ࡱ>  (*%&'vuwvM R bjbj== 59WWl|||||},,,,͒N7$6 V9G͒GG, :G8 ,G wD Vmm "v|t&P0 , Chapter 15: Capital Structure: Basic Concepts 15.1 a. Since Alpha Corporation is an all-equity firm, its value is equal to the market value of its outstanding shares. Alpha has 5,000 shares of common stock outstanding, worth $20 per share. Therefore, the value of Alpha Corporation is $100,000 (= 5,000 shares * $20 per share). b. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in the absence of taxes, the value of a levered firm equals the value of an otherwise identical unlevered firm. Since Beta Corporation is identical to Alpha Corporation in every way except its capital structure and neither firm pays taxes, the value of the two firms should be equal. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I (No Taxes): VL =VU Alpha Corporation, an unlevered firm, is worth $100,000 (VU). Therefore, the value of Beta Corporation (VL) is $100,000. c. The value of a levered firm equals the market value of its debt plus the market value of its equity. VL = B + S The value of Beta Corporation is $100,000 (VL), and the market value of the firms debt is $25,000 (B). The value of Betas equity is: S = VL B = $100,000 - $25,000 = $75,000 Therefore, the market value of Beta Corporations equity (S) is $75,000. d. Since the market value of Alpha Corporations equity is $100,000, it will cost $20,000 (= 0.20 * $100,000) to purchase 20% of the firms equity. Since the market value of Beta Corporations equity is $75,000, it will cost $15,000 (= 0.20 * $75,000) to purchase 20% of the firms equity. e. Since Alpha Corporation expects to earn $350,000 this year and owes no interest payments, the dollar return to an investor who owns 20% of the firms equity is expected to be $70,000 (= 0.20 * $350,000) over the next year. While Beta Corporation also expects to earn $350,000 before interest this year, it must pay 12% interest on its debt. Since the market value of Betas debt at the beginning of the year is $25,000, Beta must pay $3,000 (= 0.12 * $25,000) in interest at the end of the year. Therefore, the amount of the firms earnings available to equity holders is $347,000 (= $350,000 - $3,000). The dollar return to an investor who owns 20% of the firms equity is $69,400 (= 0.20 * $347,000). The initial cost of purchasing 20% of Alpha Corporations equity is $20,000, but the cost to an investor of purchasing 20% of Beta Corporations equity is only $15,000 (see part d). In order to purchase $20,000 worth of Alphas equity using only $15,000 of his own money, the investor must borrow $5,000 to cover the difference. The investor must pay 12% interest on his borrowings at the end of the year. Since the investor now owns 20% of Alphas equity, the dollar return on his equity investment at the end of the year is $70,000 ( = 0.20 * $350,000). However, since he borrowed $5,000 at 12% per annum, he must pay $600 (= 0.12 * $5,000) at the end of the year. Therefore, the cash flow to the investor at the end of the year is $69,400 (= $70,000 - $600). Notice that this amount exactly matches the dollar return to an investor who purchases 20% of Betas equity. Strategy Summary: Borrow $5,000 at 12%. Purchase 20% of Alphas stock for a net cost of $15,000 (= $20,000 - $5,000 borrowed). g. The equity of Beta Corporation is riskier. Beta must pay off its debt holders before its equity holders receive any of the firms earnings. If the firm does not do particularly well, all of the firms earnings may be needed to repay its debt holders, and equity holders will receive nothing. 15.2 a. A firms debt-equity ratio is the market value of the firms debt divided by the market value of a firms equity. The market value of Acetates debt $10 million, and the market value of Acetates equity is $20 million. Debt-Equity Ratio = Market Value of Debt / Market Value of Equity = $10 million / $20 million = Therefore, Acetates Debt-Equity Ratio is . In the absence of taxes, a firms weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is equal to: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS where B = the market value of the firms debt S = the market value of the firms equity rB = the pre-tax cost of a firms debt rS = the cost of a firms equity. In this problem: B = $10,000,000 S = $20,000,000 rB = 14% The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) must be used to calculate the cost of Acetates equity (rS) According to the CAPM: rS = rf + bS{E(rm)  rf} where rf = the risk-free rate of interest E(rm) = the expected rate of return on the market portfolio bS = the beta of a firm s equity In this problem: rf = 8% E(rm) = 18% bS = 0.9 Therefore, the cost of Acetate s equity is: rS = rf + bS{E(rm)  rf} = 0.08 + 0.9( 0.18  0.08) = 0.17 The cost of Acetate s equity (rS) is 17%. Acetate s weighted average cost of capital equals: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = ($10 million / $30 million)(0.14) + ($20 million / $30 million)(0.17) = (1/3)(0.14) + (2/3)(0.17) = 0.16 Therefore, Acetates weighted average cost of capital is 16%. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (No Taxes): rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB) where r0 = the cost of capital for an all-equity firm rS = the cost of equity for a levered firm rB = the pre-tax cost of debt In this problem: rS = 0.17 rB = 0.14 B = $10,000,000 S = $20,000,000 Thus: 0.17 = r0 + (1/2)(r0 0.14) Solving for r0: r0 = 0.16 Therefore, the cost of capital for an otherwise identical all-equity firm is 16%. This is consistent with Modigliani-Millers proposition that, in the absence of taxes, the cost of capital for an all-equity firm is equal to the weighted average cost of capital of an otherwise identical levered firm. 15.3 Since Unlevered is an all-equity firm, its value is equal to the market value of its outstanding shares. Unlevered has 10 million shares of common stock outstanding, worth $80 per share. Therefore, the value of Unlevered is $800 million (= 10 million shares * $80 per share). Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that, in the absence of taxes, the value of a levered firm equals the value of an otherwise identical unlevered firm. Since Levered is identical to Unlevered in every way except its capital structure and neither firm pays taxes, the value of the two firms should be equal. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I (No Taxes): VL =VU Therefore, the market value of Levered, Inc., should be $800 million also. Since Levered has 4.5 million outstanding shares, worth $100 per share, the market value of Levereds equity is $450 million. The market value of Levereds debt is $275 million. The value of a levered firm equals the market value of its debt plus the market value of its equity. Therefore, the current market value of Levered, Inc. is: VL = B + S = $275 million + $450 million = $725 million The market value of Levereds equity needs to be $525 million, $75 million higher than its current market value of $450 million, for MM Proposition I to hold. Since Levereds market value is less than Unlevereds market value, Levered is relatively underpriced and an investor should buy shares of the firms stock. 15.4 a. Since the market value of Knights equity is $1,714,000, 5% of the firms equity costs $85,700 (= 0.05 * $1,714,000). Since the market value of Veblens equity is $2,400,000, 5% of the firms equity costs $120,000 (= 0.05 * $2,400,000). In order to compare dollar returns, the initial net cost of both positions should be the same. Therefore, the investor will borrow $34,300 (= $120,000 - $87,500) at 6% per annum when purchasing $120,000 of Veblens equity for a net cost of $85,700 (= $120,000 - $34,300). An investor who owns 5% of Knights equity will be entitled to 5% of the firms earnings available to common stock holders at the end of each year. While Knights expected operating income is $300,000, it must pay $60,000 to debt holders before distributing any of its earnings to stockholders. Knights expected earnings available to stockholders is $240,000 (= $300,000 -$60,000). Therefore, an investor who owns 5% of Knights stock expects to receive a dollar return of $12,000 (= 0.05 * $240,000) at the end of each year based on an initial net cost of $85,700. An investor who owns 5% of Veblens equity will be entitled to 5% of the firms earnings at the end of each year. Since Veblen is an all-equity firm, it owes none of its money to debt holders and can distribute all $300,000 of its earnings to stockholders. An investor who owns 5% of Veblens equity will expect to receive a dollar return of $15,000 at the end of each year. However, since this investor borrowed $34,300 at 6% per annum in order to fund his equity purchase, he owes $2,058 (= 0.06 * $34,300) in interest payments at the end of each year. This reduces his expected net dollar return to $12,942 (= $15,000 - $2,058). Therefore, an investor who borrows $34,300 at 6% per anunm in order to purchase 5% of Veblens stock will expect to receive a dollar return of $12,942 at the end of the year for an initial net cost of $85,700. For a net cost of $85,700, purchasing 5% of Veblens equity yields a higher expected dollar return than purchasing 5% of Knights equity. b. Both of the above two strategies cost $85,700. Since the dollar return to the investment in Veblen is higher, all investors will choose to invest in Veblen over Knight. The process of investors purchasing Veblens equity rather than Knights will cause the market value of Veblens equity to rise and the market value of Knights equity to fall. Any differences in the dollar returns to the two strategies will be eliminated, and the process will cease when the total market values of the two firms are equal. 15.5 Before the restructuring the market value of Grimsleys equity was $5,000,000 (= 100,000 shares * $50 per share). Since Grimsley issues $1,000,000 worth of debt and uses the proceeds to repurchase shares, the market value of the firms equity after the restructuring is $4,000,000 (= $5,000,000 - $1,000,000). Because the firm used the $1,000,000 to repurchase 20,000 shares, the firm has 80,000 (100,000 20,000) shares outstanding after the restructuring. Note that the market value of Grimsleys stock remains at $50 per share (= $4,000,000 / 80,000 shares). This is consistent with Modigliani and Millers theory. Since Ms. Hannon owned $10,000 worth of the firms stock, she owned 0.2% (= $10,000 / $5,000,000) of Grimsleys equity before the restructuring. Ms. Hannon also borrowed $2,000 at 20% per annum, resulting in $400 (= 0.20 * $2,000) of interest payments at the end of the year. Let Y equal Grimsleys earnings over the next year. Before the restructuring, Ms. Hannons payout, net of personal interest payments, at the end of the year was: (0.002)($Y) - $400 After the restructuring, the firm must pay $200,000 (= 0.20 * $1,000,000) in interest to debt holders at the end of the year before it can distribute any of its earnings to equity holders. Also, since the market value of Grimsleys equity dropped from $5,000,000 to $4,000,000, Ms. Hannons $10,000 holding of stock now represents 0.25% (= $10,000 / $4,000,000) of the firms equity. For these two reasons, Ms. Hannons payout at the end of the year will change. After the restructuring, Ms. Hannons payout at the end of the year will be: (0.0025)($Y - $200,000) - $400 which simplifies to: (0.0025)($Y) - $900 In order for the payout from her post-restructuring portfolio to match the payout from her pre-restructuring portfolio, Ms. Hannon will need to sell 0.05% (= 0.0025 0.002) of Grimsleys equity. She will then receive 0.2% of the firms earnings, just as she did before the restructuring. Ignoring any personal borrowing or lending, this will change Ms. Hannons payout at the end of the year to: (0.002)($Y - $200,000) which simplifies to: (0.002)($Y) - $400  Therefore, Ms. Hannon must sell $2,000 (= 0.0005 * $4,000,000) of Grimsleys stock and eliminate any personal borrowing in order to rebalance her portfolio. Her new financial positions are: Since Ms. Finney owned $50,000 worth of the firms stock, she owned 1% (= $50,000 / $5,000,000) of Grimsleys equity before the restructuring. Ms. Finney also lent $6,000 at 20% per annum, resulting in the receipt of $1,200 (= 0.20 * $6,000) in interest payments at the end of the year. Therefore, before the restructuring, Ms.Finneys payout, net of personal interest payments, at the end of the year was: (0.01)($Y) + $1,200 After the restructuring, the firm must pay $200,000 (= 0.20 * $1,000,000) in interest to debt holders at the end of the year before it can distribute any of its earnings to equity holders. Also, since the market value of Grimsleys equity dropped from $5,000,000 to $4,000,000, Ms. Finneys $50,000 holding of stock now represents 1.25% (= $50,000 / $4,000,000) of the firms equity. For these two reasons, Ms. Finneys payout at the end of the year will change. After the restructuring, Ms. Finneys payout at the end of the year will be: (0.0125)($Y - $200,000) + $1,200 which simplifies to: (0.0125)($Y) - $1,300 In order for the payout from her post-restructuring portfolio to match the payout from her pre-restructuring portfolio, Ms. Finney will need to sell 0.25% (= 0.0125 0.01) of Grimsleys equity. She will then receive 1% of the firms earnings, just as she did before the restructuring. Ignoring any personal borrowing or lending, this will change Ms. Finneys payout at the end of the year to: (0.01)($Y - $200,000) which simplifies to: (0.01)($Y) - $2,000 In order to receive a net cash inflow of $1,200 at the end of the year in addition to her 1% claim on Grimsleys earnings, Ms. Finney will need to receive $3,200 {= $1,200 (-$2,000)} in personal interest payments at the end of the year. Since Ms. Finney can lend at an interest rate of 20% per annum, she will need to lend $16,000 (= $3,200 / 0.20) in order to receive an interest payment of $3,200 at the end of the year. After lending $16,000 at 20% per annum, Ms. Finneys new payout at the end of the year is: (0.01)($Y - $200,000) + $3,200 which simplifies to: (0.01)($Y) + $1,200  Therefore, Ms. Finney must sell $10,000 (= 0.0025 * $4,000,000) of Grimsleys stock and add $10,000 more to her lending position in order to rebalance her portfolio. Her new financial positions are: Since Ms. Grace owned $20,000 worth of the firms stock, she owned 0.4% (= $20,000 / $5,000,000) of Grimsleys equity before the restructuring. Ms. Grace had no personal position in lending or borrowing. Therefore, before the restructuring, Ms. Graces payout at the end of the year was: (0.004)($Y) After the restructuring, the firm must pay $200,000 (= 0.20 * $1,000,000) in interest to debt holders at the end of the year before it can distribute any of its earnings to equity holders. Also, since the market value of Grimsleys equity dropped from $5,000,000 to $4,000,000, Ms. Graces $20,000 holding of stock now represents 0.5% (= $20,000 / $4,000,000) of the firms equity. For these two reasons, Ms. Graces payout at the end of the year will change. After the restructuring, Ms. Graces payout at the end of the year will be: (0.005)($Y - $200,000) which simplifies to: (0.005)($Y) - $1,000 In order for the payout from her post-restructuring portfolio to match the payout from her pre-restructuring portfolio, Ms. Grace will need to sell 0.1% (= 0.005 0.004) of Grimsleys equity. She will then receive 0.4% of the firms earnings, just as she did before the restructuring. This will change Ms. Graces payout at the end of the year to: (0.004)($Y - $200,000) which simplifies to: (0.004)($Y) - $800 In order to receive no net cash flow at the end of the year other than her 0.4% claim on Grimsleys earnings, Ms. Grace will need to receive $800 {= $0 (-$800)} in interest payments at the end of the year. Since Ms. Grace can lend at an interest rate of 20% per annum, she will need to lend $4,000 (= $800 / 0.20) in order to receive an interest payment of $800 at the end of the year. After lending $4,000 at 20% per annum, Ms.Graces new payout at the end of the year is: (0.004)($Y - $200,000) + $800 which simplifies to: (0.004)($Y)  Therefore, Ms. Grace must sell $4,000 (= 0.001 * $4,000,000) of Grimsleys stock and lend $4,000 in order to rebalance her portfolio. Her new financial positions are: 15.6 a. According to Modigliani-Miller the weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) for a levered firm is equal to the cost of equity for an unlevered firm in a world with no taxes. Since Rayburn pays no taxes, its weighted average cost of capital after the restructuring will equal the cost of the firms equity before the restructuring. Therefore, Rayburns weighted average cost of capital will be 18% after the restructuring. b. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (No Taxes): rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB) where r0 = the cost of capital for an all-equity firm rS = the cost of equity for a levered firm rB = the pre-tax cost of debt In this problem: r0 = 0.18 rB = 0.10 B = $400,000 S = $1,600,000 The cost of Rayburns equity after the restructuring is: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB) = 0.18 + ($400,000 / $1,600,000)(0.18 - 0.10) = 0.18 + (1/4)(0.18 0.10) = 0.20 Therefore, Rayburns cost of equity after the restructuring will be 20%. In accordance with Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (No Taxes), the cost of Rayburns equity will rise as the firm adds debt to its capital structure since the risk to equity holders increases with leverage. c. In the absence of taxes, a firms weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is equal to: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS where B = the market value of the firms debt S = the market value of the firms equity rB = the pre-tax cost of the firms debt rS = the cost of the firms equity. In this problem: B = $400,000 S = $1,600,000 rB = 10% rS = 20% Rayburns weighted average cost of capital after the restructuring will be: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = ( $400,000 / $2,000,000)(0.10) + ($1,600,000 / $2,000,000)(0.20) = (1/5)(0.10) + (4/5)(0.20) = 0.18 Consistent with part a, Rayburns weighted average cost of capital after the restructuring remains at 18%. 15.7 a. Strom is an all-equity firm with 250,000 shares of common stock outstanding, where each share is worth $20. Therefore, the market value of Stroms equity before the buyout is $5,000,000 (= 250,000 shares * $20 per share). Since the firm expects to earn $750,000 per year in perpetuity and the appropriate discount rate to its unlevered equity holders is 15%, the market value of Stroms assets is equal to a perpetuity of $750,000 per year, discounted at 15%. Therefore, the market value of Stroms assets before the buyout is $5,000,000 (= $750,000 / 0.15). Stroms market-value balance sheet prior to the announcement of the buyout is:  b. i. According to the efficient-market hypothesis, Stroms stock price will change immediately to reflect the NPV of the project. Since the buyout will cost Strom $300,000 but increase the firms annual earnings by $120,000 into perpetuity, the NPV of the buyout can be calculated as follows: NPVBUYOUT = -$300,000 + ($120,000 / 0.15) = $500,000 Remember that the required return on the acquired firms earnings is also 15% per annum. The market value of Stroms equity will increase immediately after the announcement to $5,500,000 (= $5,000,000 + $500,000). Since Strom has 250,000 shares of common stock outstanding and the market value of the firms equity is $5,500,000, Stroms new stock price will immediately rise to $22 per share (= $5,500,000 / 250,000 shares) after the announcement of the buyout. According to the efficient-market hypothesis, Stroms stock price will immediately rise to $22 per share after the announcement of the buyout. ii. After the announcement, Strom has 250,000 shares of common stock outstanding, worth $22 per share. Therefore, the market value of Stroms equity immediately after the announcement is $5,500,000 (= 250,000 shares * $22 per share). The NPV of the buyout is $500,000.  Stroms market-value balance sheet after the announcement of the buyout is: Strom needs to issue $300,000 worth of equity in order to fund the buyout. The market value of the firms stock is $22 per share after the announcement. Therefore, Strom will need to issue 13,636.3636 shares (= $300,000 / $22 per share) in order to fund the buyout. iv. Strom will receive $300,000 (= 13,636.3636 shares * $22 per share) in cash after the equity issue. This will increase the firms assets by $300,000. Since the firm now has 263,636.3636 (= 250,000 + 13,636.3636) shares outstanding, where each is worth $22, the market value of the firms equity increases to $5,800,000 (=263,636.3636 shares * $22 per share). Stroms market-value balance sheet after the equity issue will be:  v. When Strom makes the purchase, it will pay $300,000 in cash and receive the present value of its competitors facilities. Since these facilities will generate $120,000 of earnings forever, their present value is equal to a perpetuity of $120,000 per year, discounted at 15%. PVNEW FACILITIES = $120,000 / 0.15 = $800,000 Stroms market-value balance sheet after the buyout is:  The expected return to equity holders is the ratio of annual earnings to the market value of the firms equity. Stroms old assets generate $750,000 of earnings per year, and the new facilities generate $120,000 of earnings per year. Therefore, Stroms expected earnings will be $870,000 per year. Since the firm has no debt in its capital structure, all of these earnings are available to equity holders. The market value of Stroms equity is $5,800,000. The expected return to Stroms equity holders is 15% (= $870,000 / $5,800,000). Therefore, adding more equity to the firms capital structure does not alter the required return on the firms equity. vii. In the absence of taxes, a firms weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is equal to: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS where B = the market value of the firms debt S = the market value of the firms equity rB = the pre-tax cost of the firms debt rS = the cost of the firms equity. In this problem: B = $0 S = $5,800,000 rB = 0% rS = 15% Stroms weighted average cost of capital after the buyout is: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = ( $0/ $5,800,000)(0) + ($5,800,000 / $5,800,000)(0.15) = (1)(0.15) = 0.15 Therefore, Stroms weighted average cost of capital after the buyout is 15% if Strom issues equity to fund the purchase. c. i. After the announcement, the value of Stroms assets will increase by the $500,000, the net present value of the new facilities. Under the efficient-market hypothesis, the market value of Stroms equity will immediately rise to reflect the NPV of the new facilities. Therefore, the market value of Stroms equity will be $5,500,000 (= $5,000,000 + $500,000) after the announcement. Since the firm has 250,000 shares of common stock outstanding, Stroms new stock price will be $22 per share (= $5,500,000 / 250,000).  Stroms market-value balance sheet after the announcement is: ii. Strom will receive $300,000 in cash after the debt issue. The market value of the firms debt will be $300,000. Stroms market-value balance sheet after the debt issue will be:  iii. Strom will pay $300,000 in cash for the facilities. Since these facilities will generate $120,000 of earnings forever, their present value is equal to a perpetuity of $120,000 per year, discounted at 15%. PVNEW FACILITIES = $120,000 / 0.15 = $800,000 Stroms market-value balance sheet after the buyout will be:  iv. The expected return to equity holders is the ratio of annual earnings to the market value of the firms equity. Stroms old assets generate $750,000 of earnings per year, and the new facilities generate $120,000 of earnings per year. Therefore, Stroms earnings will be $870,000 per year. Since the firm has $300,000 worth of 10% debt in its capital structure, the firm must make $30,000 (= 0.10 * $300,000) in interest payments. Therefore, Stroms net earnings are only $840,000 (= $870,000 - $30,000). The market value of Stroms equity is $5,500,000. The expected return to Stroms equity holders is 15.27% (= $840,000 / $5,500,000). Therefore, adding more debt to the firms capital structure increases the required return on the firms equity. This is in accordance with Modigliani-Miller Proposition II. v. In the absence of taxes, a firms weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is equal to: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS where B = the market value of the firms debt S = the market value of the firms equity rB = the pre-tax cost of the firms debt rS = the cost of the firms equity. In this problem: B = $300,000 S = $5,500,000 rB = 10% rS = 15.27% Stroms weighted average cost of capital after the buyout will be: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = ( $300,000 / $5,800,000)(0.10) + ($5,500,000 / $5,800,000)(0.1527) = (3/58)(0.10) + (55/58)(0.1527) = 0.15 Therefore, Stroms weighted average cost of capital after the buyout will be 15% regardless of whether the firm issues debt or equity. 15.8 a. Without the power plant, the Gulf expects to earn $27 million per year into perpetuity. Since Gulf is an all-equity firm and the required rate of return on the firms equity is 10%, the market value of Gulfs assets is equal to the present value of a perpetuity of $27,000,000 per year, discounted at 10%. PV(Perpetuity) = C / r = $27,000,000 / 0.10 = $270,000,000 Therefore, the market value of Gulfs assets before the firm announces that it will build a new power plant is $270,000,000. Since Gulf is an all-equity firm, the market value of Gulfs equity is also $270,000,000. Gulfs market-value balance sheet before the announcement of the buyout is made is:  Since the market value of Gulfs equity is $270 million and the firm has 10 million shares outstanding, Gulfs stock price before the announcement to build the new power plant is $27 per share (= $270 million / 10 million shares). b. i. According to the efficient-market hypothesis, the market value of Gulfs equity will change immediately to reflect the net present value of the project. Since the new power plant will cost Gulf $20 million but will increase the firms annual earnings by $3 million in perpetuity, the NPV of the new power plant can be calculated as follows: NPVNEW POWER PLANT = -$20 million + ($3 million/ 0.10) = $10 million Remember that the required return on the firms equity is 10% per annum. Therefore, the market value of Gulfs equity will increase to $280 million (= $270 million + $10 million) immediately after the announcement. Gulfs market-value balance sheet after the announcement will be:  Since Gulf has 10 million shares of common stock outstanding and the total market value of the firms equity is $280 million , Gulfs new stock price will immediately rise to $28 per share (= $280 million / 10 million shares) after the firms announcement. ii. Gulf needs to issue $20 million worth of equity in order to fund the construction of the power plant. The market value of the firms stock will be $28 per share after the announcement. Therefore, Gulf will need to issue 714,285.71 shares (= $20 million / $28 per share) in order to fund the construction of the power plant. iii. Gulf will receive $20 million (= 714,285.71 shares * $28 per share) in cash after the equity issue. Since the firm now has 10,714,285.71 (= 10 million + 714,285.71) shares outstanding, where each share is worth $28, the market value of the firms equity increases to $300,000,000 (=10,714,285.71 shares * $28 per share). Gulfs market-value balance sheet after the equity issue will be:  iv. Gulf will pay $20,000,000 in cash for the power plant. Since the plant will generate $3 million in annual earnings forever, its present value is equal to a perpetuity of $3 million per year, discounted at 10%. PVNEW POWER PLANT = $3 million / 0.10 = $30 million Gulfs market-value balance sheet after the construction of the power plant will be:  v. Since Gulf is an all-equity firm, its value will equal the market value of its equity. Therefore, the value of Gulf Power will be $300 million if the firm issues equity to finance the construction of the power plant. c. i. Under the efficient-market hypothesis, the market value of the firms equity will immediately rise by $10 million following the announcement to reflect the NPV of the power plant. Therefore, the total market value of Gulfs equity will be $280 million (= $270 million + $10 million) after the firms announcement. Gulfs market-value balance sheet after the announcement will be:  Since the firm has 10 million shares of common stock outstanding, Gulfs new stock price will be $28 per share (= $280 million / 10 million shares). ii. Gulf will receive $20 million in cash after the debt issue. The market value of the firms debt will be $20 million. Gulfs market-value balance sheet after the debt issue will be:  iii. Gulf will pay $20 million in cash for the power plant. Since the plant will generate $3 million of earnings forever, its present value is equal to a perpetuity of $3 million per year, discounted at 10%. PVPOWER PLANT = $3 million / 0.10 = $30 million Gulfs market-value balance sheet after it builds the new power plant is:  iv. The value of a levered firm is the sum of the market values of the firms debt and equity. Since the market value of Gulfs debt will be $20 million and the market value of Gulfs equity will be $280 million, the value of Gulf Power will be $300 million if the firm decides to issue debt in order to fund the outlay for the power plant. Therefore, the value of Gulf Power will be $300 million regardless of whether the firm issues debt or equity to fund the construction of the new power plant. v. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (No Taxes): rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB) where r0 = the required return on an unlevered firms equity rS = the required return on a firms equity rB = the required return on a firms debt In this problem: r0 = 0.10 rB = 0.08 B = $20 million S = $280 million The required return on Gulfs levered equity is: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB) = 0.10 + ($20 million / $280 million)(0.10 - 0.08) = 0.10 + (1/14)(0.10 0.08) = 10.14% Therefore, the required return on Gulfs levered equity is 10.14%. vi. In the absence of taxes, a firms weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is equal to: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS where B = the market value of the firms debt S = the market value of the firms equity rB = the required return on the firms debt rS = the required return on the firms equity. In this problem: B = $20 million S = $280 million rB = 8% rS = 10.14% Gulfs weighted average cost of capital after the construction of the new power plant is: rwacc = {B / (B+S)} rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = ( $20 million / $300 million)(0.08) + ($280 million / $300 million)(0.1014) = (1/15)(0.08) + (14/15)(0.1014) = 0.10 Therefore, Gulfs weighted average cost of capital will be 10% following either debt or equity financing. 15.9 a. False. A reduction in leverage will decrease both the risk of the stock and its expected return. Modigliani and Miller state that, in the absence of taxes, these two effects exactly cancel each other out and leave the price of the stock and the overall value of the firm unchanged. b. False. Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (No Taxes) states that the required return on a firms equity is positively related to the firms debt-equity ratio [rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)]. Therefore, any increase in the amount of debt in a firms capital structure will increase the required return on the firms equity. 15.10 Assumptions of the Modigliani-Miller theory in a world without taxes: Individuals can borrow at the same interest rate at which the firm borrows. Since investors can purchase securities on margin, an individuals effective interest rate is probably no higher than that for a firm. Therefore, this assumption is reasonable when applying MMs theory to the real world. If a firm were able to borrow at a rate lower than individuals, the firms value would increase through corporate leverage. As MM Proposition I states, this is not the case in a world with no taxes. There are no taxes. In the real world, firms do pay taxes. In the presence of corporate taxes, the value of a firm is positively related to its debt level. Since interest payments are deductible, increasing debt reduces taxes and raises the value of the firm. There are no costs of financial distress. In the real world, costs of financial distress can be substantial. Since stockholders eventually bear these costs, there are incentives for a firm to lower the amount of debt in its capital structure. This topic will be discussed in more detail in later chapters. 15.11 a. Since Digital has 1 million shares of common stock outstanding, with each share worth $10, the value of the firms equity is $10 million (= 1 million shares * $10 per share). Therefore, 1% of the firms equity costs $100,000 (= 0.01 * $10 million). If Michael borrows 20% of the cost, it will cost him $80,000, net of debt, to purchase 1% of Digitals equity. If Michael borrows 40% of the cost, it will cost him $60,000, net of debt, to purchase 1% of Digitals equity. If Michael borrows 60% of the cost, it will cost him $40,000, net of debt, to purchase 1% of Digitals equity. b. Since Michael purchased 1% of the Digitals equity, he has a right to 1% of the firms annual earnings. Since the firm is expected to generate $1,500,000 of earnings per year, Michael will receive a cash inflow of $15,000. If Michael wishes to borrow 20% of the purchase price of his investment, he will need to borrow $20,000 (= 0.20 * $100,000) and fund $80,000 of the purchase on his own. Since the interest rate on this debt is 10% per annum, Michael will owe $2,000 (= 0.10 * $20,000) in interest payments at the end of the year. Therefore, if Michael borrows 20% of the purchase price, the expected return on his investment will be 16.25% [= ($15,000 - $2,000) / $80,000]. If Michael wishes to borrow 40% of the purchase price of his investment, he will need to borrow $40,000 (= 0.40 * $100,000) and fund $60,000 of the purchase on his own. Since the interest rate on this debt is 10% per annum, Michael will owe $4,000 (= 0.10 * $40,000) in interest payments at the end of the year. Therefore, if Michael borrows 40% of the purchase price, the expected return on his investment will be 18.33% [= ($15,000 - $4,000) / $60,000]. If Michael wishes to borrow 60% of the purchase price of his investment, he will need to borrow $60,000 (= 0.60 * $100,000) and fund $40,000 of the purchase on his own. Since the interest rate on this debt is 10% per annum, Michael will owe $6,000 (= 0.10 * $60,000) in interest payments at the end of the year. Therefore, if Michael borrows 60% of the purchase price, the expected return on his investment will be 22.50% [= ($15,000 - $6,000) / $40,000]. 15.12 a. Before the announcement of the stock repurchase plan, the market value of the Locomotives outstanding debt is $7.5 million. The ratio of the market value of the firms debt to the market value of the firms equity is 40%. The market value of Locomotives equity can be calculated as follows: Since B = $7.5 million and B/S = 40%: ($7.5 million / S) = 0.40 S = $18.75 million The market value of the firms equity prior to the announcement is $18.75 million. The value of a levered firm is equal to the sum of the market value of the firms debt and the market value of the firms equity. The market value of Locomotive Corporation, a levered firm, is: VL = B + S = $7.5 million + $18.75 million = $26.25 million Therefore, the market value of Locomotive Corporation is $26.25 million prior to the stock repurchase announcement. According to MM Proposition I (No Taxes), changes in a firms capital structure have no effect on the overall value of the firm. Therefore, the value of the firm will not change after the announcement of the stock repurchase plan The market value of Locomotive Corporation will remain at $26.25 million after the stock repurchase announcement. b. The expected return on a firms equity is the ratio of annual earnings to the market value of the firms equity. Locomotive expects to generate $3.75 million in earnings per year. Before the restructuring, Locomotive has $7.5 million of 10% debt outstanding. The firm was scheduled to pay $750,000 (= $7.5 million * 0.10) in interest at the end of each year. Therefore, annual earnings before the stock repurchase announcement are $3,000,000 (= $3,750,000 - $750,000). Since the market value of the firms equity before the announcement is $18.75 million, the expected return on the firms levered equity (rS) before the announcement is 0.16 (= $3 million / $18.75 million). The expected return on Locomotives levered equity is 16% before the stock repurchase plan is announced. c. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (No Taxes): rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB) where r0 = the expected return on the assets of an all-equity firm rS = the expected return on the equity of a levered firm rB = the pre-tax cost of debt In this problem: rS = 0.16 rB = 0.10 B = $7.5 million S = $18.75 million Thus: 0.16 = r0 + ($7.5 million / $18.75 million)(r0 0.10) 0.16 = r0 + (0.40)(r0 0.10) Solving for r0: r0 = 0.1429 Therefore, the expected return on the equity of an otherwise identical all-equity firm is 14.29%. This problem can also be solved in the following way: r0 = Earnings Before Interest / VU Locomotive generates $3,750,000 of earnings before interest. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition I, in a world with no taxes, the value of a levered firm equals the value of an otherwise-identical unlevered firm. Since the value of Locomotive as a levered firm is $26.25 million (= $7.5 + $18.75) and since the firm pays no taxes, the value of Locomotive as an unlevered firm (VU) is also $26.25 million. r0 = $3.75 million / $26.25 million = 0.1429 = 14.29% d. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II (No Taxes): rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB) where r0 = the expected return on the assets of an all-equity firm rS = the expected return on the equity of a levered firm rB = the pre-tax cost of debt for a levered firm Notice that the term (B/S) represents the firms debt-to-equity ratio. After the stock repurchase announcement, the firms expected debt-to-equity ratio changes from 40% to 50%. As shown in part c, the expected return on the equity of an otherwise identical all-equity firm is 14.29%. To determine the expected return on Locomotives equity after the stock repurchase announcement, the appropriate variables are: r0 = 0.1429 rB = 0.10 B/S = 0.50 The expected return on Locomotives levered equity after the stock repurchase announcement is: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB) = 0.1429+ (0.50)(0.1429 0.10) = 0.1644 Therefore, the expected return on Locomotives equity is 16.44% after the stock repurchase announcement. 15.13 a. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in a world with corporate taxes: VL = VU + TCB where VL = the value of a levered firm VU = the value of an unlevered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the value of debt in a firms capital structure In this problem: VL = $1,700,000 B = $500,000 TC = 0.34 If the firm were financed entirely by equity, the value of the firm would be: VU = VL - TCB = $1,700,000 (0.34)($500,000) = $1,530,000 Therefore, the value of this firm would be $1,530,000 if it were financed entirely by equity. b. While the firm generates $306,000 of annual earnings before interest and taxes, it must make interest payments of $50,000 (= $500,000 * 0.10). Interest payments reduce the firms taxable income. Therefore, the firms pre-tax earnings are $256,000 (= $306,000 - $50,000). Since the firm is in the 34% tax bracket, it must pay taxes of $87,040 (= 0.34 * $256,000) at the end of each year.  Therefore, the amount of the firms annual after-tax earnings is $168,960 (= $256,000 - $87,040). These earnings are available to the stockholders. The following table summarizes this solution: 15.14 Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in a world with corporate taxes: VL = VU + TCB where VL = the value of a levered firm VU = the value of an unlevered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the value of debt in a firms capital structure Since the firm is an all-equity firm with 175,000 shares of common stock outstanding, currently worth $20 per share, the market value of this unlevered firm (VU) is $3,500,000 (= 175,000 shares * $20 per share). The firm plans to issue $1,000,000 debt and is subject to a corporate tax rate of 30%. In this problem: VU = $3,500,000 TC = 0.30 B = $1,000,000 The market value of a levered firm is: VL = VU + TCB = $3,500,000 + (0.30)($1,000,000) = $3,800,000 The value of a levered firm is equal to the sum of the market value of its debt and the market value of its equity. That is, the value of a levered firm is: VL = S + B Rearranging this equation, the market value of the firms levered equity, S, is: S = VL B = $3,800,000 - $1,000,000 = $2,800,000 Therefore, the market value of the firms equity is $2,800,000 after the firm announces the stock repurchase plan. 15.15 a. The value of an all-equity firm is the present value of its after-tax expected earnings: VU = [(EBIT)(1-TC)] / r0 where VU = the value of an unlevered firm EBIT = the firms expected annual earnings before interest and taxes TC = the corporate tax rate r0 = the after-tax required rate of return on an all-equity firm In this problem: EBIT = $2,500,000 TC = 0.34 r0 = 0.20 The value of Strider Publishing is: VU = [(EBIT)(1-TC)] / r0 = [($2,500,000)(1 - 0.34)] / 0.20 = $8,250,000 Therefore, the value of Strider Publishing as an all-equity firm is $8,250,000. b. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in a world with corporate taxes: VL = VU + TCB where VL = the value of a levered firm VU = the value of an unlevered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the value of debt in a firms capital structure In this problem: VU = $8,250,000 TC = 0.34 B = $600,000 The value of Strider Publishing will be: VL = VU + TCB = $8,250,000 + (0.34)($600,000) = $8,454,000 Therefore, the value of Strider Publishing Company will be $8,454,000 if it issues $600,000 of debt and repurchases stock. c. Since interest payments are tax deductible, debt lowers the firms taxable income and creates a tax shield for the firm. This tax shield increases the value of the firm. The Modigliani-Miller assumptions in a world with corporate taxes are: There are no personal taxes. There are no costs of financial distress. The debt level of a firm is constant through time. Both personal taxes and costs of financial distress will be covered in more detail in a later chapter. 15.16 a. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in a world with corporate taxes: VL = VU + TCB where VL = the value of a levered firm VU = the value of an unlevered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the value of debt in a firms capital structure The value of an unlevered firm is the present value of its after-tax earnings: VU = [(EBIT)(1-TC)] / r0 where VU = the value of an unlevered firm EBIT = the firms expected annual earnings before interest and taxes TC = the corporate tax rate r0 = the after-tax required rate of return on an all-equity firm In this problem: EBIT = $1,200,000 TC = 0.35 r0 = 0.12 The value of Gibson as an unlevered firm: VU = [(EBIT)(1-TC)] / r0 = [($1,200,000)(1 - 0.35)] / 0.12 = $6,500,000 The value of Gibson if it were an all-equity firm is $6,500,000. Since Gibsons pre-tax cost of debt is 8% per annum and the firm makes interest payments of $200,000 per year, the value of the firms debt must be $2,500,000 (= $200,000 / 0.08). As a check, notice that 8% annual interest on $2,500,000 of debt yields $200,000 (= 0.08 * $2,500,000) of interest payments per year. The current value of Gibsons debt is $2,500,000. Thus: VU = $6,500,000 TC = 0.35 B = $2,500,000 The total market value of Gibson is: VL = VU + TCB = $6,500,000 + (0.35)($2,500,000) = $7,375,000 Therefore, the total market value of Gibson is $7,375,000. If there are no costs of financial distress or bankruptcy, increasing the level of debt in a firms capital structure will always increase the value of a firm. This implies that every firm will want to be financed entirely (100%) by debt if it wishes to maximize its value. This conclusion is not applicable in the real world since it does not consider costs of financial distress, bankruptcy, or other agency costs that might offset the benefit of increased leverage. These costs will be discussed in further detail in later chapters. 15.17 a. The expected return on a firms equity is the ratio of annual after-tax earnings to the market value of the firms equity. Green expects $1,500,000 of pre-tax earnings per year. Because the firm is subject to a corporate tax rate of 40%, it must pay $600,000 worth of taxes every year. Since the firm has no debt in its capital structure and makes no interest payments, Greens annual after-tax expected earnings are $900,000 (= $1,500,000 - $600,000). The market value of Greens equity is $10,000,000. Therefore, the expected return on Greens unlevered equity is 9% (= $900,000 / $10,000,000). Notice that perpetual annual earnings of $900,000, discounted at 9%, yields a market value of the firms equity of $10,000,000 (= $900,000 / 0.09). Green is an all-equity firm. The present value of the firms after-tax earnings is $10,000,000 {= ($1,500,000 - $600,000) / 0.09}. Greens market-value balance sheet before the announcement of the debt issue is: Since the market value of Greens equity is $10,000,000 and the firm has 500,000 shares of common stock outstanding, the price of Greens stock is $20 per share (= $10,000,000 / 500,000 shares) before the announcement of the debt issue. c. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in a world with corporate taxes: VL = VU + TCB where VL = the value of a levered firm VU = the value of an unlevered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the value of debt in a firms capital structure When Green announces the debt issue, the value of the firm will increase by the present value of the tax shield on the debt. Since Green plans to issue $2,000,000 of debt and the firm is subject to a corporate tax rate of 40%, the present value of the firms tax shield is: PV(Tax Shield) = TCB = (0.40)($2,000,000) = $800,000 Therefore, the value of Green Manufacturing will increase by $800,000 as a result of the debt issue. The value of Green Manufacturing after the repurchase announcement is: VL = VU + TCB = $10,000,000 + (0.40)($2,000,000) = $10,800,000 Since the firm has not yet issued any debt, Greens equity is also worth $10,800,000.  Greens market-value balance sheet after the announcement of the debt issue is: d. Since the market value of Greens equity after the announcement of the debt issue is $10,800,000 and the firm has 500,000 shares of common stock outstanding, the price of Greens stock is $21.60 per share (= $10,800,000 / 500,000 shares) after the announcement of the debt issue. Therefore, immediately after the repurchase announcement, Greens stock price will rise to $21.60 per share. e. Green will issue $2,000,000 worth of debt and use the proceeds to repurchase shares of common stock. Since the price of Greens stock after the announcement will be $21.60 per share, Green can repurchase 92,592.59 shares (= $2,000,000 / $21.60 per share) as a result of the debt issue. Green will repurchase 92,592.59 shares with the proceeds from the debt issue. Since Green had 500,000 shares of common stock outstanding and repurchased 92,592.59 as a result of the debt issue, the firm will have 407,407.41(= 500,000 92,592.59) shares of common stock outstanding after the repurchase. Green will have 407,407.41 shares of common stock outstanding after the repurchase. f. After the restructuring has taken place, Green will have $2,000,000 worth of debt in its capital structure. The value of Green after the restructuring is $10,800,000. The value of a levered firm is equal to the sum of the market value of its debt and the market value of its equity. That is, the value of a levered firm is: VL = S + B Rearranging this equation, the market value of the Greens levered equity after the announcement of the debt issue is: S = VL B = $10,800,000 - $2,000,000 = $8,800,000 Greens market-value balance sheet after the restructuring is:  Since the market value of Greens equity after the restructuring is $8,800,000 and the firm has 407,407.41 shares of common stock outstanding, the price of Greens stock will be $21.60 per share (= $8,800,000 / 407,407.41 shares) after the restructuring. Therefore, Greens stock price will remain at $21.60 per share after the restructuring has taken place. g. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)(1 TC) where r0 = the required return on the equity of an unlevered firm rS = the required return on the equity of a levered firm rB = the pre-tax cost of debt for a levered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the market value of the firms debt S = the market value of the firms equity In this problem: r0 = 0.09 (see part a) rB = 0.06 TC = 0.40 B = $2,000,000 S = $8,800,000 The required return on Greens levered equity after the restructuring is: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)(1 TC) = 0.09 + ($2,000,000 / $8,800,000)(0.09 0.06)(1 0.40) = 0.09 + (5/22)(0.09-0.06)(1 0.40) = 0.941 Therefore, the required return on Greens levered equity after the restructuring is 9.41%. 15.18 a. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in a world with corporate taxes: VL = VU + TCB where VL = the value of a levered firm VU = the value of an unlevered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the value of debt in a firms capital structure The value of an unlevered firm is the present value of its after-tax earnings: VU = [(EBIT)(1-TC)] / r0 where VU = the value of an unlevered firm EBIT = the firms expected annual earnings before interest and taxes TC = the corporate tax rate r0 = the after-tax required rate of return on an all-equity firm In this problem: EBIT = $4,000,000 TC = 0.35 r0 = 0.15 The value of Holland if it were unlevered is: VU = [(EBIT)(1-TC)] / r0 = [($4,000,000)(1 - 0.35)] / 0.15 = $17, 333, 333 The value of Holland if it were an all-equity firm is $17,333,333. Holland currently has $10,000,000 of debt in its capital structure and is subject to a corporate tax rate of 35%. Thus: VU = $17,333,333 TC = 0.35 B = $10,000,000 The value of Holland is: VL = VU + TCB = $17,333,333+ (0.35)($10,000,000) = $20,833,333 Therefore, the value of Holland is $20,833,333. b. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)(1 TC) where r0 = the required return on the equity of an unlevered firm rS = the required return on the equity of a levered firm rB = the pre-tax cost of debt TC = the corporate tax rate B = the market value of the firms debt S = the market value of the firms equity In this problem: r0 = 0.15 rB = 0.10 TC = 0.35 B = $10,000,000 S = $10,833,833 The required return on Hollands levered equity is: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)(1 TC) = 0.15 + ($10,000,000 / $10,833,833)(0.15 0.10)(1 0.35) = 0.15 + (0.9230)(0.15-0.10)(1 0.30) = 0.18 Therefore, the cost of Hollands levered equity is 18%. c. In a world with corporate taxes, a firms weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is equal to: rwacc = {B / (B+S)}(1 TC) rB + {S / (B+S)}rS where B = the market value of the firms debt S = the market value of the firms equity rB = the required return on the firms debt rS = the required return on the firms equity. TC = the corporate tax rate The value of Hollands debt is $10,000,000. Since the value of the firm ($20,833,833) is the sum of the value of the firms debt and the value of the firms equity, the market value of the firms equity is $10,833,833 (= $20,833,833 - $10,000,000). Thus: B = $10,000,000 S = $10,833,833 rB = 0.10 rS = 0.18 TC = 0.35 Hollands weighted average cost of capital is: rwacc = {B / (B+S)}(1 TC) rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = ($10,000,000 / $20,833,833)(1 0.35)(0.10) + ($10,833,833 / $20,833,833)(0.18) = (0.48)(1 0.35)(0.10) + (0.52)(0.18) = 0.1248 Therefore, Hollands weighted average cost of capital is 12.48%. 15.19 a. In a world with corporate taxes, a firms weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is equal to: rwacc = {B / (B+S)}(1 TC) rB + {S / (B+S)}rS where B / (B+S) = the firms debt-to-value ratio S / (B+S) = the firms equity-to-value ratio rB = the pre-tax cost of debt rS = the cost of equity for a levered firm. TC = the corporate tax rate While the problem does not list Williamsons debt-to-value ratio or Williamsons equity-to-value ratio, it does say that the firms debt-to-equity ratio is 2.5. If Williamsons debt-to-equity ratio is 2.5: B / S = 2.5 Solving for B: B = (2.5 * S) The above formula for rwacc uses the following ratio: B / (B+S) Since B = (2.5 * S): B/ (B+S) = (2.5 * S) / { (2.5 * S) + S} = (2.5 * S) / (3.5 * S) = (2.5 / 3.5) = 0.7143 Williamsons debt-to-value ratio is 71.43% The above formula for rwacc also uses the following ratio: S / (B+S) Since B = (2.5 * S): Williamsons equity-to-value ratio = S / {(2.5*S) + S} = S / (3.5 * S) = (1 / 3.5) = 0.2857 Williamsons equity-to-value ratio is 28.57%. In order to solve for the cost of Williamsons equity capital (rS), set up the following equation: rwacc = {B / (B+S)}(1 TC) rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = (0.7143)(1 0.35)(0.10) + (0.2857)(rS) rS = 0.3625 Therefore, the cost of Williamsons equity capital is 36.25%. b. According to Modigliani-Miller Proposition II with corporate taxes: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)(1 TC) where r0 = the cost of equity for an unlevered firm rS = the cost of equity for a levered firm rB = the pre-tax cost of debt TC = the corporate tax rate B/S = the firms debt-to-equity ratio In this problem: rS = 0.3625 rB = 0.10 TC = 0.35 B/S = 2.5 In order to solve for the cost of Williamsons unlevered equity (r0), set up the following equation: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)(1 TC) 0.3625 = r0 + (2.5)(r0 0.10)(1 0.35) r0 = 0.20 Therefore, Williamsons unlevered cost of equity is 20%. c. If Williamsons debt-to-equity ratio is 0.75, the cost of the firms equity capital (rS) will be: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)(1 TC) = 0.20 + (0.75)(0.20 0.10)(1 0.35) = 0.2488 If Williamsons debt-to-equity ratio is 0.75: B / S = 0.75 Solving for B: B = (0.75 * S) A firms debt-to-value ratio is: B / (B+S) Since B = (0.75 * S): Williamsons debt-to-value ratio = (0.75 * S) / { (0.75 * S) + S} = (0.75 * S) / (1.75 * S) = (0.75 / 1.75) = 0.4286 Williamsons debt-to-value ratio is 42.86% A firms equity-to-value ratio is: S / (B+S) Since B = (0.75 * S): Williamsons equity-to-value ratio = S / {(0.75*S) + S} = S / (1.75 * S) = (1 / 1.75) = 0.5714 Williamsons equity-to-value ratio is 57.14%. Williamsons weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is: rwacc = {B / (B+S)}(1 TC) rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = (0.4286)(1 0.35)(0.10) + (0.5714)(0.2488) = 0.17 Therefore, Williamsons weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is 17% if the firms debt-to-equity ratio is 0.75. If Williamsons debt-to-equity ratio is 1.5, then the cost of the firms equity capital (rS) will be: rS = r0 + (B/S)(r0 rB)(1 TC) = 0.20 + (1.5)(0.20 0.10)(1 0.35) = 0.2975 If Williamsons debt-equity ratio is 1.5: B / S = 1.5 Solving for B: B = (1.5 * S) A firms debt-to-value ratio is: B / (B+S) Since B = (1.5 * S): Williamsons debt-to-value ratio = (1.5 * S) / { (1.5 * S) + S} = (1.5 * S) / (2.5 * S) = (1.5 / 2.5) = 0.60 Williamsons debt-to-value ratio is 60% A firms equity-to-value ratio is: S / (B+S) Since B = (1.5 * S): Williamsons equity-to-value ratio = S / {(1.5*S) + S} = S / (2.5 * S) = (1 / 2.5) = 0.40 Williamsons equity-to-value ratio is 40%. Williamsons weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is: rwacc = {B / (B+S)}(1 TC) rB + {S / (B+S)}rS = (0.60)(1 0.35)(0.10) + (0.40)(0.2975) = 0.158 Therefore, Williamsons weighted average cost of capital (rwacc) is 15.8% if the firms debt-to-equity ratio is 1.5. 15.20 a. The value of an unlevered firm is the present value of its after-tax earnings: VU = [(EBIT)(1-TC)] / r0 where VU = the value of an unlevered firm EBIT = the firms expected annual earnings before interest and taxes TC = the corporate tax rate r0 = the after-tax required rate of return on an all-equity firm In this problem: EBIT = $100,000 TC = 0.40 r0 = 0.25 The value of General Tools (GT) as an unlevered firm is: VU = [(EBIT)(1-TC)] / r0 = [($100,000)(1 - 0.40)] / 0.25 = $240,000 The value of General Tools is $240,000 as an all-equity firm. b. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in a world with corporate taxes: VL = VU + TCB where VL = the value of a levered firm VU = the value of an unlevered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the value of debt in a firms capital structure In this problem: VU = $240,000 TC = 0.40 B = $100,000 If GT borrows $100,000 and uses the proceeds to purchase shares, the firms value will be: VL = VU + TCB = $240,000 + (0.40)($100,000) = $280,000 Therefore, the value of General Tools will be $280,000 if the firm adds $100,000 of debt to its capital structure. 15.21 a. If Stephenson wishes to maximize the overall value of the firm, it should use debt to finance the $100 million purchase. Since interest payments are tax deductible, debt in the firms capital structure will decrease the firms taxable income, creating a tax shield that will increase the overall value of the firm. Since Stephenson is an all-equity firm with 15 million shares of common stock outstanding, worth $32.50 per share, the market value of the firm is $487.5 million (= 15 million shares * $32.50 per share).  Stephensons market-value balance sheet before the announcement of the land purchase is: c. i. As a result of the purchase, the firms pre-tax earnings will increase by $25 million per year in perpetuity. These earnings are taxed at a rate of 40%. Therefore, after taxes, the purchase increases the annual expected earnings of the firm by $15 million {($25 million)(1 - 0.40)}. Since Stephenson is an all-equity firm, the appropriate discount rate is the firms unlevered cost of equity capital (r0), which is 12.5%. NPV(Purchase) = - $100,000,000 + {($25,000,000)(1 0.40) / 0.125} = - $100,000,000 + ($15 million / 0.125) = $20,000,000 Therefore, the net present value of the land purchase is $20 million. ii. After the announcement, the value of Stephenson will increase by $20 million, the net present value of the purchase. Under the efficient-market hypothesis, the market value of the firms equity will immediately rise to reflect the NPV of the project. Therefore, the market value of Stephensons equity will be $507.5 million (= $487.5 million + $20 million) after the firms announcement. Stephenson s market-value balance sheet after the announcement is:  Since the market value of the firms equity is $507.5 million and the firm has 15 million shares of common stock outstanding, Stephensons stock price after the announcement will be $33.83 per share (= $507.5 million / 15 million shares). Stephensons stock price after the announcement is $33.83 per share. Since Stephenson must raise $100 million to finance the purchase and the firms stock is worth $33.83 per share, Stephenson must issue 2,955,956 shares ( = $100 million / $33.83 per share) in order to finance the purchase. Stephenson must issue 2,955,956 shares in order to finance the initial outlay for the purchase. iii. Stephenson will receive $100 million (= 2,955,956 shares * $33.83 per share) in cash as a result of the equity issue. This will increase the firms assets and equity by $100 million. Stephensons market-value balance sheet after the equity issue is:  Since Stephenson issued 2,955,956 shares in order to finance the purchase, the firm now has 17,955,956 (= 15,000,000 + 2,955,956) shares outstanding. Stephenson will have 17,955,956 shares of common stock outstanding after the equity issue. Since the market value of the firms equity is $607.5 million and the firm has 17,955,956 shares of common stock outstanding, Stephensons stock price after the equity issue will be $33.83 per share (= $607.5 million / 17,955,956 million shares). Stephensons stock price after the equity issue remains at $33.83 per share. iv. The project will generate $25 million of additional annual pre-tax earnings forever. These earnings will be taxed at a rate of 40%. Therefore, after taxes, the project increases the annual earnings of the firm by $15 million {=($25 million)(1 - 0.40)}. The present value of these cash flows is equal to a perpetuity making annual payments of $15 million, discounted at 12.5%. PVPROJECT = $15 million / 0.125 = $120 million Stephensons market-value balance sheet after the purchase has been made is:  d. i. Modigliani-Miller Proposition I states that in a world with corporate taxes: VL = VU + TCB where VL = the value of a levered firm VU = the value of an unlevered firm TC = the corporate tax rate B = the value of debt in a firms capital structure As was shown in part c, Stephenson will be worth $607.5 million if it finances the purchase with equity. If it were to finance the initial outlay of the project with debt, the firm would have $100 million worth of 8% debt outstanding. Thus: VU = $607.5 million TC = 0.40 B = $100 million If Stephenson chooses to finance the purchase using debt, the firms market value will be: VL = VU + TCB = $607.5 million + (0.40)($100 million) = $647.5 million Therefore, Stephenson will be worth $647.5 million if it chooses to finance the purchase with debt. ii. After the announcement, the value of Stephenson will immediately rise by the PV of the project. Since the market value of the firms debt is $100 million and the value of the firm is $647.5 million, the market value of Stephensons equity must be $547.5 million (= $647.5 million - $100 million). Stephensons market-value balance sheet after the debt issue is:  Since the market value of the Stephensons equity is $547.5 million and the firm has 15 million shares of common stock outstanding, Stephensons stock price after the debt issue will be $36.50 per share (= $547.5 million / 15 million shares). Stephensons stock price after the debt issue will be $36.50 per share. e. If Stephenson uses equity in order to finance the project, the firms stock price will remain at $33.83 per share. If the firm uses debt in order to finance the project, the firms stock price will rise to $36.50 per share. Therefore, debt financing maximizes the per share stock price of a firms equity.  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PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@emȳ՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets @Ba= =x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "  "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3`i#VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLending [ @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I        VeblenKnight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! 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Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I      Value of TotalTotal Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms. Hannon@@@ Ms. Finneyj@p@ Ms. Grace@ Value of TotalTotal Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending  Ms. Finney @@@   Value of  Total Total   Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending  Ms. Hannon @@ Value of TotalTotal Grimsley Shares BorrowingLendingMs.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%"??U>@7 Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@ɳ՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3  WorksheetsDocumentSummaryInformation8"_1103196442 ' F.:l ".:l "Ole 'CompObj(f FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@+)՜.+,0 PObjInfo*WorkbookaC"SummaryInformation(+DocumentSummaryInformation8/ @Ba==x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,`  Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3`i;VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E =" k r  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I        VeblenKnight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I       Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms. Hannon@@@ Ms. Finneyj@p@ Ms. Grace@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending  Ms. Finney @@@    Value of  Total Total ! Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending  Ms. Hannon @@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } I } I } $ } I } $  " Strom, Inc. "#Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % &'&Equity =~ (SA#Total Assets =$SAsseD Total D + E =!SA DD o<0E1>@ 7 Xx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3  Worksheets FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89q_1103197755" F>l ">l "Ole 4CompObj!$5fObjInfo7Workbook#%w=$SummaryInformation(&8DocumentSummaryInformation8<_1103198758 .) FSWl "SWl " @Ba= =x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,`  Sheet1Sheet2:Sheet3`i@9VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPV of BuyoutNPV of Buyout = NPVBUYOUT = " k r  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I        VeblenKnight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I       Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms. Hannon@@@ Ms. Finneyj@p@ Ms. Grace@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending  Ms. Finney @@@    Value of  Total Total ! Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending  Ms. Hannon @@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } } I } $ } I } $    ,  " Strom, Inc. "#Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % &'&Equity =~ (SA#Total Assets =!$SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD" Strom, Inc. "# Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &Equity =~ (TA #Total Assets =! $TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD 0E10IS>@ 7 Oh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@)8,՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3  Worksheets FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosofOle ACompObj(+BfObjInfoDWorkbook*,.& @Ba= =x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,  Sheet1Sheet29Sheet3`i'>VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =" 3   @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I        VeblenKnight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I       Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms. Hannon@@@ Ms. Finneyj@p@ Ms. Grace@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending  Ms. Finney @@@    Value of  Total Total ! Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending  Ms. Hannon @@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } } I } $ } I } $   ,    , " Strom, Inc. "#Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % &'&Equity =~ (SA#Total Assets =!$SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD" Strom, Inc. "# Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &Equity =~ (TA #Total Assets =! $TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD   " Strom, Inc. " # Old Assets =~ $SA Debt = ~ %#Cash =~ $OA#Equity =~ ) VA& NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &&#Total Assets =#$ VA %  Total D + E =! VA D D0E10IS0ID>>@   7 SummaryInformation(-EDocumentSummaryInformation8I_11031991570 Fz`l "z`l "Ole Nt Excel@@.՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3  Worksheets FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiCompObj/2OfObjInfoQWorkbook13'SummaryInformation(4Rff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@T u/՜.+,0 PXx  @Ba==x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * , $ Sheet1Sheet2XSheet3`iFFVeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =" 3   @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I        VeblenKnight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I       Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms. Hannon@@@ Ms. Finneyj@p@ Ms. Grace@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending  Ms. Finney @@@    Value of  Total Total ! Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending  Ms. Hannon @@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } $} I } $ } I } $   ,    , , " Strom, Inc. "#Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % &'&Equity =~ (SA#Total Assets =!$SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD" Strom, Inc. "# Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &Equity =~ (TA #Total Assets =! $TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD   " Strom, Inc. " # Old Assets =~ $SA Debt = ~ %#Cash =~ $OA#Equity =~ ) VA& NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &&#Total Assets =#$ VA %  Total D + E =! VA D D" Strom, Inc. "# Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ %%&PVNEW FACILITIES =~ 'j(A&Equity =~ ( VA#Total Assets =!$ VA DD Total D + E =! VA DD&@0E10IS0ID>0IZ>@" 7 DocumentSummaryInformation8V_1103199919R7 Fil "il "Ole [CompObj69\fWharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3  Worksheets FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@ObjInfo^Workbook8:'SummaryInformation(;_DocumentSummaryInformation8c @Ba= =x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * , $ Sheet1Sheet2XSheet3`iFEVeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =" 3   @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I        VeblenKnight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I       Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms. Hannon@@@ Ms. Finneyj@p@ Ms. Grace@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending  Ms. Finney @@@    Value of  Total Total ! Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending  Ms. Hannon @@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } $} I } $ } I } $   ,    , , " Strom, Inc. "#Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % &'&Equity =~ (SA#Total Assets =!$SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD" Strom, Inc. "# Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &Equity =~ (TA #Total Assets =! $TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD   " Strom, Inc. " # Old Assets =~ $SA Debt = ~ %#Cash =~ $OA#Equity =~ ) VA& NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &&#Total Assets =#$ VA %  Total D + E =! VA D D" Strom, Inc. "# Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ %%&PVNEW FACILITIES =~ 'j(A&Equity =~ ( VA#Total Assets =!$ VA DD Total D + E =! VA DD&@0E10IS0ID>0IZ>@ " 7 Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@r91՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3  Worksheets_1103200585> FCql "Cql "Ole hCompObj=@ifObjInfok FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@=2Workbook?A,SummaryInformation(BlDocumentSummaryInformation8p_1103200808<E F{l "{l " @Ba==x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * , $ Sheet1Sheet2XSheet3`iFUVeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =" 3   @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I        VeblenKnight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I       Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms. Hannon@@@ Ms. Finneyj@p@ Ms. Grace@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending  Ms. Finney @@@    Value of  Total Total ! Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending  Ms. Hannon @@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } $} I } $ } I } $ }  } $           ,         ,     ,      ,  " Strom, Inc." #Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % &'&Equity =~ (SA #Total Assets =!$SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD " Strom, Inc." # Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ %  & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &Equity =~ (TA   #Total Assets =! $TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD     " Strom, Inc. " " Strom, Inc. "  # Old Assets =~ $SA Debt = ~ %  # Old Assets =~ $SA Debt = ~ %#Cash =~ $OA#Equity =~ ) VA#Cash =~ $OA #Equity =~  ) VA& NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &&& NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A  && #Total Assets =#$ VA %  Total D + E =! VA D D#Total Assets =#$ VA %   Total D + E =!  VA D D " Strom, Inc." # Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % %&PVNEW FACILITIES =~ 'j(A&Equity =~ ( VA #Total Assets =!$ VA DD Total D + E =! VA DD " Strom, Inc." # Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ %OA #Cash =~ $OA#Equity =~ )TA & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A&& #Total Assets =#$ VA % Total D + E =! VA DD 0* :YE:]gZ~ :]n:]XH>@2   7 ՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3  Worksheets FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOle uCompObjDGvfObjInfoxWorkbookFH[-Oh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@D3՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets  K %   & !"#$'(G)*+,H./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFJILmMNOPnRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklopqrstwxyz{|}~ @Ba=!=x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * , $ Sheet1Sheet2XSheet3`iF\VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =" 3   @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I        VeblenKnight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I       Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms. Hannon@@@ Ms. Finneyj@p@ Ms. Grace@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending  Ms. Finney @@@    Value of  Total Total ! Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending  Ms. Hannon @@  Value of TotalTotal!Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } $} I } $ } I } $ }  } $ "          ,         ,     ,      ,      , ! " Strom, Inc." #Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % &'&Equity =~ (SA #Total Assets =!$SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD " Strom, Inc." # Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ %  & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A &Equity =~ (TA   #Total Assets =! $TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD     " Strom, Inc. """  # Old Assets =~ $SA Debt = ~ % #$% #Cash =~ $OA#Equity =~ ) VA#$#) & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A&&&'&& #Total Assets =#$ VA %  Total D + E =! VA D D#$ " Strom, Inc." # Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ % %&PVNEW FACILITIES =~ 'j(A&Equity =~ ( VA #Total Assets =!$ VA DD Total D + E =! VA DD " Strom, Inc." # Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ %OA #Cash =~ $OA#Equity =~ )TA & NPVBUYOUT = ~ 'A&& #Total Assets =#$ VA % Total D + E =! VA DD " Strom, Inc." # Old Assets =~ $SADebt = ~ %OA % &PVNEW FACILITIES =~ 'j(A &Equity =~ (TA!#Total Assets =!!$ VA DD ! Total D + E =!! VA! DD 8 :YE:]g:]XH:]n:]XH:]Z> @!:   7 SummaryInformation(IyDocumentSummaryInformation8}_1108888481L F'l "'l "Ole  Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3  Worksheets@*\ (    ''  ' ' Times New RomanCwCw w0-PRINTKN`CompObjfObjInfoMPWorkbook!-Times New RomanCwCw w0- 2 G Assets =# t2 G 270,000,000r  t 2 G$  2 G 2 G$Debt = =$  t 2 G-t(2 G$  2 G 2 $Equity =  2  270,000,000r   2 $  2  2 Total Assets = # 2  270,000,000r   2 $  2  2 $ Total D + E = $   2  270,000,000    2 $  2  -"System !)Bw-'- B 2  Gulf Power'  $-'- -'-  - -E- !yE- - !<-@@- !@ ! !--'- ' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hdt Matthew V. PascaleMatthewMicrosoft Excel@@2 @\pMatthew Ba= $'=--6<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8 ` Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3P+Sheet4`i]"VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf Power* k  g  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I           ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD ~ ? ~ &@ ~   㥛 ?,044b444b4>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I        !     @@@  j@p@  @   !      @@@     !      @@   !     @@@@ 44***44*44*44>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MDEPSON Stylus C40 Series`f odhhRL*** xhhDLLName32=E_DU13AE.DLL d 2EPSON Stylus C40 Series  ***"dhh??U} $ } $} $ } $ }  } $ (          ,         ,     ,      ,      , !  ** "~ #SA ~ $ %& %~ 'SA "!#SA  DD !SA  DD  ** "~ #SA ~ $ %~ &A %~ 'TA  "! #TA  DD  ! TA DD     * *** "~ #SA ~ $ "#$ "~ #OA "~ ( VA"#"( %~ &A%%%&%% "## VA %  ! VA D D"#  ** "~ #SA ~ $ %~ &j(A %~ ' VA "!# VA DD ! VA DD  ** "~ #SA ~ $OA "~ #OA "~ (TA %~ &A%% "## VA % ! VA DD  ** "~ #SA ~ $OA %~ &j(A %~ 'TA !"!!# VA DD  !!! VA! DD 8 0L>z0LLz0LL4|0LLz0LL4|0L8$ % &  ' $ $*! $* %"~ %#~_@ %~ %$ &%& &%~ &'~_@ '"!'#A! D%D& '!'A' D%D& ><&8*>$@%?B   $$7 @  dMbP?_*+%"??U} I$}  ~ )̿yA  ~ )`FA ~ )8|A (>@7 7 SummaryInformation(OQDocumentSummaryInformation8(_1108888494CrT F`Ւl "`Ւl "Ole ՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  WorksheetsB) '   '' PRINTSVT CompObjfObjInfoUXWorkbook-3 ' ' Times New RomanCwCw w0-Times New RomanCwCw w0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # t2 G 270,000,000=  t 2 G$  2 G 2 GDebt = $  t 2 G-t'2 G$  2 G Times New RomanCwCw w0--"System !)Bw-'- ---  2 NPV$$-2 p POWER PLANT=- 2 U = -2  10,000,000  2 $  2  =2 Equity =  2  280,000,000=   2 $  2  =-'-  2 Total Assets = # 2  280,000,000=   2 $  2  =2  Total D + E = $   2  280,000,000    2 $  2  =--'- Br 2  Gulf Power'  $-'- -'- - -E  - !E -  - !< -@@- !@ ! !--'- ' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@ @\pMatthew Ba=(_),=--~T<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *    * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8 `= Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3-Sheet4`id#VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =*C    @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I           ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD ~ ? ~ &@ ~   㥛 ?,044b444b4>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I        !     @@@  j@p@  @   !      @@@     !      @@   !     @@@@ 44***44*44*44>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MDEPSON Stylus C40 Series`f odhhRL*** xhhDLLName32=E_DU13AE.DLL d 2EPSON Stylus C40 Series  "dhh??U} $ } $}  } $ }  } $ -          ,         ,     ,      ,      , !  ** "~ #SA ~ $ %& %~ 'SA "!#SA  DD !SA  DD  ** "~ #SA ~ $ %~ &A %~ 'TA  "! #TA  DD  ! TA DD     * *** "~ #SA ~ $ "#$ "~ #OA "~ ( VA"#"( %~ &A%%%&%% "## VA %  ! VA D D"#  ** "~ #SA ~ $ %~ &j(A %~ ' VA "!# VA DD ! VA DD  ** "~ #SA ~ $OA "~ #OA "~ (TA %~ &A%% "## VA % ! VA DD  ** "~ #SA ~ $OA %~ &j(A %~ 'TA !"!!# VA DD  !!! VA! DD 8 0L>z0LLz0LL4|0LLz0LL4|0L8$ % &  ' ) * + , , $ $*! $* %"~ %#~_@ %~ %$ &%& &%~ &'~_@ '"!'#A! D%D& '!'A' D%D&) )*! )* *"~ *#~_@ *~ *$ +%"~ +&cA +%~ +'B ,"!,#vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+&8*f&88>)@*?J ))  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%" ??U} I$}  ~ )̿yA  ~ )`FA ~ )8|A (>@7 "??U} I$}  ~ )̿yA  ~ )`FA ~ )8|A (>@7 Power )"*# Old Assets =~ *$~_@*Debt = ~ *%#+&NPVPOWER PLANT =~ +'cA+&Equity =~ +(B,#Total Assets =!,$vA' D*D+, Total D + E =!,vA, D*D+/E1/IX>@)),J ))  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%" ??U} I$} !Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ *̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ *`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ *8|A (3C>@7 SummaryInformation(WYDocumentSummaryInformation8(_1108888613\ Fl "l "Ole Hdt Matthew V. PascaleMatthewMicrosoft Excel@@9՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets*X  (   S ''  ' W ' W Times New RomanCwCw w0-Times New RomanCwCw w0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # tPRINT[^ CompObj fObjInfo]` WorkbookQ6   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;=@ABDEFGJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnpstuwxyz}~2 G  270,000,000=  t 2 G$  2 G 2 G(Debt = $  t 2 G-t(2 G$  2 G 2 Cash =! 2 " 20,000,000  2 $  2  2 (Equity =  2  300,000,000=   2 $  2  Times New RomanCwCw w0--"System !)Bw-'-  ---  2 NPVZ$$-2 p POWER PLANT - 2 ]=-2 " 10,000,000  2 $  2  -'- W  2  Total Assets = # B2   300,000,000   B 2 $  2  2 ( Total D + E = $   B2  300,000,000   B 2 $  2  --'- B 2  Gulf Power'  $-'- W -'- S - -E- !E-Q- !<-@@- !@ ! !--'- W ' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hdt Matthew V. PascaleMatthewMicrosoft Excel@@ @\pMatthew Ba= .2=--2S<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  ` Sheet1Sheet2 Sheet3O/Sheet4`il$VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =* 6  2  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD ~ ? ~ &@ ~   㥛 ?,044b444b4>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     "   #    " @@@ " j@p@ " @"   #    "  @@@ "    #    "  @@"   #    "@@@@ 44***44*44*44>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MDEPSON Stylus C40 Series`f odhhRL*** xhhDLLName32=E_DU13AE.DLL d 2EPSON Stylus C40 Series  ***"dhh??U} $ } $} I } $ }  } $ 3          ,         ,     ,      ,      , !  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '( '~ )SA $!%SA  DD !SA  DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (A '~ )TA  $! %TA  DD  ! TA DD     , ,,, $~ %SA ~ & $%& $~ %OA $~ * VA$%$* '~ (A'''('' $#% VA %  ! VA D D$%  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (j(A '~ ) VA $!% VA DD ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA $~ %OA $~ *TA '~ (A'' $#% VA % ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA '~ (j(A '~ )TA !$!!% VA DD  !!! VA! DD 8 0L>z0LLz0LL4|0LLz0LL4|0L8$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 $ $,! $, %$~ %%~_@ %~ %& &'( &'~ &)~_@ '$!'%A! D%D& '!'A' D%D&) ),! ), *$~ *%~_@ *~ *& +'"~ +(cA +'~ +)B ,$!,%vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+. .,! ., /$~ /%~_@ /~ /& 0$~ 0%sA 0$~ 0*G 1'#~ 1(cA 1'' 2$#2%A, %/1 2!2A2 D/D0&8*f&88f&88*>.@/?R ))..  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 "??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 =!,vA, D*D+..$ Gulf Power .$/% Old Assets =~ /&~_@/Debt = ~ /'0%Cash =~ 0&sA0%Equity =~ 0+G#1(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ 1)cA 1((2%Total Assets =#2&A, %/12 Total D + E =!2A2 D/D0/E1/IX/IDC>@..2R ))..  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".??U} I$} !Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 SummaryInformation(_a DocumentSummaryInformation8(_1108888623Zjd Fߩl "pfl "Ole ՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets* (   '' PRINTcf\ CompObj<fObjInfoeh>Workbookvo8 ' ' Times New RomanCwCw w0-Times New RomanCwCw w0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # t2 G  270,000,000=  t 2 G$  2 G 2 G,Debt = $  t 2 G-t(2 G$  2 G Times New RomanCwCw w0--"System !)Bw-'- ---  2 PV$-2 L POWER PLANT=- 2 1 = -2 & 30,000,000  2 $  2  =2 ,Equity =  2  300,000,000=   2 $  2  =-'-  2 Total Assets = # 2  300,000,000=   2 $  2  =2 , Total D + E = $   2  300,000,000    2 $  2  =--'- B 2  Gulf Power'  $-'- -'- - -E  - !E -  - !< -@@- !@ ! !--'- ' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@N  @\pMatthew Ba=_47=--_T<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  ` Sheet1Sheet2<Sheet30Sheet4`i s%VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = * 6  2  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD ~ ? ~ &@ ~   㥛 ?,044b444b4>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     "   #    " @@@ " j@p@ " @"   #    "  @@@ "    #    "  @@"   #    "@@@@ 44***44*44*44>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MDEPSON Stylus C40 Series`f odhhRL*** xhhDLLName32=E_DU13AE.DLL d 2EPSON Stylus C40 Series  "dhh??U} $ } $} m } $ }  } $ 8          ,         ,     ,      ,      , !  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '( '~ )SA $!%SA  DD !SA  DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (A '~ )TA  $! %TA  DD  ! TA DD     , ,,, $~ %SA ~ & $%& $~ %OA $~ * VA$%$* '~ (A'''('' $#% VA %  ! VA D D$%  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (j(A '~ ) VA $!% VA DD ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA $~ %OA $~ *TA '~ (A'' $#% VA % ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA '~ (j(A '~ )TA !$!!% VA DD  !!! VA! DD 8 0L>z0LLz0LL4|0LLz0LL4|0L8$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 $ $,! $, %$~ %%~_@ %~ %& &'( &'~ &)~_@ '$!'%A! D%D& '!'A' D%D&) ),! ), *$~ *%~_@ *~ *& +'"~ +(cA +'~ +)B ,$!,%vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+. .,! ., /$~ /%~_@ /~ /& 0$~ 0%sA 0$~ 0*G 1'#~ 1(cA 1'' 2$#2%A, %/1 2!2A2 D/D04 4,! 4, 5$~ 5%~_@ 5~ 5& 6'$~ 6(8|A 6'~ 6)G 7$!7%A2 D5D6 7!7A7 D5D6&b@&8*f&88f&88*h&88>4@5?Z ))..44  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".?? U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 "??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 1)cA 1((2%Total Assets =#2&A, %/12 Total D + E =!2A2 D/D044$ Gulf Power 4$5% Old Assets =~ 5&~_@5Debt = ~ 5'"6(PVPOWER PLANT = ~ 6)8|A6(Equity =~ 6*G7%Total Assets =!7&A2 D5D67 Total D + E =!7A7 D5D6&@/E1/IX/IDC/IW>!@447Z ))..44  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".?? U} I$} !Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 SummaryInformation(gi?DocumentSummaryInformation8C(_1108888735l F"l ""l "Ole HHdt Matthew V. PascaleMatthewMicrosoft Excel@@p՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets>+ *   !''  ' %' %Times New RomanCwCw w0-Times New RomanCwCw w0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # t PRINTknIx CompObjofObjInfompqWorkbooko82 G 270,000,000=  t2 G$  2 G 2 G0Debt = $  t 2 G-t*2 G$  2 G Times New RomanCwCw w0--"System !)Bw-'-  ---  2 NPV$$-2 p POWER PLANT=- 2 U = - 2 * 10,000,000  ,2 $  2 , =2 0Equity =  2  280,000,000=   2 $  2  =-'- % 2 Total Assets = #  2  280,000,000=  2 $  2  =2 0 Total D + E = $   2  280,000,000    2 $  2  =--'- B 2  Gulf Power'  $-'- %-'- !- -E$$- !E$-$$- !<$-@@- !@ ! !--'- %' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hdt Matthew V. PascaleMatthewMicrosoft Excel@@՜.+,0 PXx  @\pMatthew Ba= ),=--T<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  ` Sheet1Sheet2<Sheet30Sheet4`i s%VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = * 6  2  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD ~ ? ~ &@ ~   㥛 ?,044b444b4>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     "   #    " @@@ " j@p@ " @"   #    "  @@@ "    #    "  @@"   #    "@@@@ 44***44*44*44>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MDEPSON Stylus C40 Series`f odhhRL*** xhhDLLName32=E_DU13AE.DLL d 2EPSON Stylus C40 Series  ***"dhh??U} $ } $}  } $ }  } $ 8          ,         ,     ,      ,      , !  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '( '~ )SA $!%SA  DD !SA  DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (A '~ )TA  $! %TA  DD  ! TA DD     , ,,, $~ %SA ~ & $%& $~ %OA $~ * VA$%$* '~ (A'''('' $#% VA %  ! VA D D$%  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (j(A '~ ) VA $!% VA DD ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA $~ %OA $~ *TA '~ (A'' $#% VA % ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA '~ (j(A '~ )TA !$!!% VA DD  !!! VA! DD 8 0L>z0LLz0LL4|0LLz0LL4|0L8$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 $ $,! $, %$~ %%~_@ %~ %& &'( &'~ &)~_@ '$!'%A! D%D& '!'A' D%D&) ),! ), *$~ *%~_@ *~ *& +'"~ +(cA +'~ +)B ,$!,%vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+. .,! ., /$~ /%~_@ /~ /& 0$~ 0%sA 0$~ 0*G 1'#~ 1(cA 1'' 2$#2%A, %/1 2!2A2 D/D04 4,! 4, 5$~ 5%~_@ 5~ 5& 6'$~ 6(8|A 6'~ 6)G 7$!7%A2 D5D6 7!7A7 D5D6&b@&8*f&88f&88*h&88>)@*?Z ))..44  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".?? U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 "??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 1)cA 1((2%Total Assets =#2&A, %/12 Total D + E =!2A2 D/D044$ Gulf Power 4$5% Old Assets =~ 5&~_@5Debt = ~ 5'"6(PVPOWER PLANT = ~ 6)8|A6(Equity =~ 6*G7%Total Assets =!7&A2 D5D67 Total D + E =!7A7 D5D6&@/E1/IX/IDC/IW>!@)),Z ))..44  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".?? U} I$} !Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 SummaryInformation(oqrDocumentSummaryInformation8v(_1108888743bt FWl "Wl "Ole {Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets*X     S''  ' W' WPRINTsv| CompObjfObjInfouxWorkbook7:Times New RomanCwCw w0-Times New RomanCwCw w0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # t2 G  270,000,000=  t 2 G$  2 G 2 G,Debt = $  t2 G 20,000,000  t2 G$  2 G 2 Cash =! 2 & 20,000,000  2 $  2  2 ,Equity =  2  280,000,000=   2 $  2  Times New RomanCwCw w0--"System !)Bw-'-  ---  2 NPV.$$-2 p POWER PLANT - 2 ]=-2 & 10,000,000  2 $  2  -'- W 2  Total Assets = # B2   300,000,000   B 2 $  2  2 , Total D + E = $   B2  300,000,000   B 2 $  2  --'- B 2  Gulf Power'  $-'- W-'- S- -E  - !E - Q - !< -@@- !@ ! !--'- W' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@ @\pMatthew Ba=_9==--_S<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  ` Sheet1Sheet2<Sheet3e2Sheet4`i {%VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = * 6  2  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD ~ ? ~ &@ ~   㥛 ?,044b444b4>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     "   #    " @@@ " j@p@ " @"   #    "  @@@ "    #    "  @@"   #    "@@@@ 44***44*44*44>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MDEPSON Stylus C40 Series`f odhhRL*** xhhDLLName32=E_DU13AE.DLL d 2EPSON Stylus C40 Series  "dhh??U} $ } $} m } $ }  } $ >          ,         ,     ,      ,      , !  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '( '~ )SA $!%SA  DD !SA  DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (A '~ )TA  $! %TA  DD  ! TA DD     , ,,, $~ %SA ~ & $%& $~ %OA $~ * VA$%$* '~ (A'''('' $#% VA %  ! VA D D$%  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (j(A '~ ) VA $!% VA DD ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA $~ %OA $~ *TA '~ (A'' $#% VA % ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA '~ (j(A '~ )TA !$!!% VA DD  !!! VA! DD 8 0L>z0LLz0LL4|0LLz0LL4|0L8$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 9 : ; < , = $ $,! $, %$~ %%~_@ %~ %& &'( &'~ &)~_@ '$!'%A! D%D& '!'A' D%D&) ),! ), *$~ *%~_@ *~ *& +'"~ +(cA +'~ +)B ,$!,%vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+. .,! ., /$~ /%~_@ /~ /& 0$~ 0%sA 0$~ 0*G 1'#~ 1(cA 1'' 2$#2%A, %/1 2!2A2 D/D04 4,! 4, 5$~ 5%~_@ 5~ 5& 6'$~ 6(8|A 6'~ 6)G 7$!7%A2 D5D6 7!7A7 D5D69 9,! 9, :$~ :%~_@ :~ :&sA ;$~ ;%sA ;$~ ;*B <'#~ <(cA <'' =$#=%A7 %:< =!=A= D:D;0&8*f&88f&88*h&88f&88*>9@:?b ))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 "??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 G7%Total Assets =!7&A2 D5D67 Total D + E =!7A7 D5D699$ Gulf Power 9$:% Old Assets =~ :&~_@:Debt = ~ :'sA;%Cash =~ ;&sA;%Equity =~ ;+B#<(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ <)cA <((=%Total Assets =#=&A7 %:<= Total D + E =!=A= D:D;0y/E1/IX/IDC/IW/IDC>!@99=b ))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".??U} I$} !Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 SummaryInformation(wyDocumentSummaryInformation8(_1108888754| Fpl "pl "Ole Hdt Matthew V. PascaleMatthewMicrosoft Excel@@՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets+    -''  ' 1' 1Times New RomanCwCw w0-Times New RomanCwCw w0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # tPRINT{~^ CompObjfObjInfo}Workbook7:2 G 270,000,000=  t2 G$  2 G 2 G4Debt = $  t2 G. 20,000,000  t.2 G$  2 G. Times New RomanCwCw w0--"System !)Bw-'- ,---  2 PV$-2 L POWER PLANT=- 2 1 = -2 . 30,000,000  ,2 $  2 , =2 4Equity =  2  280,000,000=  2 $  2  =-'- 1 2 Total Assets = # 2  300,000,000=  2 $  2  =2 4 Total D + E = $   2  300,000,000   2 $  2  =--'- B 2  Gulf Power'  $-'- 1-'- -- -E((- !E(-((- !<(-@@+- !)@ !) !)--'- 1' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hdt Matthew V. PascaleMatthewMicrosoft Excel@@՜.+,0 PXx   )*   !"#$%&'(+,LM./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKOPpqRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnorvstuyz{|}~ @\pMatthew Ba=447=--T<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  ` Sheet1Sheet2<Sheet3e2Sheet4`i {%VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = * 6  2  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD ~ ? ~ &@ ~   㥛 ?,044b444b4>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     "   #    " @@@ " j@p@ " @"   #    "  @@@ "    #    "  @@"   #    "@@@@ 44***44*44*44>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MDEPSON Stylus C40 Series`f odhhRL*** xhhDLLName32=E_DU13AE.DLL d 2EPSON Stylus C40 Series  "dhh??U} $ } $}  } $ }  } $ >          ,         ,     ,      ,      , !  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '( '~ )SA $!%SA  DD !SA  DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (A '~ )TA  $! %TA  DD  ! TA DD     , ,,, $~ %SA ~ & $%& $~ %OA $~ * VA$%$* '~ (A'''('' $#% VA %  ! VA D D$%  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (j(A '~ ) VA $!% VA DD ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA $~ %OA $~ *TA '~ (A'' $#% VA % ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA '~ (j(A '~ )TA !$!!% VA DD  !!! VA! DD 8 0L>z0LLz0LL4|0LLz0LL4|0L8$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 9 : ; < , = $ $,! $, %$~ %%~_@ %~ %& &'( &'~ &)~_@ '$!'%A! D%D& '!'A' D%D&) ),! ), *$~ *%~_@ *~ *& +'"~ +(cA +'~ +)B ,$!,%vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+. .,! ., /$~ /%~_@ /~ /& 0$~ 0%sA 0$~ 0*G 1'#~ 1(cA 1'' 2$#2%A, %/1 2!2A2 D/D04 4,! 4, 5$~ 5%~_@ 5~ 5&sA 6'$~ 6(8|A 6'~ 6)B 7$!7%A2 D5D6 7!7A7 D5D69 9,! 9, :$~ :%~_@ :~ :&sA ;$~ ;%sA ;$~ ;*B <'#~ <(cA <'' =$#=%A7 %:< =!=A= D:D;0&8*f&88f&88*h&88f&88*>4@5?b ))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 "??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 B7%Total Assets =!7&A2 D5D67 Total D + E =!7A7 D5D699$ Gulf Power 9$:% Old Assets =~ :&~_@:Debt = ~ :'sA;%Cash =~ ;&sA;%Equity =~ ;+B#<(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ <)cA <((=%Total Assets =#=&A7 %:<= Total D + E =!=A= D:D;0y/E1/IX/IDC/IW/IDC>!@447b ))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%".??U} I$} !Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8(_1103320498 Fl "l "Ole Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@CompObjfObjInfoWorkbook ;SummaryInformation( @Ba=?B=x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,    D Sheet1(Sheet2xSheet39Sheet4`i''VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = GreenGreen Manufacturing* j  f  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I         Veblen! Knight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     " Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending" Ms. Hannon@@@" Ms. Finneyj@p@" Ms. Grace@" Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending " Ms. Finney @@@ "  Value of  Total Total # Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending " Ms. Hannon @@" Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending"Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } $}  }  }  } $ }  } $ C          ,         ,     ,      ,      , ! $ Strom, Inc.$ %Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ ' ()(Equity =~ *SA %Total Assets =!&SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ '  ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A (Equity =~ *TA   %Total Assets =! &TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD     $ Strom, Inc. $$$  % Old Assets =~ &SA Debt = ~ ' %&' %Cash =~ &OA%Equity =~ + VA%&%+ ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A((()(( %Total Assets =#& VA %  Total D + E =! VA D D%& $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ ' %(PVNEW FACILITIES =~ )j(A(Equity =~ * VA %Total Assets =!& VA DD Total D + E =! VA DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ 'OA %Cash =~ &OA%Equity =~ +TA ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A(( %Total Assets =#& VA % Total D + E =! VA DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ 'OA % (PVNEW FACILITIES =~ )j(A (Equity =~ *TA!%Total Assets =!!& VA DD ! Total D + E =!! VA! DD 8 :YE:]g:]XH:]n:]XH:]Z$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 9 : ; < , = ? @ A  $$$ Gulf Power $$%%Assets =~ %&~_@%Debt = ~ %' &()&(Equity =~ &*~_@'%Total Assets =!'&A! D%D&' Total D + E =!'A' D%D&))$ Gulf Power )$*% Old Assets =~ *&~_@*Debt = ~ *'#+(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ +)cA+(Equity =~ +*B,%Total Assets =!,&vA' D*D+, Total D + E =!,vA, D*D+..$ Gulf Power .$/% Old Assets =~ /&~_@/Debt = ~ /'0%Cash =~ 0&sA0%Equity =~ 0+G#1(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ 1)cA 1((2%Total Assets =#2&A, %/12 Total D + E =!2A2 D/D044$ Gulf Power 4$5% Old Assets =~ 5&~_@5Debt = ~ 5'sA"6(PVPOWER PLANT = ~ 6)8|A6(Equity =~ 6*B7%Total Assets =!7&A2 D5D67 Total D + E =!7A7 D5D699$ Gulf Power 9$:% Old Assets =~ :&~_@:Debt = ~ :'sA;%Cash =~ ;&sA;%Equity =~ ;+B#<(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ <)cA <((=%Total Assets =#=&A7 %:<= Total D + E =!=A= D:D;??$Green Manufacturing ?$@%Assets =~ @&cA@Debt = ~ @' A()A(Equity =~ A*cA6c /E1/IX/IDC/IW/IDC8EB B%Total Assets =!B&cA= D@DAB Total D + E =!BcAB D@DA>-@??Bj ??))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%")??U} I$} !Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@hTI՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  WorksheetsDocumentSummaryInformation8(_1103321483J F+l "l "Ole CompObjf FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@!LObjInfoWorkbook-=SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8( @Ba=DG=x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,    O Sheet13Sheet2Sheet3;Sheet4`i2'VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = Green ManufacturingPV(Tax Shield) =* j  f  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I         Veblen! Knight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     " Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending" Ms. Hannon@@@" Ms. Finneyj@p@" Ms. Grace@" Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending " Ms. Finney @@@ "  Value of  Total Total # Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending " Ms. Hannon @@" Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending"Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } $}  }  }  } $ }  } $ H          ,         ,     ,      ,      , ! $ Strom, Inc.$ %Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ ' ()(Equity =~ *SA %Total Assets =!&SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ '  ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A (Equity =~ *TA   %Total Assets =! &TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD     $ Strom, Inc. $$$  % Old Assets =~ &SA Debt = ~ ' %&' %Cash =~ &OA%Equity =~ + VA%&%+ ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A((()(( %Total Assets =#& VA %  Total D + E =! VA D D%& $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ ' %(PVNEW FACILITIES =~ )j(A(Equity =~ * VA %Total Assets =!& VA DD Total D + E =! VA DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ 'OA %Cash =~ &OA%Equity =~ +TA ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A(( %Total Assets =#& VA % Total D + E =! VA DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ 'OA % (PVNEW FACILITIES =~ )j(A (Equity =~ *TA!%Total Assets =!!& VA DD ! Total D + E =!! VA! DD 8 :YE:]g:]XH:]n:]XH:]Z$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 9 : ; < , = ? @ A  $$$ Gulf Power $$%%Assets =~ %&~_@%Debt = ~ %' &()&(Equity =~ &*~_@'%Total Assets =!'&A! D%D&' Total D + E =!'A' D%D&))$ Gulf Power )$*% Old Assets =~ *&~_@*Debt = ~ *'#+(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ +)cA+(Equity =~ +*B,%Total Assets =!,&vA' D*D+, Total D + E =!,vA, D*D+..$ Gulf Power .$/% Old Assets =~ /&~_@/Debt = ~ /'0%Cash =~ 0&sA0%Equity =~ 0+G#1(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ 1)cA 1((2%Total Assets =#2&A, %/12 Total D + E =!2A2 D/D044$ Gulf Power 4$5% Old Assets =~ 5&~_@5Debt = ~ 5'sA"6(PVPOWER PLANT = ~ 6)8|A6(Equity =~ 6*B7%Total Assets =!7&A2 D5D67 Total D + E =!7A7 D5D699$ Gulf Power 9$:% Old Assets =~ :&~_@:Debt = ~ :'sA;%Cash =~ ;&sA;%Equity =~ ;+B#<(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ <)cA <((=%Total Assets =#=&A7 %:<= Total D + E =!=A= D:D;??$Green Manufacturing ?$@%Assets =~ @&cA@Debt = ~ @' A()A(Equity =~ A*cA6c /E1/IX/IDC/IW/IDC8EB D E F  G B%Total Assets =!B&cA= D@DAB Total D + E =!BcAB D@DADD$Green Manufacturing D$E% Old Assets =~ E&cAEDebt = ~ E'F(PV(Tax Shield) =~ F)j(AF(Equity =~ F*pdAG%Total Assets =!G&pdAB DEDFG Total D + E =!GpdAG DEDF1P8IN>-@DDGr??DD))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%"DD??U} I$D} D!Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 ՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89q_1103322250 Fm "m "Ole CompObjfObjInfo    !"#$%&'()+./0234589:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]_bcdfghilmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~Oh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@M՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets WorkbookQ=SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8(_1110040590z Fm "m " @Ba=DG=x;U#8X1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  ( "8  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,    O Sheet13Sheet2Sheet3;Sheet4`i2'VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = Green ManufacturingPV(Tax Shield) =* j  f  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I         Veblen! Knight'Projected Net Operating Income~ OA~ OA"Year-End Interest on Debt~ ~ L@5,Projected Earnings Available to Common Stock!OAed DD!L A DD1Required Return on Equity (rs)~ ?~ ,@Market Value of Stock~ OBA~ P':AMarket Value of Debt~ ~ .A! Market Value of the Firm! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD2 Overall Required Return (rwacc)~ ? ~ &@ Debt-Equity Ratio~   㥛 ?3:QL[HGy\>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     " Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending" Ms. Hannon@@@" Ms. Finneyj@p@" Ms. Grace@" Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending " Ms. Finney @@@ "  Value of  Total Total # Grimsley Shares  Borrowing Lending " Ms. Hannon @@" Value of TotalTotal#Grimsley Shares BorrowingLending"Ms.Grace@@@@ DP332DP3DP3DP>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } $}  }  }  } $ }  } $ H          ,         ,     ,      ,      , ! $ Strom, Inc.$ %Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ ' ()(Equity =~ *SA %Total Assets =!&SA  DD Total D + E =!SA + DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ '  ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A (Equity =~ *TA   %Total Assets =! &TA  DD   Total D + E =! TA DD     $ Strom, Inc. $$$  % Old Assets =~ &SA Debt = ~ ' %&' %Cash =~ &OA%Equity =~ + VA%&%+ ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A((()(( %Total Assets =#& VA %  Total D + E =! VA D D%& $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ ' %(PVNEW FACILITIES =~ )j(A(Equity =~ * VA %Total Assets =!& VA DD Total D + E =! VA DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ 'OA %Cash =~ &OA%Equity =~ +TA ( NPVBUYOUT = ~ )A(( %Total Assets =#& VA % Total D + E =! VA DD $ Strom, Inc.$ % Old Assets =~ &SADebt = ~ 'OA % (PVNEW FACILITIES =~ )j(A (Equity =~ *TA!%Total Assets =!!& VA DD ! Total D + E =!! VA! DD 8 :YE:]g:]XH:]n:]XH:]Z$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 9 : ; < , = ? @ A  $$$ Gulf Power $$%%Assets =~ %&~_@%Debt = ~ %' &()&(Equity =~ &*~_@'%Total Assets =!'&A! D%D&' Total D + E =!'A' D%D&))$ Gulf Power )$*% Old Assets =~ *&~_@*Debt = ~ *'#+(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ +)cA+(Equity =~ +*B,%Total Assets =!,&vA' D*D+, Total D + E =!,vA, D*D+..$ Gulf Power .$/% Old Assets =~ /&~_@/Debt = ~ /'0%Cash =~ 0&sA0%Equity =~ 0+G#1(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ 1)cA 1((2%Total Assets =#2&A, %/12 Total D + E =!2A2 D/D044$ Gulf Power 4$5% Old Assets =~ 5&~_@5Debt = ~ 5'sA"6(PVPOWER PLANT = ~ 6)8|A6(Equity =~ 6*B7%Total Assets =!7&A2 D5D67 Total D + E =!7A7 D5D699$ Gulf Power 9$:% Old Assets =~ :&~_@:Debt = ~ :'sA;%Cash =~ ;&sA;%Equity =~ ;+B#<(NPVPOWER PLANT =~ <)cA <((=%Total Assets =#=&A7 %:<= Total D + E =!=A= D:D;??$Green Manufacturing ?$@%Assets =~ @&cA@Debt = ~ @' A()A(Equity =~ A*cA6c /E1/IX/IDC/IW/IDC8EB D E F  G B%Total Assets =!B&cA= D@DAB Total D + E =!BcAB D@DADD$Green Manufacturing D$E% Old Assets =~ E&cAEDebt = ~ E'>AF(PV(Tax Shield) =~ F)j(AF(Equity =~ F*`AG%Total Assets =!G&pdAB DEDFG Total D + E =!GpdAG DEDF1P8IN>-@DDGr??DD))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%"DD??U} I$D} D!Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets+\ *    -''  ' 1' 1Times New Roman UwUw0-Ole  PRINT CompObj*fObjInfo,Times New Roman UwUw0- 2 G Assets =# t2 G 487,500,000  t2 G$  2 G 2 G4Debt = =$  t 2 G-t*2 G$  2 G 2 4Equity =  2  487,500,000  2 $  2  2 Total Assets = # 2  487,500,000  2 $  2  2 4 Total D + E = $   2  487,500,000   2 $  2  -"System 0-'- B (2 3Stephenson Real Estate $ !-'- 1-'-  -- -E((- !yE(-( (- !<(-@@+- !)@ !) !)--'- 1' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosofWorkbookxN?SummaryInformation(-DocumentSummaryInformation81(_1110040884 F`m "`m " @\pMatthew V. Pascale Ba=4IL=--}<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  `4 Sheet1Sheet2~Sheet37Sheet4`iK(VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = Green ManufacturingPV(Tax Shield) =Stephenson Real Estate* 6  2  @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! OBA DD ! ȴDA  DD ~ ? ~ &@ ~   㥛 ?,044b444b4>@ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U}  } $} I     "   #    " @@@ " j@p@ " @"   #    "  @@@ "    #    "  @@"   #    "@@@@ 44***44*44*44>@7 @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} $ } $}  } $ }  } $ M          ,         ,     ,      ,      , !  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '( '~ )SA $!%SA  DD !SA  DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (A '~ )TA  $! %TA  DD  ! TA DD     , ,,, $~ %SA ~ & $%& $~ %OA $~ * VA$%$* '~ (A'''('' $#% VA %  ! VA D D$%  ,, $~ %SA ~ & '~ (j(A '~ ) VA $!% VA DD ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA $~ %OA $~ *TA '~ (A'' $#% VA % ! VA DD  ,, $~ %SA ~ &OA '~ (j(A '~ )TA !$!!% VA DD  !!! VA! DD 8 0L>z0LLz0LL4|0LLz0LL4|0L8$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 9 : ; < , = ? @ A  $ $,! $, %$~ %%~_@ %~ %& &'( &'~ &)~_@ '$!'%A! D%D& '!'A' D%D&) ),! ), *$~ *%~_@ *~ *& +'"~ +(cA +'~ +)B ,$!,%vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+. .,! ., /$~ /%~_@ /~ /& 0$~ 0%sA 0$~ 0*G 1'#~ 1(cA 1'' 2$#2%A, %/1 2!2A2 D/D04 4,! 4, 5$~ 5%~_@ 5~ 5&sA 6'$~ 6(8|A 6'~ 6)B 7$!7%A2 D5D6 7!7A7 D5D69 9,! 9, :$~ :%~_@ :~ :&sA ;$~ ;%sA ;$~ ;*B <'#~ <(cA <'' =$#=%A7 %:< =!=A= D:D;? ?,% ?, @$~ @%cA @~ @& A'( A'~ A)cA6&8*f&88f&88*h&88f&88*h&8B D E F  G I J K  L  B$!B%cA= D@DA B!BcAB D@DAD D,% D, E$~ E%cA E~ E&>A F'&~ F(j(A F'~ F)`A G$!G%pdAB DEDF G!GpdAG DEDFI I,' I, J$~ J%:t J~ J& K'( K'~ K):t L$!L%AG DJDK L!LAL DJDKf&88f&8*>I@IIIz   $$??DDII))..44997 @  dMbP?_*+%"??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 7 cA= D@DAB Total D + E =!BcAB D@DADD$Green Manufacturing D$E% Old Assets =~ E&cAEDebt = ~ E'>AF(PV(Tax Shield) =~ F)j(AF(Equity =~ F*`AG%Total Assets =!G&pdAB DEDFG Total D + E =!GpdAG DEDFI I$Eureka Space Technology I$J%Assets =~ J&:tJDebt = ~ J' K()K(Equity =~ K*:tL%Total Assets =!L&AG DJDKL Total D + E =!LAL DJDK8IN<E1>9@IILz??DDII))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%"DD??U} I$D} D!Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 t Excel@@}Ƶh՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets+ *  Ole 6PRINT7 CompObj^fObjInfo` -''  ' 1' 1Times New Roman UwUw0-Times New Roman UwUw0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # t2 G 487,500,000=  t2 G$  2 G 2 G4Debt = $  t 2 G-t*2 G$  2 G Times New Roman UwUw0--"System 0-'- ,---  2 NPV$$-2 pPROJECT - 2  = -2 . 20,000,000  ,2 $  2 , =2 4Equity =  2  507,500,000=  2 $  2  =-'- 1 2 Total Assets = # 2  507,500,000=  2 $  2  =2 4 Total D + E = $   2  507,500,000   2 $  2  =--'- B (2 3Stephenson Real Estate $ !-'- 1-'- -- -E((- !E(-((- !<(-@@+- !)@ !) !)--'- 1' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@~i՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Workbook+ASummaryInformation(aDocumentSummaryInformation8e(_1110041129 F`3*m "`3*m " @\pMatthew V. Pascale Ba=4NQ=--}<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  `o Sheet1LSheet2Sheet3h9Sheet4`i~*VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = Green ManufacturingPV(Tax Shield) =Eureka Space Technology NPVPROJECT = Stephenson Real Estate2 6  2  P @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! 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W!Times New Roman UwUw0-Ole jPRINTk CompObjfObjInfoTimes New Roman UwUw0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # t`2 Ge 487,500,000=  t`2 G $ = 2 G` 2 GDebt = $  t 2 G-t32 Gj$  2 G 2 Cash =! `2 e 100,000,000=  `2  $ = 2 ` 2 Equity =  2  607,500,000=  2 e $ = 2  Times New Roman UwUw0--"System 0-'-  ---  2 NPV$$-2 pPROJECT= - 2  = -`2 ~ 20,000,000  z2  $  2 z =-'- W! 2  Total Assets = # B`2 e 607,500,000   B`2  $  2 ` =2  Total D + E = $   B2  607,500,000   B2 e $  2  =--'- BJ (2 Stephenson Real Estate $ !-'- W!-'- S- -Exx- !Ex-xQx- !<x-@@- !@ ! !--'- W!' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@=i՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Workbook.CSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8(_1110041460 F`h6m "`h6m " @\pMatthew V. Pascale Ba=4SW=--<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  `o Sheet1LSheet2Sheet3;Sheet4`i~*VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = Green ManufacturingPV(Tax Shield) =Eureka Space Technology NPVPROJECT = Stephenson Real Estate2 6  2  P @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! 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D%D& '!'A' D%D&) ),! ), *$~ *%~_@ *~ *& +'"~ +(cA +'~ +)B ,$!,%vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+. .,! ., /$~ /%~_@ /~ /& 0$~ 0%sA 0$~ 0*G 1'#~ 1(cA 1'' 2$#2%A, %/1 2!2A2 D/D04 4,! 4, 5$~ 5%~_@ 5~ 5&sA 6'$~ 6(8|A 6'~ 6)B 7$!7%A2 D5D6 7!7A7 D5D69 9,! 9, :$~ :%~_@ :~ :&sA ;$~ ;%sA ;$~ ;*B <'#~ <(cA <'' =$#=%A7 %:< =!=A= D:D;? ?,% ?, @$~ @%cA @~ @& A'( A'~ A)cA6&8*f&88f&88*h&88f&88*h&8B D E F  G I J K  L N O P , Q S T U V , W  B$!B%cA= D@DA B!BcAB D@DAD D,% D, E$~ E%cA E~ E&>A F'&~ F(j(A F'~ F)`A G$!G%pdAB DEDF G!GpdAG DEDFI I,' I, J$~ J%:t J~ J& K'( K'~ K):t L$!L%AG DJDK L!LAL DJDKN N,' N, O$~ O%:t O~ O& P'(~ P(8A P'P)QA Q$!Q%QAL DODP Q!QQAQ DODPS S,) S, T$~ T%:t T~ T& U$~ U%חA U$U*pA V'(~ V(sA V'' W$#W%pAQ %TV W!WpAW DTDU(Tf&88f&8*f&8<f&8<*>S@UUUSS??DDIINN))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%"???U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 K*:tL%Total Assets =!L&AG DJDKL Total D + E =!LAL DJDKN N$Eureka Space Technology N$O% Old Assets =~ O&:tODebt = ~ O'P( NPVPROJECT = ~ P)8AP(Equity =P*QAQ%Total Assets =!Q&QAL DODPQ Total D + E =!QQAQ DODPS S$Eureka Space Technology S$T% Old Assets =~ T&:tTDebt = ~ T'U%Cash =~ U&חAU%Equity =U+pLAV( NPVPROJECT = ~ V)8A V((W%Total Assets =#W&pLAQ %TVW Total D + E =!WpLAW DTDU(OT8IN<E1<IX<IH?>>@SSWSS??DDIINN))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%"???U} I$} !Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  Worksheets,X  +   SQ''  ' WU' WUTimes New Roman UwUw0-Ole PRINT CompObjfObjInfoTimes New Roman UwUw0- 2 G Old Assets =$  # t2 G! 487,500,000=  t2 G$  2 G 2 G@Debt = $  t4 2 G#-t#+2 G$  2 G# Times New Roman UwUw0--"System 0-'- P---  2 PV$-2 LPROJECT - 2  = -2 ! 120,000,000=  2 $  2  =2 @Equity =  42 9 607,500,000=  72 $  2 7 =-'- WU 2 Total Assets = # 2 ! 607,500,000=  2 $  2  =2 @ Total D + E = $   42 9 607,500,000   72 $  2 7 =--'- B (2 ?Stephenson Real Estate $ !-'- WU-'- SQ- -E44- !E4-44- !<4-LL- !SL-@@O- !M@ !J !J--'- WU' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd WorkbookyESummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8(_1110041883 FHm "Hm "     # !"JK%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHILtuNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrsxyz{|}~ @\pMatthew V. Pascale Ba=@.Y]=--<X@"1Arial1Arial1Arial1Arial1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1.Times New Roman1 Arial1$Arial"$"#,##0_);\("$"#,##0\)!"$"#,##0_);[Red]\("$"#,##0\)""$"#,##0.00_);\("$"#,##0.00\)'""$"#,##0.00_);[Red]\("$"#,##0.00\)7*2_("$"* #,##0_);_("$"* \(#,##0\);_("$"* "-"_);_(@_).))_(* #,##0_);_(* \(#,##0\);_(* "-"_);_(@_)?,:_("$"* #,##0.00_);_("$"* \(#,##0.00\);_("$"* "-"??_);_(@_)6+1_(* #,##0.00_);_(* \(#,##0.00\);_(* "-"??_);_(@_) "$"#,##094_(* #,##0.000_);_(* \(#,##0.000\);_(* "-"???_);_(@_)<7_("$"* #,##0.0_);_("$"* \(#,##0.0\);_("$"* "-"?_);_(@_)"Yes";"Yes";"No""True";"True";"False""On";"On";"Off"                + ) , *      * ) "   ( "8 ) ,  ( "8 "8  (  (  ( * , *#  (` * ,` * ,` * ,   "8  ` Sheet1dSheet2Sheet3<Sheet4`i+VeblenKnightMarket Value of StockMarket Value of DebtMarket Value of the FirmDebt-Equity RatioRequired Return on Equity (rs)Overall Required Return (rwacc)Projected Net Operating Income,Projected Earnings Available to Common StockYear-End Interest on Debt Ms. Hannon Ms. Finney Ms. Grace Value of Grimsley SharesTotal BorrowingLendingMs.GraceAssets =Debt = Equity = Strom, Inc.Total Assets = Total D + E = Old Assets = NPVBUYOUT = Cash =PVNEW FACILITIES =Gulf's Annual Earnings =Total Annual Earnings =(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant = Gulf PowerNPVPOWER PLANT =NPVPOWER PLANT =PVPOWER PLANT = Green ManufacturingPV(Tax Shield) =Eureka Space Technology NPVPROJECT =  PVPROJECT = Stephenson Real Estate2 6  2  P @  dMbP?_*+%MnEpson Stylus COLOR 740 ESC/P 2C odhhLetter0DINU"0`ẇ `OSPEAAq"dhh??U} %} I } I          !   ~ OA~ OA  ~ ~ L@  !OA DD!L A DD ~ ?~ ,@ ~ OBA~ P':A ~ ~ .A ! 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D%D& '!'A' D%D&) ),! ), *$~ *%~_@ *~ *& +'"~ +(cA +'~ +)B ,$!,%vA' D*D+ ,!,vA, D*D+. .,! ., /$~ /%~_@ /~ /& 0$~ 0%sA 0$~ 0*G 1'#~ 1(cA 1'' 2$#2%A, %/1 2!2A2 D/D04 4,! 4, 5$~ 5%~_@ 5~ 5&sA 6'$~ 6(8|A 6'~ 6)B 7$!7%A2 D5D6 7!7A7 D5D69 9,! 9, :$~ :%~_@ :~ :&sA ;$~ ;%sA ;$~ ;*B <'#~ <(cA <'' =$#=%A7 %:< =!=A= D:D;? ?,% ?, @$~ @%cA @~ @& A'( A'~ A)cA6&8*f&88f&88*h&88f&88*h&8B D E F  G I J K  L N O P , Q S T U V , W Y Z [ , \  B$!B%cA= D@DA B!BcAB D@DAD D,% D, E$~ E%cA E~ E&>A F'&~ F(j(A F'~ F)`A G$!G%pdAB DEDF G!GpdAG DEDFI I,' I, J$~ J%:t J~ J& K'( K'~ K):t L$!L%AG DJDK L!LAL DJDKN N,' N, O$~ O%:t O~ O& P'(~ P(8A P'P)QA Q$!Q%QAL DODP Q!QQAQ DODPS S,' S, T$~ T%:t T~ T& U$~ U%חA U$U*pLA V'(~ V(8A V'' W$#W%pLAQ %TV W!WpLAW DTDUY Y,* Y, Z$~ Z%:t Z~ Z& [')~ [(8A ['[(pA \$#\%pA\ %Z[ \!\pAW DZD[06f&88f&8*f&8<f&8<*h&8<>Y@[[[   $$))..4499SSYY??DDIINN7 @  dMbP?_*+%"??U} I$}  ~ +̿yA  ~ +`FA ~ +8|A (>@7 `FA ~ +8|A (>@7 P(Equity =P*QAQ%Total Assets =!Q&QAL DODPQ Total D + E =!QQAQ DODPS S$Eureka Space Technology S$T% Old Assets =~ T&:tTDebt = ~ T'U%Cash =~ U&חAU%Equity =U+pLAV( NPVPROJECT = ~ V)8A V((W%Total Assets =#W&pLAQ %TVW Total D + E =!WpLAW DTDUY Y$Eureka Space Technology Y$Z% Old Assets =~ Z&:tZDebt = ~ Z'![%PVTAX SHIELD = ~ [&A[%Equity =[+pLA\( PVPROJECT = ~ \)8A \((]%Total Assets =']&pLA]DZD\D[] Total D + E =!]pLAW DZD[2U 8IN<E1<IX<IH?<IZ>>G@YY]SSYY??DDIINN))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%"DY??U} I$D} D!Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ ,̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ ,`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ ,8|A (3C>@7 Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@Ej՜.+,0 PXx  Wharton Undergraduatets Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  WorksheetsOle PRINT< CompObjfObjInfo     !#$%&')<, *   E''  ' I' ITimes New Roman UwUw0-Times New Roman UwUw0-Times New Roman UwUw0--"System 0-'- DE---  2 J V$- 2 d0U - 2 JO= -w2 J 607,500,000  w2 J$  2 J 2 J<Debt = $  w(2 J- 100,000,000  w-2 J$  2 J- -'- I---'- D---  2 T - 2 +C - 2 A*B =! -2 6 40,000,000  92 $  2 9 2 <Equity =  (2 - 547,500,000  /2 $  2 / -'- I 2 Total Assets = #  2  647,500,000   2 $  2  2 < Total D + E = $    (2 - 647,500,000    /2 $  2 / --'- B *2 4Stephenson Real Estate  $ ! -'- I-'- E- -E00- !E0-00- !<0-@@C- !A@ !A !A--'- I' FMicrosoft Excel WorksheetBiff8Excel.Sheet.89qOh+'0@Hd Matthew V. PascaleMatthew V. PascaleMicrosoft Excel@@lWorkbook$5KSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8(_1110036667 F Wm " Wm " @\pMatthew V. 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VA D D$% - Strom, Inc.- $ Old Assets =~ %SADebt = ~ & %'PVNEW FACILITIES =~ (j(A'Equity =~ ) VA $Total Assets =!% VA DD Total D + E =! VA DD - Strom, Inc.- $ Old Assets =~ %SADebt = ~ &OA $Cash =~ %OA$Equity =~ *TA ' NPVBUYOUT = ~ (A'' $Total Assets =#% VA % Total D + E =! VA DD - Strom, Inc.- $ Old Assets =~ %SADebt = ~ &OA % 'PVNEW FACILITIES =~ (j(A 'Equity =~ )TA!$Total Assets =!!% VA DD ! Total D + E =!! VA! DD 8 :YE:]g:]XH:]n:]XH:]Z$ % &  ' ) * + , , . / 0 1 , 2 4 5 6 , 7 9 : ; < , = ? @ A  $$- Gulf Power $-%$Assets =~ %%~_@%Debt = ~ %& &'(&'Equity =~ &)~_@'$Total Assets =!'%A! D%D&' Total D + E =!'A' D%D&))- Gulf Power )-*$ Old Assets =~ *%~_@*Debt = ~ *&#+'NPVPOWER PLANT =~ +(cA+'Equity =~ +)B,$Total Assets =!,%vA' D*D+, Total D + E =!,vA, D*D+..- Gulf Power .-/$ Old Assets =~ /%~_@/Debt = ~ /&0$Cash =~ 0%sA0$Equity =~ 0*G#1'NPVPOWER PLANT =~ 1(cA 1''2$Total Assets =#2%A, %/12 Total D + E =!2A2 D/D044- Gulf Power 4-5$ Old Assets =~ 5%~_@5Debt = ~ 5&sA"6'PVPOWER PLANT = ~ 6(8|A6'Equity =~ 6)B7$Total Assets =!7%A2 D5D67 Total D + E =!7A7 D5D699- Gulf Power 9-:$ Old Assets =~ :%~_@:Debt = ~ :&sA;$Cash =~ ;%sA;$Equity =~ ;*B#<'NPVPOWER PLANT =~ <(cA <''=$Total Assets =#=%A7 %:<= Total D + E =!=A= D:D;??-Green Manufacturing ?-@$Assets =~ @%cA@Debt = ~ @& A'(A'Equity =~ A)cA6c /E1/IX/IDC/IW/IDC8EB D E F  G I J K  L N O P , Q S T U V , W Y Z [ \ , ] _ ` a , B$Total Assets =!B%cA= D@DAB Total D + E =!BcAB D@DADD-Green Manufacturing D-E$ Old Assets =~ E%cAEDebt = ~ E&>AF'PV(Tax Shield) =~ F(j(AF'Equity =~ F)`AG$Total Assets =!G%pdAB DEDFG Total D + E =!GpdAG DEDFI I-Eureka Space Technology I-J$Assets =~ J%:tJDebt = ~ J& K'(K'Equity =~ K):tL$Total Assets =!L%AG DJDKL Total D + E =!LAL DJDKN N-Eureka Space Technology N-O$ Old Assets =~ O%:tODebt = ~ O&P' NPVPROJECT = ~ P(8AP'Equity =P)QAQ$Total Assets =!Q%QAL DODPQ Total D + E =!QQAQ DODPS S-Eureka Space Technology S-T$ Old Assets =~ T%:tTDebt = ~ T&U$Cash =~ U%חAU$Equity =U*pLAV' NPVPROJECT = ~ V(8A V''W$Total Assets =#W%pLAQ %TVW Total D + E =!WpLAW DTDUY Y-Eureka Space Technology Y-Z$ Old Assets =~ Z%:tZDebt = ~ Z&![$PVTAX SHIELD = ~ [%A[$Equity =[*pLA\' PVPROJECT = ~ \(8A \'']$Total Assets =']%pLA]DZD\D[] Total D + E =!]pLAW DZD[_ _-Eureka Space Technology _-`$ Old Assets =~ `%:t`Debt = ~ `&a' NPVPROJECT = ~ a(8Aa'Equity =a)QA8n 8IN<E1<IX<IH?<IZ><Ib d e f g , h j k l , m b$Total Assets =!b%QA] D`Dab Total D + E =!bQAb D`Dad d-Eureka Space Technology d-e$ Old Assets =~ e%:teDebt = ~ e&!f$PVTAX SHIELD = ~ f%Af$Equity =f*pLAg' PVPROJECT = ~ g(8A g''h$Total Assets ='h%DAbDeDgDfh Total D + E =!hpLAh DeDfj j-Eureka Space Technology j-k$VU =k%pLAkDebt = ~ k&חAl'TC*B =~ l(Al'Equity =l)DAm$Total Assets =!m%p5}Ah DkDlm Total D + E =!mp5}Am DkDlE<IZ><OR>V@jjmjjSSYY__dd??DDIINN))..4499  $$ 7 @  dMbP?_*+%"FS??U} I$F} F!Gulf's Annual Earnings =~ +̿yA1(Added Annual Earnings from Power Plant =~ +`FA Total Annual Earnings =~ +8|A (3C>@7 SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8(1Table SummaryInformation( Sheet1Sheet2Sheet3Sheet4  WorksheetsOh+'0 ( 8D ` l x .Chapter 15: Capital Structure: Basic Concepts.0hapMatthew V. 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