ࡱ> 1307  bjbjUU %,7|7| l` ` ` ` l $I (  $q |     "    pY` .   0I    Conflict / Marxist Theory Help, help, Im being oppressed Basic Tenants of the Conflict Perspective Society is characterized by conflict rather than consensus The law represents the interests of those in power Marxist: Power = wealth, ownership Conflict: Power = political interest groups The law is used to control the less powerful Karl Marx Communist Manifesto Means of production determine the structure of society Capitalism: Owners of the means of production (capitalists) Workers = proletariat, lumpen proletariat Capitalism will Self-Destruct The laboring class produces goods that exceed the value of their wages (profit) The owners invest the profit to reduce the workforce (technology) The workers will no longer be able to afford the goods produced by the owners Marxist Criminology Those in political power control the definition of crime. Laws protect the rich (property, $) Laws ignore crimes of the rich (profiteering) Consensus is an illusion Marxist Criminology Those in power control law enforcement Crimes of the rich treated with kid gloves Property crimes strictly enforced Street crimes are enforced only in poor neighborhoods Marxist Criminology The law is a tool of the rich to control the working population middle class pitted against lower class Incarceration to control Crimes against things that might distract the good worker Etiology of Crime? Crimes of Rebellion Riots Political Protests Crimes of Accommodation Theft, Prostitution Organized crime POLICY IMPLICATION? The policy implication of Marxist Criminology is clear. Dismantle the capitalist structure in favor of a socialist structure. Criticisms of Marxist Criminology An underdog theory with little basis in fact Are socialist societies any different? Other capitalist countries have low crime rates Most crime is poor against poorMarxists ignore the plight of the poor. Labeling Theory Three Influences on the Labeling Perspective Symbolic Interactionism Cooley (1908) looking glass self Conflict View of Law Enforcement Unequal enforcement of laws (class, race) Ineractionist Definition of Crime All Deviance is relative, there are no acts that are bad or evil by their nature Outline of the Theory Tannenbaum: the Dramatization of Evil Consequences of being labeled Stigmatization Self-fulfilling prophesy Force to hang out with other outsiders Lemert: Primary vs. Secondary Deviance Primary (all of us engage in deviance, for a variety of reasons) Secondary: deviance that is the direct result of the labeling process This is also referred to as deviance amplification The Labeling Process Criticisms of Labeling Theory Labeling theory ignores the onset of delinquency (origin of primary deviance) All Deviance is not Relative Labeling may effect self-concept, but no evidence that self-concept causes crime Labeling typically occurs AFTER chronic delinquency Social Context Labeling theory had its heyday in the late 1960s and early 1970s Cultural Relativism Mistrust of Government Civil Rights Movement: racism, classism Policy ImplicationsThe 4 Ds Diversion De-institutionalization De-criminalization Due Process Extension of Labeling Theory Braithewaite Stigmatization without any attempt to reintegrate increases crime If we would only use reintegrative shaming, we could reduce crime \o b M u | @E CJ aJ CJaJ>*=h%R\p,|  Z~  & F \^ `\  & F ^`  & F ^`  & F & F$a$ $^`a$ ~-O ] p * p  b  & F & F & Fb s & H & M u 2Gf&Zj & F & F & F&>Q^{   & F & F #0P/ =!"#$% i8@8 NormalCJ_HaJmH sH tH P`P Heading 17$8$@&H$B*CJ,OJQJ^JaJ,ph33``` Heading 27$8$@&H$^`B*CJ OJQJ^JaJ ph``` Heading 3I7$8$@&H$^I`B*CJOJQJ^JaJph<A@< Default Paragraph Font ,=h%R\p,|  Z~-O ]p*pbs&H & M u 2 G f & Z j  & > Q ^ {  000 0= 0=( 0( 0 0=0 0R 0R 0R( 0( 0 0 0  0  0 0 0 ( 0 ( 0 ( 0 0 0( 0( 0( 00 0( 0( 0( 00 0]( 0p( 0p 0]( 0( 00 0( 0 0 0!p 0"p 0#p 0$p00 0%s( 0& 0's( 0( 0)s( 0*&0 0+0 0,( 0-( 0.( 0/0 00M  01M  02M 00 03G  04G  05G  06G 0 07Z ( 08j ( 09j ( 0:j 0 0;  0<  0=  0> 0 0?^ ( 0@{ ( 0A{  ~b     ]o   33Gateway WC:\~jmaahs\Introduction to Criminololgy\Powerpoint in Word format\Conflict_labeling.docM`*<XX` @CJOJQJo(n @CJOJQJo(nH @CJOJQJo("  @CJOJQJo(" @@CJOJQJo(nL`@CJOJQJo(n@ -  `@UnknownG:Times New Roman5Symbol3& :Arial5& :Tahoma;Wingdings"1hZƮZ Y07 2QConflict / Marxist TheoryGateway Gateway ZOh+'0 ( D P \hpxConflict / Marxist Theory0onf Gateway / Mateate Normal.dotM Gateway tM1teMicrosoft Word 9.0T@@L Y@L Y Z՜.+,0 hp|  i7  Conflict / Marxist Theory Title !"#$%&')*+,-./2Root Entry F pY41Table WordDocument%,SummaryInformation( DocumentSummaryInformation8(CompObjjObjectPool pY pY  FMicrosoft Word Document MSWordDocWord.Document.89q