 8 M 7) How can 100 ml sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 13 be converted to a sodium hydroxide solution of pH 12? By diluting the solution with distilled water to a total volume of 108 ml by diluting the solution with distilled water to a total volume of 200mL by diluting to a total volume of 1.00L By adding 100mL of 0.10M HCl By adding 100mL of 0.01M NaOH 8) The pH of a solution prepared by the addition of 10 mL of 0.002M KOH (aq) to 10mL of distilled water is close to 12 11 10 4 3 9) In solution, which of the following has the greatest [H3O+] ? HCN HNO3 H2O OH- CH3OH 10) Which of the following is not true for a solution at 25C that has a hydroxide concentration of 1.0 INCLUDEPICTURE "http://img.sparknotes.com/content/testprep/bookimgs/sat2/chemistry/0003/chemistry156.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET 10-6M? Kw = 1 x10-14 the solution is acidic The solution is basic [H+] = 1x10-8M the pOH is 6.0 11) Equal volumes of two solutions of pH 3 and pH 4 are mixed. The pH of the resulting solution will be 7 3.5 2.96 3.26 3.5 12) The pH of 1.0 x10-8 M solution of HCL in water is 8 -8 between 7 and 8 between 6 and 7 between 8 and 9 13) Which of the following will occur if a 0.1M solution of a weak acid is diluted to 0.01 M at constant temperature? [H+] will decrease to 0.01M pH will decrease percentage ionization will increase Ka will increase nothing will happen 14) Which of the following ions is the strongest Lewis acid? Na+ Cl CH3COO Mg2+ Al3+ 15) Each of the following can act as both a Brnsted acid and a Brnsted base EXCEPT HCO3 H2PO4 NH4+ H2O HS 16) Which, if any, of the following species is in the greatest concentration in a 0.100-molar solution of H2SO4 in water? H2SO4 molecules H3O+ ions HSO4 ions SO42 ions All species are in equilibrium and therefore have the same concentrations 17) HSO4 + H2O <===> H3O+ + SO42 In the equilibrium represented above, the species that act as bases include which of the following? I. HSO4 II. H2O III. SO42 II only III only I and II I and III II and III 18) Which of the following acids can be oxidized to form a stronger acid? H3PO4 HNO3 H2CO3 H3BO3 H2SO3 19) The reaction represented below has an equilibrium constant equal to 3.7 x 104. Which of the following can be concluded from this information? HC2H3O2(aq) + CN(aq) <===> HCN(aq) + C2H3O2(aq) CN(aq) is a stronger base than C2H3O2(aq) HCN(aq) is a stronger acid than C2H3O2(aq) The conjugate base of CN(aq) is C2H3O2(aq) The equilibrium constant will increase with an increase in temperature. The pH of a solution containing equimolar amounts of CN(aq) and C2H3O2(aq)) is 7.0. 20) When a 0.1M solutions of HF, HCl , KF and KCl are arranged in order of increasing pH which order is correct? HF, HCl, KF, KCl HCl, HF, KF, KCl HCl, HF, KCl, KF HF, HCl, K Cl, KF KCl, KF, HF, HCl 21) Which is not a conjugate acid/base pair? H2CO3 and CO32- HSO4- and SO42- H2PO4- and HPO42- H3O+ and H2O HNO3 and NO3- 22) What is the [OH-] in an aqueous solution which has a pH =11 1.0 x10-3 1.0 x10-4 4.0 x10-11 1.0 x10-2 1.0 x103 Answers: 1B9B17D25C33C41C49C57C65D73E81C89B97D2D10D18E26D3442B50A58C66B74A82E90B98A3E11B19C27B35C43D51B59B67D75B83B91D99D4C12C20E28D36A44D52D60A68B76C84D91B5BD13C21E29D37C45C53C61D69B77C85D93C6C14A22A30E38E46B54B62C70C78C86A94D7C15A23E31D39E47D55B63E71D79D87D95C8C16D24A32C40C48B56A64B72B80D88D96B 34 [H3O+][OH-]pHpOHacidic or basic2.0 x10-55.0 x 10-104.709.30acidic5.6 x 10-71.8 x 10-86.257.75acidic1.8 x 10-135.6 x 10-212.751.25basic1.6 x 10-56.3 x 10-104.809.20acidic8.7x 10-101.1 x 10-59.064.94basic Explanation for some of the above answers in the table; 85) NO2- + H2O ! HNO2 + OH- 0.5 0 0 -x +x +x 0.5-x x x Kb = Kw/Ka = [HNO2] [OH-]/ [NO2]- = x2 / 0.5 = 2.22 x 10-11 pH = 14 pOH = 8.52 88) Only the first dissociation is significant so only Ka1 is needed 89) . From the first dissociation, [H+] = [HCO3-]. The second dissociation does not change this much. Ka2 = [H+] [CO3 2-] /[HCO3-]. But [H+] = [HCO3-] and cancel each other out. So Ka2 = [CO32-] = 5.6 x10-11 90) Combine the two dissociations H2S ! H+ + HS- HS- ! H+ + S2- -------------------------------------------------- H2S ! 2H+ + S2- K = Ka1 x Ka2 1.1x 10-21 = [H+]2[S2-] ------------------------ [H2S] [S2-] = k[H2S] / [H+]2 = 1.1 x 10-10 Conceptual questions: 1) NO2- nitrite HSO4- hydrogen sulfate HPO42- hydrogen phosphate F- fluoride E) CH3COO- acetate 2) Neutral Acidic Basic Neutral Basic basic 3) (A) HSO4- + (B) H2O ! (CB) SO42- + (CA) H3O+ (B) NH3 + (A) H2O ! (CA) NH4+ + (CB) OH- (B) CN- + (A) H2O ! (CA) HCN + (CB) OH- (B) H- + (A) H2O ! (CA) H2 + (CB) OH- (A) HClO4 + (B) H2O ! (CB) ClO4- + (CA) H3O+ 4 B9 B14 E19 A5 C10 B15 C20 C6 C11 D16 B21 A7 C12 A17 E22 A8 B13 C18 E Free Response Questions: The overall dissociation of oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is represented below. The overall dissociation constant is also indicated. H2C2O4 ! 2 H+ + H2C2O42- K = 3.78 x 10-6 Give the equations representing the first and second dissociations of oxalic acid. Calculate the value of the first dissociation constant, K1, for oxalic acid if the value of the second dissociation constant, K2, is 6.40 x 10-5. To a 0.015-molar solution of oxalic acid, a strong acid is added until the pH is 0.5. Calculate the [C2O42-] in the resulting solution. (Assume the change in volume is negligible.) Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, Kb, for the reaction that occurs when solid Na2C2O4 is dissolved in water. (Do later) 2) H3PO2, H3PO3, and H3PO4 are monoprotic, diprotic and triprotic acids, respectively, and they are about equal strong acids. HClO2, HClO3, and HClO4 are all monoprotic acids, but HClO2 is a weaker acid than HClO3 which is weaker than HClO4. Account for: (a) The fact that the molecules of the three phosphorus acids can provide different numbers of protons. (b) The fact that the three chlorine acids differ in strengths. 3) The value of the ionization constant, Ka, for hypochlorous acid, HOCl, is 3.1(10-8. (a) Calculate the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.050 molar solution of HOCl. (b) Calculate the concentration of hydronium ion in a solution prepared by mixing equal volumes of 0.050 molar HOCl and 0.020 molar sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl. (c) A solution is prepared by the disproportionate reaction below. (Do later) Cl2 + H2O ! HCl + HOCl Calculate the pH of the solution if enough chlorine is added to water to make the concentration of HOCl equal to 0.0040 molar. 4) Methylamine CH3NH2, is a weak base that ionizes in solution as shown by the following equation. CH3NH2 + H2O ! CH3NH3+ + OH- (a) At 25C the percentage ionization in a 0.160 molar solution of CH3NH2 is 4.7%. Calculate [OH-], [CH3NH3+], [CH3NH2], [H3O+], and the pH of a 0.160 molar solution of CH3NH2 at 25C. (b) Calculate the value for Kb, the ionization constant for CH3NH2, at 25C. 5) The acid ionization constant, Ka, for propanoic acid, C2H5COOH, is 1.3x10-5. (a) Calculate the hydrogen ion concentration, [H+], in a 0.20-molar solution of propanoic acid. (b) Calculate the percentage of propanoic acid molecules that are ionized in the solution in (a). (c) What is the ratio of the concentration of propanoate ion, C2H5COO-, to that of propanoic acid in a buffer solution with a pH of 5.20? 6) In water, hydrazoic acid, HN3, is a weak acid that has an equilibrium constant, Ka, equal to 2.8x10-5 at 25C. A 0.300 L sample of a 0.050M solution of the acid is prepared. (a) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Ka, for hydrazoic acid. (b) Calculate the pH of this solution at 25C. 7) NH3(aq) + H2O(l) !NH4+(aq) + OH(aq) In aqueous solution, ammonia reacts as represented above. In 0.0180M NH3(aq) at 25C, the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH] is 5.60x104M. 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C6H5NH3+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Aniline, a weak base, reacts with water according to the reaction represented above. Write the equilibrium constant expression, Kb, for the reaction represented above. A sample of aniline is dissolved in water to produce 25.0 mL of a 0.10M solution. The pH of the solution is 8.82. Calculate the equilibrium constant, Kb, for this reaction. Answers: a) H2C2O4- ! H+ + HC2O4- (eq. constant = K1) HC2O4- ! H+ + C2O42- (eq. constant = K2) b) H2C2O4 ! H+ + HC2O4-1 K1 HC2O4-1 ! H+ + HC2O4-2 K2 K = K1 x K2 K1 = K/K2 = 3.78 x 10-6/6.40 x 10-5 = 5.91 x 10-2 c) K = [H+]2 [C2O42-] _______________ = 3.78 x 10-6 = (0.316)2 (x) / (0.015) [H2C2O4] X = 5.68 x10-7 M d) C2O4-2 + H2O ! HC2O4- + OH- Kb = Kw/Ka 1.0 x10-14/6.40 x10-5 = 1.56 x10-10 (a) The structure for the three acids are as follows:  The hydrogen atom(s) bonded directly to the phosphorus atom is/are not acidic in aqueous solution; only those hydrogen atoms bonded to the oxygen atoms can be released as protons. (b) The acid strength is successively greater as the number of oxygen atoms increases because the very electronegative oxygen atoms are able to draw electrons away from the chlorine atom and the O-H bond. This effect is more important as the number of attached oxygen atoms increases. This means that a proton is most readily produced by the molecule with the largest number of attached oxygen atoms. (a) HOCl + H2O ! H3O+ + OCl- 3.2 x 10-8 = [H3O+][OCl-] = X2 _________________ ________________ [HOCl] (0.050  X) X = [H3O+] = 4.0x10-5M (b) HOCl + H2O ! H3O+ + OCl- [H3O+][0.020 + X] _________________ = 3.1 x 10-8 X<< 0.010 [0.020 X] X = [H3O+] = 8.0x10-8M (c) Cl2 + H2O --> HCl + HOCl [HOCl] = [HCl] = 0.0040M HCl as principal source of H3O+ pH = -log[H3O+] = 2.40 (a) CH3NH2; 0.160M x 4.7% = 7.5x10-3 M ionizing (0.160M - 0.0075M) = 0.152 M at equilibrium [CH3NH3+] = [OH-] = 7.5x10-3 M [H3O+] = Kw ________ = 1.3 x 10-12 M 7.5 x 10-5 pH = -log [H3O+] = 11.89 (b) Kb = [CH3NH3+][OH-] (7.5 x 10-3)2 ___________________ = ___________________ [CH3NH2] 0.152 = 68>@BDFHLNPX`bfnvxz|PR̻uhW hh]CJOJQJ^JaJhh]OJQJ^JhhIbOJQJ^J$hh]B*H*OJQJ^Jph$hh]6B*OJQJ^Jph$hh]B*H*OJQJ^Jph!hh]B*OJQJ^Jph!hhmB*OJQJ^Jph!hhlkB*OJQJ^Jph!hhBB*OJQJ^JphRRVjX~V($ .p@ P !$`'8^8`a$gddq $ .p@ P !$`'a$gddq($ .p@ P !$`'8^8`a$gd{ & F7$8$H$gdbY 7$8$H$gd*y$a$gd] & F0`0gdbY ^`gdm l&(RTVbdhjrtvxz|~˹ܧܚ~p~^QD6D6D6hhenH*OJQJ^JhhenOJQJ^JhhdqOJQJ^J#hh*y5CJOJQJ^JaJhh[N5OJQJ^Jhhdq5OJQJ^Jhh]5OJQJ^JhhSbOJQJ^J#hh]CJH*OJQJ^JaJ#hh]6CJOJQJ^JaJ hhIbCJOJQJ^JaJ hh]CJOJQJ^JaJ#hhfCJH*OJQJ^JaJ~ɶyfQf@BDPٯٯٯٯٯٯٜىtىىa%hh[B*OJQJ^JaJph(hh*yB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhgCB*OJQJ^JaJph%hh{B*OJQJ^JaJph(hhdqB*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhdqB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhdqB*OJQJ^JaJph%hh!BB*OJQJ^JaJph%(Z(V__($ .p@ P !$`'^`a$gdgC($ .p@ P !$`'^`a$gddq($ .p@ P !$`'^`a$gdgC($ .p@ P !$`'8^8`a$gddq PTVXZ "$04<DLNP\^`bdfjtî؛؆؆؆s؛^s؆؆(hh1mB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhgCB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhdqB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hh1mB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhgCB*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhdqB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhdqB*OJQJ^JaJph(hh{B*H*OJQJ^JaJph$tvz|tv؛؈؛s؛؛`H.jhhIPB*OJQJU^JaJph%hhIPB*OJQJ^JaJph(hh1mB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhgCB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhdqB*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hh4tB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hh!BB*OJQJ^JaJph%hhdqB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhdqB*H*OJQJ^JaJphtxp<|f??' .p@ P !$`'^`gdbw $ ,p@ P !$`'^`gdE( 1p@ P !$`'^`gdIP) .p@ P !$`'^`gdIP" & F .p@ P !$`'gdbYvmn&(*,8:<>NT\^`blnx "$8<XZ^쯚r%hhduB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhbw B*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhbw B*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhbw B*OJQJ^JaJph)hhIPB*NHOJQJ^JaJph(hhIP6B*OJQJ^JaJph%hhIPB*OJQJ^JaJph'@z =Xy  & F .p@ P !$`'gdbY' .p@ P !$`'h^h`gdbw ' .p@ P !$`'^`gdbw ^`dfhjvz|&'+,>?uvٯٯrr]rٯٯ(hh1mB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hh1mB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhXB*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhXB*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhbw B*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhbw B*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhbw B*OJQJ^JaJph%hhXB*OJQJ^JaJph$vwx  &1479ACQRST^쯚r%hh1mB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhkB*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhkB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhkB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhbw B*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhbw B*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhbw B*OJQJ^JaJph+7D^ 8  & F .p@ P !$`'gdbY P !$`'gdjE  P !$`'^`gdl% .p@ P !$`'^`gdk ^cejkmnostu 쯚¯š쯇p(hhkB*H*OJQJ^JaJphU%hhkB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhjEB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhjEB*OJQJ^JaJph(hhlB*H*OJQJ^JaJph(hhlB*H*OJQJ^JaJph%hhlB*OJQJ^JaJph%3.7x10-4 (a) Ka = [H+][C2H5COO-] [H+] = [C2H5COO-] = X ______________________ [C2H5COOH] = 0.20 M X ~ 0.20 (assume x is small) [C2H5COOH] x2 __________ = 1.3 x 10-5; x = 1.6 x 10-3 M = [H+] 0.20 (b) From (a), x = amount of acid that ionized, therefore 1.6 x 10-3 ___________ x (100) = 0.80% ionized 0.20 (c) At pH = 5.20 [H+] = -log (5.20) = 6.31 x 10-6 M (6.31 x 10-6)[C2H5COO-] _____________________________ = Ka = 1.3 x 10-5 [C2H5COOH] [C2H5COO-] 2.1 _____________________________ = ______ [C2H5COOH] 1 6. a) Ka = [H+][N3-]/[HN3] (b) [H+] = [N3-] = x 2.8 x 10-5 = x2/0.050; x = 1.2 x 10-3 M pH = -log [H+] = 2.92 7. 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