ࡱ> rtq!` =bjbj\\ *f>>45rttttttt ( ( (8D(4x(lND2(())))))CCCCCCC$EhG|Ct/))//Ctt))D}2}2}2/dt)t)C}2/C}2}2e@ttC)( Pj (0d]B8CD0NDBdHw0dHpCdHtC)*&}2+,)))CC2^)))ND////# ( (tttttt Sexually Transmitted Infections & HIV/AIDS 10th Grade Health and Wellness I. Sexually Transmitted Infections A. Know and understand the following terms: 1. Sexually transmitted disease (or infection) a communicable disease that can spread from person to person through sexual contact. 2. Pathogen  a microbe that causes disease a. bacteria b. virus c. fungi d. protozoa e. worms f. parasites 3. Asymptomatic showing no symptoms B. Know and understand the categories, symptoms, treatments, and complications of common STIs (see attached chart for more information). 1. Bacterial STIs these STIs can be treated and cured a. Chlamydia - is an infection caused by bacteria that affects the vagina and urethra in males. * if left untreated, can lead to NGU (urethral/cervical infection) and PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) * can be transmitted from mother to child * treated with oral antibiotics * 75% of women and 50% of men are asymptomatic * currently(2006) the most common STI in U.S. b. Gonorrhea (aka the clap) is an infection caused by bacteria that affects the male urethra and the cervix and vagina * diagnosed through secretion cultures & urine tests * most men and women will have no symptoms * individuals are often also infected with Chlamydia * could lead to painful intercourse, abnormal discharge, and PID * treated through oral antibiotics; some strains are, however, resisting treatment * can more easily infect areas such as eyes and throat c. Syphilis - is an STI that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete * there are 4 stages: primary, secondary, latent, & tertiary * any (sexual or nonsexual) contact with a chancre present in the 2nd stage can result in transmission * the 1st 2 stages typically last 1-2 years and even if symptoms disappear, the STI is still present and can be transmitted * in its late stages, can cause serious heart abnormalities, mental disorders, blindness, neurological problems, and death 2. Viral STIs there is no cure but symptoms can be treated a. Herpes - blisterlike sores in the genital area caused by a virus * there are two types: simplex 1, simplex 2 * both simplexes 1 and 2 can infect the mouth and genital area * medication can be used to treat outbreaks * transmission can occur when no symptoms are present b. Human Papilloma Virus - * there are over 100 strains * one-third of these strains cause genital warts * other high-risk strains cause cervical and genital cancers * there is an HPV vaccine for 4 (?) of the strains, available to women between the ages of 9-26 * can be transmitted when no symptoms are present c. Hepatitis - a virus that causes chronic infection, cirrhosis, and cancer of the liver * can be transmitted through blood, sexual fluids, & breast milk * there are four types: A, B, C, D * there is a vaccine for Hepatitis B * Hepatitis B is diagnosed through blood tests d. HIV (see below for more information) * HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus * AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 3. Other Common STIs a. Pubic Lice - tiny parasites (insects) that attach themselves to skin and hair in the pubic area * treated through prescription drugs, shampoos, & creams * as well as sexual contact, can be contracted through infected bedding, clothes c. Scabies - tiny parasitic mites that burrow in the skin * not always contracted through sexual contact; close body contact is a common way of transmission * can spread to other body areas such as fingers ad arms * treated by hot baths and medicated creams d. Trichomoniasis - a vaginal infection that can lead to urethra and bladder infections * males are rarely infected but can be carriers * cured with prescription medication C. Know and understand the methods of STI transmission and contraction. 1. All STIs can be contracted through oral, vaginal, and anal sex. 2. Some STIs can be contracted through contact with infected bodily fluids. 3. Some STIs can be contracted through contact with infected areas (sores, open blisters, skin to skin contact) 4. Parasitic STIs can be contracted through contact with infected bedding, clothing, etc. These symptoms mean that medical help is needed immediately: Unusual discharge from penis, vagina, or rectum. Pain or burning while urinating. Pain in the abdomen (women), testicles (men), or buttocks and legs. Blisters, open sores, warts, rashes, or swelling in the genital area or sex organs. Flu-like symptoms: fever, headache, diarrhea, aching muscles, swollen glands. Ectopic pregnancy a pregnancy that develops in one of the fallopian tubes or elsewhere outside the uterus; a dangerous condition. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) an infection of the fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity in women, causing ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage. Getting help and treatment Where to get help: Parents School health services Public health departments Community STD clinics Private physicians * Discuss the purpose of a Public Health Clinic. * Review the procedures that take place. * Reasons to be tested for an STI. * Treatments available. Confidentiality Most places keep information, such as names, confidential. Treatment may be free of charge. * Discuss the importance of confidentiality as it relates to the treatment of STIs. * Debate the issue of confidentiality and parental notification of STI testing and treatment. Notification Anyone diagnosed with an STD must notify sexual partners. Otherwise, the partners may continue to spread the disease, or become ill. Ways to notify a partner: Tell them in person Call them on the telephone Write a letter Have a caseworker notify them Discuss ways to eliminate or reduce the risk of contracting STDs,/STIs, HIV and AIDS Ways to eliminate the risk: Practice sexual abstinence Have a mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected partner Ways to reduce the risk: Avoid contact with partners body fluids. Use latex condoms with spermicides throughout every sexual act to keep body fluids from being exchanged. Do condoms prevent each type of STI? Refuse alcohol or other drugs. Wash the genitals and urinate after sex. Have regular STD check-ups to make sure any disease is caught early and doesnt spread to others. Avoid high-risk behaviors, and avoid relations with others who engage in high-risk behaviors. * HIV/AIDS * HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus * The 4 Stages of HIV 1. Primary- 1st month after infection. Flu-like symptoms. 2. Clinically Asymptomatic- HIV most active, few symptoms no outward signs felt. Often swollen glands. 3. Chronic symptomatic: - Immune system is defeated -More T-cells destroyed than can be replace 4. AIDS- Immune system incapacitated. Opportunistic diseases. * AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome * T-cell count- Normal 600-1200/ ml blood can be replace * AIDS under 200/ml blood Signs and Symptoms of HIV Infection Flu-like symptoms Fever, headache, malaise Muscle joint pain, rash Sore throat, swollen glands Nausea, vomit, diarrehea Describe how HIV is and is not transmitted How HIV is transmitted: Oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with an infected person Coming in contact with an infected persons blood, semen, or vaginal secretions Sharing infected needles Ear piercing with an infected needle Tattooing with an infected needle Acupuncture with an infected needle Removal of hair by electrolysis with an infected needle Infected blood transfusions Infected organ transplants Pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding by an infected mother (virus passed to infant) How HIV is NOT transmitted (common misconceptions): Casual contact Mosquitoes Eating food Blood donation Vaccines using sterilized needles Contact with unbroken, healthy skin Touching shared objects, including towels Wearing clothes of an HIV infected person Using a toilet previously used by an HIV infected person Hugging an HIV infected person Swimming with an HIV infected person Describe the normal immune system A pathogen (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc.) invades the bloodstream White blood cells survey the situation and notify T-cells which notify B-cells which produce antibodies (proteins) to fight the specific invader Once the invader has been stopped, the antibodies remain in the bloodstream ready to fight that specific invader should it enter the bloodstream again. This is known as immunity. Describe the AIDS-infected immune system A pathogen (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc.) invades the bloodstream White blood cells survey the situation and attempt to notify T-cells. The HIV invades the T-cells and replicates turning the T-cells into HIV-producing factories. The T-cells cannot function The B-cells attempt to produce antibodies, but the antibodies are ineffective The immune system is destroyed allowing an opportunistic disease such as, Kaposis sarcoma, or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia to cause the eventual death of the infected person. Discuss how HIV infection can be prevented Knowledge learn about the disease and apply that knowledge Abstain from oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse If you choose to have sexual intercourse: Both you and your partner should be tested Have safer sex to reduce the risk of exchanging blood, semen, or vaginal secretions with your partner Use a latex condom the entire time you have vaginal or anal intercourse Do not use illegal IV drugs Do not share needles or syringes Do not share items that may have blood on them such as razors, toothbrushes, needles for tattooing, and blades for ritual cutting and scarring Do not make sexual decisions under the influence of alcohol or other drugs Be tested for STDs every year. Women and men with open sores from herpes, syphillis, or chancroid are more susceptible to HIV. * Describe the testing procedures used. HIV diagnostic tests ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) one ELISA is given. If the person tests positive, two more tests are done. If, after three tests, two or three are positive, then the Western Blot test is done to confirm the results. Western Blot Test a more expensive test, but very specific in identifying HIV antibodies. Test results Positive result the person has HIV antibodies in his or her bloodstream. Negative result there are no antibodies in the sample of blood. This does not mean that the person is uninfected because it may take the body from two weeks to six months or longer to develop HIV antibodies. It is best to be retested in six months. * Discuss notification, protocol,etc. * Treatments for HIV 1. Medications- Discuss trends in treatment 2. How They Work- Improve T-Cell Count Treat various infections related to HIV Improve quality of life * Know and understand the social and legal implications of HIV infection. * Discuss how HIV/AIDS has affected society. * Discuss the need for more funding and research to find a cure for AIDS * Suggest ways to get people involved in the fight against AIDS * Discuss how HIV/AIDS patients are discriminated against. Discuss the social and legal implications of HIV infection Questions for discussion: Should a person with HIV/AIDS (or another STD causing "serious bodily harm") be accused of assault if they do not disclose their status to a partner before engaging in sexual activity that involves a "significant" risk of transmission? If a person practiced safer sex, is it still necessary to tell their partner that he or she is HIV-positive? Is an HIV-positive patient obliged to reveal their status to caregivers (doctors, dentists, etc.) in order to ensure that they use "universal" precautions, as they should always do? Should an HIV-positive person avoid talking to their psychologist about their disease out of fear that the psychologist could report them or have to testify against them? Identify clinics and clinic availability Lower Bucks Co. Health Dept. 410 Bath Road Bristol , PA 19007 Phone : (215) 788-0491 Day/Hrs : Tue (1pm.3pm) Bucks County Health Department Neshaminy Manor Center Bldg. Rt. 611 & Almshouse Road Doylestown , PA 18901 Phone : (215) 345-3344 Day/Hrs : Mon (2:30pm.4:30pm) Social Health Clinic 1400 Lombard Street Philadelphia , PA 19146 Phone : (215) 875-6570 Ext. 5 Day/Hrs : Mon.Fri (8:30am.4pm) Philadelphia Community Health Alternative (PCHA) 1216 Walnut Street Philadelphia , PA 19107 Phone : (215) 735-1911 Day/Hrs : Mon.Fri (9am.5pm) Henry J. Austin Health Center 321 Warren Street Trenton , NJ 08618 Phone : (609) 989-3246 Day/Hrs : Mon.Fri (8:30am.10am & 1pm.2pm) (no afternoon clinic on Wed) Hamilton Hospital Emergency Room 1881 Whitehorse & Hamilton Square Road Trenton , NJ 08690 Phone : (609) 890-3647 Day/Hrs : Tue & Thu (3:30pm.5:30pm)      PAGE 1 Sexually Transmitted Infections/ HIV & AIDS Council Rock School District Revised 8/29/07 *+-/IJK' 6 W Z [ e h i p s t |   ] ^ b p    ǸǸǸǸǸǸǸǙ h 5CJ h45CJh57h575CJ h575CJ hU)5CJ hY\5CJhmqhmq5CJhmqhmqCJ hmqCJ hmq5CJhNhNCJaJhNhNCJH*aJhNCJaJhmqCJaJhNhmqCJaJ1+JKo' W e p |  ^  ^`gd ^gd57^gdY\gdY\^gdmqgdmq$a$$a$gdmq4==  1 l ! 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