ࡱ> [ )bjbj 4Zΐΐ!0J0L0L0L0L0L0L0_25L0'''L0a0d-d-d-':J0d-'J0d-d-//`ȣ ( /60w000/,5(D5/5/@z,d-#RL0L0Z- 0''''5 : Chapter 11: The Age of Imperialism The Scramble for Africa Africa Before European Domination In the mid 1800s, African people were divided up Most followed Some converted These groups spoke Politically, they ranged from Europeans had established African armies were strong enough By 1880, Europeans only controlled Large scale travel to the interior was almost impossible Disease and non navigable rivers Africans controlled These networks were highly specialized One tribe, the Chokwe Nations compete for overseas empire The Europeans who did make it into the interior of Africa were Europeans and Americans The Congo Sparks Interest In the late 1860s David Livingstone, a Scottish missionary When no one had heard from him for ten years An American newspaper In 1871 he found Stanley then set out His explorations got the interest of He commissioned Stanley Between 1879 and 1882, Stanley signed treaties with The treaties gave Leopold II Leopold claimed that he was colonizing this area However, he used At least 10 million Congolese died. Because of his abuses The French had signed a treaty It didnt take long before Forces Driving Imperialism Belief in National pride played a part An empire meant As competition increased Many Europeans subscribed to the beliefs Racism is a belief that Social Darwinism is when Those who were fittest for survival were They were thusly superior Non Europeans were considered to be Because The White Mans Burden Written as a poem by Rudyard Kipling, but Europeans felt that it was their right and their duty Missionaries also pushed They also wanted to Factors Promoting Imperialism in Africa One major advantage that Europeans had was The Maxim Gun, Africans had to rely on They had guns Europeans could also Steam engines allowed The drug Quinine, developed in 1829 In Africa itself There were hundreds Each tribe, empire, or ethnic group was The Africans couldnt The division of Africa The scramble for African territory The French began The discovery of The Berlin Conference Divides Africa European countries feared To prevent this This was called the Rules said By 1914 only Ethiopia and Liberia Liberia was a colony founded by American Ex-Slaves. Raw Materials Most Europeans thought that Africans would European businesses needed There were many The Belgian Congo South Africa had There were also cash crop plantations that grew 1816 a Zulu Chief named Shaka In 1879 the British invaded after Cetshwayo The Zulu nearly The Zulu finally By 1887 the Zulu nation was The Boers and the British settle the Cape The first Europeans to settle in South Africa were They came to the Cape of Good Hope to Dutch farmers known as The British took over The Dutch and the British clashed over. In the 1830s the Boers began This is known as the They quickly found themselves The Boer War When diamonds and gold were discovered The Boers tried to protect their territory by A rebellion against the Boers This was the first The Boers launched The British Black Africans were Some Some served Those who were captured. The British won the war in 1910 and Imperialism A New Period of Imperialism Forms of Control Each European nation Four forms of taking colonies emerged Colony Protectorate Sphere of influence Economic Imperialism Methods of Management Direct Control Paternalism Europeans governed Provided their Europeans brought in Assimilation This was the theory that Mostly used by To aid in this transition In practice the French abandoned assimilation Used Association instead This was similar to indirect control, but Indirect Control Relied on Local rulers handled Each colony had Theory was that Nigeria: A British Colony Gaining Control The British gained control of Nigeria through both Northern Nigeria was captured by the The company took control of This gave the British In 1914 Managing the Colony You had to claim a colony and govern it About 250 ethnic groups lived in Nigeria The The The Because the area was so diverse This worked well with The Yoruba and Igbo African Resistance Unsuccessful Attempts at Resistance These movements generally included The Algerians resisted Samori Tour In German East Africa native people believed Known as the Maji-Maji rebellion, and 20 different ethnic groups united Believed that Official death toll Probably double that Ethiopia: A Successful Resistance Menelik II He successfully While he was doing that Bought from Menelik II He thought In 1896 at the Kept The Legacy of Colonial Rule Negative Africans Africans Many There were famines Traditional culture Traditional authority Men were forced There was an admiration Africa was divided with no regard for Positives Colonialism reduced Improved Lifespan and literacy African products Railroads, dams, telephone, and telegraph lines Primarily benefited Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Ottoman Empire Loses Power Reforms Fail After Suleyman I Corruption and theft Coinage was devalued Selim III He attempted The older janissaries He was overthrown and Now nationalist revolts In 1830 Ottoman weakness was becoming obvious Europeans Grab Territory Geopolitics This is the This was The Ottomans They controlled Any landlocked European country Oil was also discovered in Persia (Iran) Russia and the Crimean War The Russians had launched wars on 1853 The Crimean War Called this because Br. and Fr. wanted Took the side of This war showed The Ottomans Russians aided Ottomans They also lost The Great Game This was Primarily waged over India Russia attempted Britain defended Afghanistan became In the 1800s Mountainous terrain and determined people kept invaders out. 1881 1921 The newly formed (1917) Soviet Union remained until 1979 Egypt Initiates Reform Military and Economic Reform Modernization happened because After Napoleons loss Muhammad Ali He was originally 1831 European powers Ali began He changed They grew He brought Peasants suffered because The Suez Canal Muhammad Alis grandson Ismail This is a waterway Built mainly Opened in Ismails modernization efforts were In 1882 Persia Pressured to Change Russia and Britain competed Russia wanted Persia gave territory Britain wanted In 1857 When Persia could not To raise money These concessions allowed. The Anglo-Persian Oil Co The Battle over Tobacco The people of Persia. Religious leaders 1890 Jamal al-Din He organizes The concession was 1906 1908 British Imperialism in India British Expand Control over India East India Company Dominates Officially controlled by Unofficially The Company even Led by Staffed by The Jewel in the Crown India was considered Over 300 million people The British restricted Had to produce British Transport Trade Goods Built Most raw materials The British shipped The tea Indian goods Russian This increased Cotton production Impact Negative India lost Indians lost Emphasis Increased Positives The Sepoy Mutiny Indians Indians resented 1857 To use the cartridges Hindus Muslims Both groups were Commanders were shocked when The British reacted Those who refused May 10, 1857. Marched to From there The East India Company The Indians couldnt Muslims didnt Hindus preferred Local leaders The Sikhs also Turning Point 1858 Called British Cabinet minister Princes The British Mutiny Nationalism in India Ram Mohun Roy Well-educated Others began Nationalist groups form Indian National Congress Muslim League Wanted 1905 1911- Imperialism in Southeast Asia Europeans Dutch Expand Control Dutch East India Company Seized land To manage these colonies, Created Dutch Dutch forced British take Malaya British Took Also took Tin and rubber Chinese were encouraged So many flocked to Malaysia French Control Indochina Had been active in SE Asia since Helped 1840 Nap III Also add Called Used direct control Filled Didnt encourage Increased the production Started V Colonial impact Mixed results Economies Modernization Education Area became There are still Siam Remains Independent Siam (modern day Thailand) Lay between Siamese kings Modernized itself Started Reformed Reorganized Built Ended Because changes came from within U.S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands The Philippines change hands U.S. acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam Emilio Aguinaldo Declared independence U.S. defeated Built Businesses Hawaii Becomes a Republic 1790s 1820s by the 1850s 1890s Hawaiian sugar Business leaders This is. 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