ࡱ>  =>bjbj>>  pTpT=6||D6\;&; G:::::::$<u?:]::F::203xՕ2~::0;2/@/@,33/@ 4tO'|=lOOO::OOO;/@OOOOOOOOO| : AP Language and Composition Multiple Choice Stems The speakers primary purpose in the passage is to The phrase, functions primarily as The attitude of the entire passage (or parts of the passage) is one of The author uses this (a certain image) for the purpose of The main rhetorical strategy of the ___ paragraph is for the purpose of The word in context of line ___ is best interpreted to mean By lines ___, it can be interpreted to mean The reason for the shift in tone is due to The phrase in line ___ refers to which of the following The word/phrase in line ___ refers to which of the following In relation to the passage as a whole, the statement in the first sentence presents In lines ___, the speaker employs which of the following rhetorical strategies Which of the following best summarizes the main topic of the passage In the sentence beginning the speaker employs all of the following EXCEPT The style of the passage as a whole is most accurately characterized as The principle contrast employed by the author in the passage (paragraph) is between The primary rhetorical function of lines --- is to The speakers reference to serves primarily to The tone of the passage shifts from one of ___ to one of ___ The second sentence lines ___ is unified by metaphorical references pertaining to (frame of reference) It can be inferred by the description of ___that which of the following qualities are valued by the speaker The antecedent for it in the clause is The type of argument employed by the speaker is most similar to which of the following The speaker describes ___ in an order best described as from the (loudest to softest) The pattern of exposition exemplified in the passage is best described as The point of view indicated in the phrase in line ___ is that of The atmosphere established in the ___ sentence in line ___ is that of The ___ sentence in line ___ remains coherent chiefly because of its use of Parallel syntactic structure Colloquial and idiomatic diction A series of prepositional phrases Periodic sentence structure Retrospective point of view The function of the three clauses introduced by that in lines ___ is to The sentence in lines ___ contains which of the following Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph in relation to the two paragraphs that precede it The passage is an appeal for a The primary rhetorical function of lines ___ is to In the passage, the speaker makes all of the following assumptions about his/her readers EXCEPT The diction in the passage is best described as One prominent stylistic characteristic of the ___ paragraph is the use of Instructions for Writing AP M/C Questions IMPORTANT TERMS: Multiple-choice item-a test question in which a number of response choices are given from which the correct answer is to be selected; should have 4-5 options (A-D or A-E) Stem-the initial part of the item in which the task is delineatedit may be a question, directions, or an incomplete statement Options-all the choices in an item Key-the correct answer Distracters-the incorrect options Illustration:  The author of Paradise Lost was STEM Donne Keats DISTRACTERS Chaucer Shakespeare Milton KEY ITEM WRITING: The material to be tested should be significant. It is easy to write questions about trivia. Resist the temptation. Use an vocabulary level appropriate for the population being tested (AP students). Word items clearly and concisely Choose a cognitive level as a target for your work on a question. (Blooms taxonomy) Trickiness (usually subtle but unimportant distinctions) is never productive in questions. Options should be uniform and logically ordered Use None of the above rarely, and never use All of the above Use the Roman numeral format only when necessary Avoid options that logically overlap Distracters should be plausible Have a single clear key (answer) STEM: Must be long enough to make the question clear, but should not try to teach a lesson. Provide no more information in the stem than necessary. May be either a question or an incomplete statement to be completed by the options Avoid using of the following when the answer is obviously one of the options If an uncertainty may exist about a universal answer to the question, then use the phrase of the following Use the positive approach for asking the questions (avoid using not) If you must use a negative approach, type the negative word in all caps (NOT, EXCEPT, LEAST, etc.) OPTIONS: Seek to provide one best response, one that any individual well-informed of the topic will select and accept Prepare distracters with desired difficulty (advanced wording) Use common errors or misconceptions associated with the material as distracters Use a Roman numeral format instead of the option All of the above Ex. Which of the following did the United States fight against during the Second World War? Germany Italy Japan I only II only I and III only I, II, and III Numerical options should be placed in ascending or descending order Other options should be put in alphabetical order Answer options should be written in a similar syntactic format Only rarely use the option None of the above and never to avoid developing another distracter All of the options should be about the same length and level of complexity Distribute the position of the key randomly (avoid the tendency to always make it C) Content Questions 1. Which of the following is the primary meaning of the word _________ as it is used in the passage? 2. Which of the following best paraphrases lines ___________? 3. From the context, the reader can infer that _________is 4. The speakers view of __________ might best be described as 5. In line ____, ________ refers to 6. In line ____, _________ is best understood to mean 7. In lines ______, the speaker asserts that 8. From the passage, we can infer that all of the following would be true EXCEPT 9. The central opposition in the work is between 10. The speaker views __________ as 11. Throughout the passage ____________is addressing 12. Lines _________ chiefly serve to show that 13. Which of the following best summarized the main point? 14. Which of the following best defines the phrase 15. It can be inferred that 16. What is the function of ______ in lines _______? Level 2: Style Questions 1. In lines ____, the speaker makes use of all of the following EXCEPT 2. The primary rhetorical function of lines ______ is 3. The comedy of the passage derives chiefly from 4. In line ____, ___________ most probably refers metaphorically to 5. In line ____, ________ is a metaphorical way of saying 6. Grammatically, the word ____________ functions as 7. The most conventional, least idiosyncratic aspect of the work is 8. In the simile in line ____, ________ is used to stand for 9. Lines ________ are based on which of the following? 10. Which of the following is used most extensively in the passage? 11. Which of the following best describes the diction and style of the passage? 12. The poem is best described as 13. The imagery of the poem is characterized by 14. Which of the following best describes _________s speech? 15. The style of the passage is best characterized as 16. The structure of the ______(number, i.e. third) sentence is best described as 17. The shift in point of view from ________ to _________ has the effect of 18. The syntax of the sentence in lines _________ serves to 19. The pattern of exposition exemplified in the passage is best described as 20. The type of argument employed by the speaker is best described as From amfec.org/auer Level 3: Tone, Theme, Universal Implications 1. The tone of the passage is 2. The theme of the passage is 3. One effect of ______________ is to emphasize the speakers feeling of 4. The sentiments expressed in the work are closest to those expressed in which of the following quotations from other poets / writers? 5. Which of the following adjectives best describes _________s speech? 6. Lines _____ most strongly convey the speakers 7. What does the speaker convey in lines __________? 8. The chief effect of the imagery and figures of speech in lines _______ is to 9. The excerpt is chiefly concerned with 10. What is the authors attitude toward the subject? 11. In the work the author is asserting that 12. The speaker assumes that the audiences attitude will be that of 13. The theme of the second paragraph involves which of the following? 14. The major purpose of the statement _____________ is to 15. The author believes that we should AP Language and Composition Multiple Choice Stems The AP English Language and Composition exam generally features multiple choice questions that begin in the following ways and ask for the following kind of information: The speakers primary purpose in the passage is to The phrase, functions primarily as The attitude of the entire passage (or parts of the passage) is one of The author uses this (a certain image) for the purpose of The main rhetorical strategy of the ___ paragraph is for the purpose of The word in context of line ___ is best interpreted to mean By lines ___, it can be interpreted to mean The reason for the shift in tone is due to The phrase in line ___ refers to which of the following The word/phrase in line ___ refers to which of the following In relation to the passage as a whole, the statement in the first sentence presents In lines ___, the speaker employs which of the following rhetorical strategies Which of the following best summarizes the main topic of the passage In the sentence beginning the speaker employs all of the following EXCEPT The style of the passage as a whole is most accurately characterized as The principle contrast employed by the author in the passage (paragraph) is between The primary rhetorical function of lines --- is to The speakers reference to serves primarily to The tone of the passage shifts from one of ___ to one of ___ The second sentence lines ___ is unified by metaphorical references pertaining to (frame of reference) It can be inferred by the description of ___that which of the following qualities are valued by the speaker The antecedent for it in the clause is The type of argument employed by the speaker is most similar to which of the following The speaker describes ___ in an order best described as from the (loudest to softest) The pattern of exposition exemplified in the passage is best described as The point of view indicated in the phrase in line ___ is that of The atmosphere established in the ___ sentence in line ___ is that of The ___ sentence in line ___ remains coherent chiefly because of its use of Parallel syntactic structure Colloquial and idiomatic diction A series of prepositional phrases Periodic sentence structure Retrospective point of view The function of the three clauses introduced by that in lines ___ is to The sentence in lines ___ contains which of the following Which of the following best describes the function of the third paragraph in relation to the two paragraphs that precede it The passage is an appeal for a The primary rhetorical function of lines ___ is to In the passage, the speaker makes all of the following assumptions about his/her readers EXCEPT The diction in the passage is best described as One prominent stylistic characteristic of the ___ paragraph is the use of What is the author's attitude toward the subject? What does the phrase ______mean? How would you characterize the style of the passage? What is the main point of the passage? Restate the phrase, ________. Define the phrase, _________. What is the speaker's purpose in writing this passage? What is the speaker's purpose in lines _______. Why does the writer use the allusion to______?" What is the tone of the passage? How would you characterize the diction and style of the passage? What is the speaker asserting in lines________? Describe the structure of the sentence in lines_____. What contrast does the speaker develop in lines _______? What effect is achieved by the speaker's using the phrases _______? What dominant technique is the speaker using in lines ______? In lines _______, ________is a metaphorical way of saying ________. What does the author achieve by juxtaposing_______and________? What does the speaker accomplish in this passage? What does the choice of words show about the speaker's beliefs? Where is there a shift of tone in the passage? The syntax in lines ________serves to ____________. What is the speaker's attitude toward the subject? What assumptions does the speaker make about the audience? How does the author seek to interest us in the first paragraph? What method does the author use to develop the argument? Line ________ is parallel to what other line in the passage? What can you infer about the author's attitudes toward the subject? What is the antecedent for _______? What type of argument is the author using in this passage? What pattern of exposition is the author using in this passage? What is the atmosphere established in lines _______? Why is the sentence in lines _______ coherent, despite its length? In line______, the use of_______ instead of _________ accomplishes what? What is the function of _______in the passage? What is the subject of the sentence in lines ______? What does the author apparently believe about the subject? What does the author believe we should do in response to this passage? Why is the sentence in lines________remarkable? What is the function of paragraph _________? of line _______? This is not an exhaustive list of question stems. 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