%PDF-1.3 %% %%Page: 1 1 4 0 obj << /Length 5 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 664.5 Tm /F1 13 Tf 100 Tz 88.1395 -8.4 Td 1.3 Tw 0 Tc (FOR PUBLICATION) Tj /F1 15 Tf 100 Tz -78.2395 -24 Td 1.5 Tw (UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS) Tj 43.47 -16 Td (FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -53.37 -18 Td 1.2 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw 0 0 Td 183.8 0 Td /F3 20 Tf 100 Tz -2.18 -17.6 Td 2 Tw () Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -181.62 -2.8 Td 1.2 Tw (In the Matter of: A) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (NTOINETTE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (D) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw (,) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 137.004 -13.2 Td (Debtor,) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 78.066 -11.4 Td (No. 08-60002) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz -215.07 -6.6 Td 173 0 Td /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 53.398 -11.4 Td (BAP No.) Tj -226.398 -6.6 Td (A) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (NTOINETTE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( D) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw (,) Tj /F3 20 Tf 100 Tz 181.62 -1.3 Td 2 Tw () Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 16.716 -5.3 Td 1.2 Tw (SC-07-1155-BaMoD) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz -74.004 -6.6 Td (Appellant,) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 100.008 -11.4 Td (OPINION) Tj -141.84 -6.6 Td (v.) Tj -82.5 -18 Td (F) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (OMPANY) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw (,) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 129.012 -13.2 Td (Appellee.) Tj /F3 20 Tf 100 Tz 52.608 -8.8 Td 1.6 Ts 2 Tw () Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -106.68 -26.2 Td 1.2 Tw (Appeal from the Ninth Circuit) Tj 6.204 -13.2 Td (Bankruptcy Appellate Panel) Tj -45.804 -13.2 Td (Baum, Montali, and Dunn, Bankruptcy Judges) Tj 59.13 -26.2 Td (Argued and Submitted) Tj -32.424 -13.2 Td (May 5, 2009Pasadena, California) Tj 24.156 -26.2 Td (Filed September 15, 2009) Tj -79.146 -26.2 Td (Before: Alfred) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (T.) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (Goodwin, Diarmuid) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (F.) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (O'Scannlain, and) Tj 63.918 -13.2 Td (Susan) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (P.) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (Graber, Circuit Judges.) Tj 1.398 -26.2 Td (Opinion by Judge O'Scannlain;) Tj 16.674 -13.2 Td (Dissent by Judge Graber) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 664.5 cm 0 G .9 w 0 -65.95 m 183.8 -65.95 l s .5 w 0 -130.95 m 173 -130.95 l s 1.2 w 186.6 -134.9 m 186.6 -73.8 l s 1.2 w 186.6 -213 m 186.6 -151.9 l s .9 w 0 -219.95 m 183.3 -219.95 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 292.25 -664.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13405) Tj ET Q endstream endobj 5 0 obj 2782 endobj 3 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F3 8 0 R /F4 9 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 4 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 2 2 12 0 obj << /Length 13 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 120.996 -262.2 Td 1.2 Tw 0 Tc (COUNSEL) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -120.996 -26.2 Td 4 Tw (Michael G. Doan, Doan Law Firm, Carlsbad, California,) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (argued the cause for appellant-debtor and filed briefs.) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -242.75 m 300 -242.75 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13408) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 13 0 obj 864 endobj 11 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 12 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 3 3 15 0 obj << /Length 16 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td .28 Tw 0 Tc (Randall P. Mrocynski, Cooksey Toolen Gage Duffy & Woog,) Tj 0 -13.6 Td .55 Tw (Costa Mesa, California, argued the cause for the appellee and) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.2 Tw (submitted a brief.) Tj 0 -26.9 Td .16 Tw (Tara Twomey, National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy) Tj 0 -13.6 Td .22 Tw (Attorneys, San Jose, California, submitted a brief on behalf of) Tj 0 -13.6 Td .88 Tw (amicus curiae National Association of Consumer Bankruptcy) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.2 Tw (Attorneys. With her on the brief was Cynthia Feathers.) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 123.666 -45.3 Td (OPINION) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -123.666 -26.8 Td (O'SCANNLAIN, Circuit Judge:) Tj 12 -26.8 Td .52 Tw (We must decide whether the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention) Tj -12 -13.5 Td 1.44 Tw (and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 allows a consumer in) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 2.16 Tw (bankruptcy to retain personal property subject to a security) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (interest by continuing to make payments under his contract.) Tj 148.002 -26.8 Td (I) Tj -136.002 -26.8 Td 3.25 Tw (Antoinette Dumont purchased a car in 2003 from Ford) Tj -12 -13.5 Td 2.47 Tw (Motor Credit Company \() Tj (Ford) Tj (\). The loan agreement con-) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .51 Tw (tained a clause stating that Dumont would be in default if she) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.55 Tw (was involved in a bankruptcy proceeding, also known as an) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.46 Tw (ipso facto) Tj ( clause.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (1) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Dumont filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 2.66 Tw (protection in 2006, subsequent to the effective date of the) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.66 Tw (Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.36 Tw (of 2005 \() Tj (BAPCPA) Tj (\), Pub. L. No. 109-8, 119 Stat. 23. ) Tj (The) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 3.14 Tw (vehicle was listed on the bankruptcy petition as having a) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .94 Tw (value of $5,800. At the time, she owed $8,288 on it and was) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.83 Tw (making payments of $335.78 per month. In her Bankruptcy) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26.5 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .04 Tw (1) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (The contract read: ) Tj (Default means . . . [y]ou start a proceeding in bank-) Tj -10 -11.4 Td .34 Tw (ruptcy or one is started against you or your property.) Tj ( It further states that) Tj 0 -11.4 Td .9 Tw ([i]f you default, we may take \(repossess\) the vehicle from you if we do) Tj 0 -11.4 Td 1 Tw (so peacefully.) Tj ( ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -128.65 m 300 -128.65 l s .5 w 0 -443.25 m 300 -443.25 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13409) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 16 0 obj 3210 endobj 14 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 15 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 4 4 19 0 obj << /Length 20 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.03 Tw 0 Tc (Statement of Intentions, Dumont stated that she would retain) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.2 Tw (the car and continue to make monthly payments. ) Tj 12 -24 Td 2.95 Tw (Ford's attorney e-mailed Dumont's attorney, asking that) Tj -12 -12.1 Td 1.07 Tw (Dumont reaffirm the debt. Her attorney declined the offer. It) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.66 Tw (is not clear from the record what the terms of the proposed) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.2 Tw (reaffirmation were.) Tj 12 -24 Td 1.45 Tw (Ford filed a proof of claim, to which there was no objec-) Tj -12 -12.1 Td 1 Tw (tion; thus Ford's claim was allowed. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1 Tw (502\(a\).) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.44 Tw (Dumont received a discharge on August 15, 2006. After the) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 2.08 Tw (discharge, she continued making payments on the car loan.) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .55 Tw (Without advance notice, Ford repossessed her car on Novem-) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.2 Tw (ber 14, 2006.) Tj 12 -24 Td .61 Tw (Dumont successfully moved to reopen her bankruptcy case) Tj -12 -12.1 Td 1.83 Tw (and claimed that Ford had violated the discharge injunction) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 3.3 Tw (by repossessing her car. ) Tj (The bankruptcy court denied the) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.47 Tw (motion to find Ford in violation of the discharge injunction,) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 4.55 Tw (and the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel \(BAP\) unanimously) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.2 Tw (affirmed.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 146.004 -24 Td (II) Tj -.336 -24.1 Td (A) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz -133.668 -24.1 Td 1.97 Tw ([1]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( When a debtor files for Chapter 7 bankruptcy, she is) Tj -12 -12.1 Td 1.81 Tw (required to state her intentions with regard to any property) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (2) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -24 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .85 Tw (2) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (In this case, the property was owned by an individual debtor and was) Tj -10 -10.3 Td 2.46 Tw (used for personal rather than business purposes. The bankruptcy laws) Tj 0 -10.3 Td 1.44 Tw (often treat individuals differently from other entities which may file for) Tj 0 -10.3 Td .61 Tw (bankruptcy. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See, e.g.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .61 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\) \(applying only to ) Tj (individual) Tj 0 -10.3 Td 1.31 Tw (debtor[s]) Tj (\). We also note that the property in dispute here was personal) Tj 0 -10.3 Td 1.78 Tw (property, not real property. We accordingly have no need to determine) Tj 0 -10.3 Td 1.72 Tw (whether debtors may retain their real property via ride-through. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -10.3 Td 1.64 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.64 Tw (362\(h\)\(1\) \(referring to ) Tj (personal property of the estate) Tj (\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Cara-) Tj 0 -10.3 Td 0 Tw (ballo) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 386 B.R. 398, 402 \(Bankr. D. Conn. 2008\) \() Tj (Code ) Tj ( ) Tj () Tj ( ) Tj (521\(a\)\(6\) and) Tj 0 -10.3 Td 1.19 Tw (362\(h\) abrogated the ride through option as it pertains to personal prop-) Tj 0 -10.3 Td .14 Tw (erty. However, courts have concluded that the ability of a debtor to choose) Tj 0 -10.3 Td .91 Tw (the ride though option as it relates to real property was not abrogated by) Tj 0 -10.3 Td 1.44 Tw (BAPCPA.) Tj (\). Our analysis may not necessarily hold where the debtor is) Tj 0 -10.3 Td 1 Tw (not an individual or where real property is involved. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -344.95 m 300 -344.95 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13410) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 20 0 obj 4182 endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 19 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 5 5 22 0 obj << /Length 23 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1 Tw 0 Tc (which is subject to a security interest. 11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\).) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.7 Tw (Prior to BAPCPA, our circuit law allowed the debtor to) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .66 Tw (choose among four options. First, she could merely surrender) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .52 Tw (the collateral. Second, she could redeem such collateralthat) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .24 Tw (is, pay the creditor its present fair market value. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .24 Tw (722.) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .93 Tw (The debtor could also reaffirm the debt on terms she and the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.12 Tw (creditor agreed on. Reaffirmation allowed the debtor to keep) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.28 Tw (her collateral, but re-exposed her to personal liability should) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .83 Tw (she fail to make payments as promised. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .83 Tw (524\(c\) \(set-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.85 Tw (ting conditions for reaffirmations and exempting them from) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.38 Tw (the discharge injunction\). The final optionrecognized in) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .71 Tw (only some circuitswas the so-called ) Tj (ride-through) Tj ( or ) Tj (pay) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.63 Tw (and drive.) Tj ( Under this plan, the debtor continued to make) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .6 Tw (payments as if the bankruptcy had never occurred. The credi-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .42 Tw (tor was forbidden by the automatic stay \(and later, by the dis-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .9 Tw (charge injunction\) from repossessing the collateral unless the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.71 Tw (buyer defaulted. If the buyer stopped making payments or) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .53 Tw (otherwise defaulted, then the creditor could reclaim its collat-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.81 Tw (eral but could not pursue a deficiency judgment against the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (debtor.) Tj 12 -26.2 Td .5 Tw (Unsurprisingly, the ride-through system proved popular for) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 2.63 Tw (debtors. Debtors usually need a car) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (3) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( to travel to and from) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 4.26 Tw (work, school, medical appointments, and other important) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.38 Tw (activities. Having just filed for bankruptcy, they understand-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3 Tw (ably expect to experience difficulty securing financing for) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .75 Tw (another vehicle. Accordingly, they were often willing to con-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.96 Tw (tinue payments on loans that were ) Tj (underwater) Tj ( \(i.e., loans) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.8 Tw (for which the amount due exceeded the value of the collat-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (eral\).) Tj 12 -26.2 Td 1.95 Tw (Some creditors embraced ride-through, even allowing the) Tj -12 -13.2 Td .2 Tw (debtor to keep making payments in circuits which did not rec-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.81 Tw (ognize the option. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See, e.g.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, Jean Braucher, Rash ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (and Ride-) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 2 Tw (3) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (Ride-through was not limited to automobile loans. However, as the) Tj -10 -11.2 Td .97 Tw (name implies, ride-through was used most frequently to allow debtors to) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (hold on to an automobile. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -455.35 m 300 -455.35 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13411) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 23 0 obj 4006 endobj 21 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 22 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 6 6 25 0 obj << /Length 26 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 2.4 Tw 0 Tc (Through Redux) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 13 A) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz 2.37 Tw (M) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 2.4 Tw (. B) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz 2.37 Tw (ANKR) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 2.4 Tw (. I) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz 2.37 Tw (NST) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 2.4 Tw (. L. R) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz 2.37 Tw (EV) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 2.4 Tw (. 457, 474-81) Tj 0 -12.5 Td 2.25 Tw (\(2005\). On the other hand, creditors might believe that the) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .39 Tw (buyer was unlikely to follow through with the plan or that the) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.25 Tw (collateral might decrease in value faster than payments were) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.57 Tw (coming in. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See Till v. SCS Credit Corp.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 541 U.S. 465, 479) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.55 Tw (\(2004\) \(plurality opinion\) \(acknowledging the increased risk) Tj 0 -12.6 Td .25 Tw (of non-payment by bankrupt debtors in the Chapter 13 ) Tj (cram-) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.14 Tw (down context\); ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (id. ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (at 502 \(Scalia, J., dissenting\) \(noting the) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.2 Tw (risk due to depreciation\).) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (4) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 145.998 -25 Td 1.2 Tw (B) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz -133.998 -25 Td 1.7 Tw ([2]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Prior to BAPCPA, we had held that ride-through was) Tj -12 -12.6 Td 1.28 Tw (available to debtors. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (McClellan Fed. Credit Union v. Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -12.6 Td 2.23 Tw (\() Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (\), 139 F.3d 668 \(9th Cir. 1998\). The Second,) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 2.12 Tw (Third, Fourth, and Tenth Circuits held likewise.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (5) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Other cir-) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.2 Tw (cuits rejected ride-through.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (6) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -25 Td 1.47 Tw (In ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, we relied on the clear language of the statute,) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (7) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz -2 -24.8 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .21 Tw (4) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (The BAP expressed some confusion about Ford's decision to repossess) Tj -10 -10.7 Td 1.26 Tw (given that Dumont was making payments. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Dumont) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 383 B.R. 481,) Tj 0 -10.7 Td .5 Tw (489 n.17 \(BAP 9th Cir. 2008\). We decline to speculate as to Ford's moti-) Tj 0 -10.7 Td .49 Tw (vations in this case; we only note that a decision to repossess might make) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 1 Tw (financial sense under certain sets of assumptions. ) Tj 10 -13.4 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 0 Tw (5) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See Price v. Del. State Police Fed. Credit Union) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( \() Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Price) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\), 370 F.3d) Tj -10 -10.7 Td .55 Tw (362 \(3d Cir. 2004\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Capital Commc'ns Fed. Credit Union v. Boodrow) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( \() Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 1.08 Tw (re Boodrow) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\), 126 F.3d 43 \(2d Cir. 1997\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Home Owners Funding Corp.) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 2.12 Tw (of Am. v. Belanger) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 962 F.2d 345 \(4th Cir. 1992\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Lowry Fed. Credit) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 1 Tw (Union v. West) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 882 F.2d 1543 \(10th Cir. 1989\). ) Tj 10 -13.4 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .47 Tw (6) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See Bank of Boston v. Burr) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( \() Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Burr) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\), 160 F.3d 843 \(1st Cir. 1998\);) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz -10 -10.7 Td .13 Tw (Johnson v. Sun Fin. Co.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( \() Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Johnson) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\), 89 F.3d 249, 252 \(5th Cir. 1996\);) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -10.7 Td 1.36 Tw (Taylor v. Age Fed. Credit Union ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\() Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Taylor) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\), 3 F.3d 1512 \(11th Cir.) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 1.2 Tw (1993\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Edwards) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 901 F.2d 1383 \(7th Cir. 1990\). The Sixth Circuit) Tj 0 -10.7 Td .64 Tw (rejected a proposal similar to ride-through in ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (General Motors Acceptance) Tj 0 -10.7 Td .8 Tw (Corp. v. Bell) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( \() Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Bell) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\), 700 F.2d 1053, 1056-58 \(6th Cir. 1983\). How-) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 2.84 Tw (ever, that decision predated the 1984 amendments to the Bankruptcy) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 1.47 Tw (Code, which ) Tj (include[d] the language that gave rise to the ride-through) Tj 0 -10.7 Td .72 Tw (dispute. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Coastal Fed. Credit Union v. Hardiman) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 398 B.R. 161, 171 n.8) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 1 Tw (\(E.D.N.C. 2008\). ) Tj 10 -13.4 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 3.47 Tw (7) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (At the time ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Parker ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (was decided, the relevant statute, 11 U.S.C.) Tj -10 -10.7 Td 1 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1 Tw (521\(2\) read: ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -245.55 m 300 -245.55 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13412) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 26 0 obj 5907 endobj 24 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 10 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 25 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 7 7 28 0 obj << /Length 29 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.33 Tw 0 Tc (holding that the debtor was required only to file a statement) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 2.48 Tw (of intention under then-current section 521\(2\)\(A\). We read) Tj 0 -13.8 Td .18 Tw (the statute to require the debtor to declare an intent to redeem,) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 2.25 Tw (reaffirm, or surrender only ) Tj () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2.25 Tw (`if applicable,'that is, if the) Tj 0 -13.8 Td .69 Tw (debtor plan[ned] to choose any of the three options listed . . .) Tj 0 -13.8 Td .81 Tw (in the statute.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 139 F.3d at 673 \(quoting then-current) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 8.28 Tw (11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 8.28 Tw (521\(2\)\(A\)\). ) Tj (The debtor's other options) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 5.5 Tw (remain[ed] available, as unambiguously stated in [then-) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 2.48 Tw (current] ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2.48 Tw (521\(2\)\(C\): ) Tj ([N]othing in subparagraph[) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2.48 Tw (]\(A\) . . .) Tj 0 -13.7 Td 1.8 Tw (shall alter the debtor's or the trustee's rights with regard to) Tj 0 -13.7 Td -.73 Tw (such property under this title.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Id. ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (\(final two alterations in origi-) Tj /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.7 Td 1.2 Tw (nal\).) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (8) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 145.998 -27.3 Td 1.2 Tw (C) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz -133.998 -27.3 Td 1.5 Tw ([3]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( BAPCPA wrought several changes in the Code which) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 6 -27 Td 2.43 Tw () Tj 7.5 Tw ( ) Tj 2.43 Tw ([I]f an individual debtor's schedule of assets and liabilities) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 1.83 Tw (includes consumer debts which are secured by property of the) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 1 Tw (estate[, the debtor shall] ) Tj 0 -16.8 Td .98 Tw () Tj 7.5 Tw ( ) Tj .98 Tw (\(A\) within thirty days after the date of the filing of a petition) Tj 0 -11.6 Td .64 Tw (under chapter 7 of this title or on or before the date of the meet-) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 1.58 Tw (ing of creditors, whichever is earlier, or within such additional) Tj 0 -11.6 Td .87 Tw (time as the court, for cause, within such period fixes, the debtor) Tj 0 -11.6 Td .89 Tw (shall file with the clerk a statement of his intention with respect) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 1.01 Tw (to the retention or surrender of such property and, if applicable,) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 2.97 Tw (specifying that such property is claimed as exempt, that the) Tj 0 -11.6 Td .26 Tw (debtor intends to redeem such property, or that the debtor intends) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 1 Tw (to reaffirm debts secured by such property; ) Tj 0 -16.8 Td .94 Tw () Tj 7.5 Tw ( ) Tj .94 Tw (\(B\) within forty-five days after the filing of a notice of intent) Tj 0 -11.6 Td .28 Tw (under this section, or within such additional time as the court, for) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 1.76 Tw (cause, within such forty-five day period fixes, the debtor shall) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 1 Tw (perform his intention with respect to such property, as specified) Tj 0 -11.6 Td (by subparagraph \(A\) of this paragraph; and ) Tj 0 -16.8 Td 1.95 Tw () Tj 7.5 Tw ( ) Tj 1.95 Tw (\(C\) nothing in subparagraphs \(A\) and \(B\) of this paragraph) Tj 0 -11.6 Td .74 Tw (shall alter the debtor's or the trustee's rights with regard to such) Tj 0 -11.6 Td 1 Tw (property under this title[.] ) Tj -8 -14.5 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (8) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 1 Tw (Subparagraph \(C\) became known as the savings clause. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -226.75 m 300 -226.75 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13413) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 29 0 obj 4190 endobj 27 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 28 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 8 8 32 0 obj << /Length 33 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.66 Tw 0 Tc (may be applicable to ride-through. First, it amended section) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .47 Tw (521\(2\), which is now section 521\(a\)\(2\). Most relevant for our) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.28 Tw (purposes, the savings clause in subparagraph \(C\) now reads:) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.42 Tw ([N]othing in subparagraphs \(A\) and \(B\) of this paragraph) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.8 Tw (shall alter the debtor's or the trustee's rights with regard to) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.85 Tw (such property under this title, ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (except as provided in section) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.61 Tw (362\(h\)) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (. \(emphasis added\). 11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.61 Tw (362\(h\), added by) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .66 Tw (BAPCPA, states that the automatic stay is terminated and the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.27 Tw (property shall no longer be property of the estate if the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (debtor fails) Tj () Tj 22 -26.3 Td .41 Tw (\(A\) to file timely any statement of intention required) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.45 Tw (. . . or to indicate in such statement that the debtor) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .42 Tw (will either surrender such personal property or retain) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.47 Tw (it and, if retaining such personal property, either) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.66 Tw (redeem [,reaffirm,] or assume such unexpired lease) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .62 Tw (pursuant to section 365\(p\)) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (9) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( if the trustee does not do) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (so, as applicable; and ) Tj 0 -26.2 Td .92 Tw (\(B\) to take timely the action specified in such state-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.51 Tw (ment, . . . unless such statement specifies the debt-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.91 Tw (or's intention to reaffirm such debt on the original) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .63 Tw (contract terms and the creditor refuses to agree . . . .) Tj -10 -26.2 Td 1.2 Tw (A new section 521\(a\)\(6\) was added as well.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (10) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -26.2 Td 1.2 Tw (A new section 521\(d\) provides that) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz -2 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 0 Tw (9) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (Section 365\(p\) addresses the assumption of unexpired leases. Added by) Tj -10 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (BAPCPA, it appears to have no relevance to this case. ) Tj 10 -14 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.1 Tw (10) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (It read, in part: ) Tj ([The debtor shall] not retain possession of personal) Tj -10 -11.2 Td .1 Tw (property as to which a creditor has an allowed claim for the purchase price) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .4 Tw (secured in whole or in part by an interest in such personal property unless) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.42 Tw (the debtor [timely] either . . . [reaffirms] or . . . redeems such property) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .64 Tw (. . . . Later, it continues: ) Tj (If the debtor fails to so act . . ., the stay under) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.43 Tw (section 362\(a\) is terminated with respect to the . . . affected [property],) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.36 Tw (such property shall no longer be property of the estate, and the creditor) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .18 Tw (may take whatever action as to such property as is permitted by applicable) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (nonbankruptcy law.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( at ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1 Tw (521\(a\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -362.95 m 300 -362.95 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13414) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 33 0 obj 3984 endobj 31 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 32 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 9 9 35 0 obj << /Length 36 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 22 -8.4 Td .33 Tw 0 Tc () Tj 9 Tw ( ) Tj .33 Tw ([i]f the debtor fails timely to take the action speci-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 3.81 Tw (fied in [) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.81 Tw (521\(a\)\(6\) or ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.81 Tw (362\(h\)\(A\) or \(B\)], with) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.15 Tw (respect to property . . . as to which a creditor holds) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.07 Tw (a security interest not otherwise voidable . . ., noth-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .4 Tw (ing in this title shall prevent or limit the operation of) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .41 Tw (a provision in the underlying lease or agreement that) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.14 Tw (has the effect of placing the debtor in default under) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .3 Tw (such lease or agreement by reason of the occurrence,) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.57 Tw (pendency, or existence of a proceeding under this) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.03 Tw (title or the insolvency of the debtor. Nothing in this) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .57 Tw (subsection shall be deemed to justify limiting such a) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.2 Tw (provision in any other circumstance.) Tj 123.668 -26.3 Td (D) Tj -133.668 -26.3 Td 2.07 Tw (BAPCPA has been criticized for its lack of clarity.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (11) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( We) Tj -12 -13.3 Td .07 Tw (agree that BAPCPA is hardly the very model of a well-drafted) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .63 Tw (statute. However, it is our task to interpret the laws as passed) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .47 Tw (by Congress without attempting to force them to cohere more) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.21 Tw (than their words allow. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See Miller v. DaimlerChrysler Fin.) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.14 Tw (Servs. Ams) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (., ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (LLC) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( \() Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Miller) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (\), 570 F.3d 633, 639 \(5th Cir.) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .08 Tw (2009\) \() Tj ([P]erceived poor drafting [in BAPCPA] should not be) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.5 Tw (11) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See, e.g., In re Donald) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 343 B.R. 524, 529 \(Bankr. E.D.N.C. 2006\)) Tj -10 -11.2 Td 4.51 Tw (\(stating with respect to ride-through: ) Tj (Unfortunately, the BAPCPA) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .81 Tw (amendments do not provide a clear answer. The amendments are confus-) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.58 Tw (ing, overlapping, and sometimes self-contradictory. They introduce new) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 2.37 Tw (and undefined terms that resemble, but are different from, established) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.2 Tw (terms that are well understood. Furthermore, the new provisions address) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.1 Tw (some situations that are unlikely to arise. Deciphering this puzzle is like) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 3.89 Tw (trying to solve a Rubik's Cube that arrived with a manufacturer's) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .16 Tw (defect.\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Steinhaus) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 349 B.R. 694, 706 \(Bankr. D. Idaho 2006\) \() Tj ([I]t) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.25 Tw (appears unmistakable that Congress drafted, or allowed to be drafted by) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 3.57 Tw (others and then enacted, provisions with `loose' and imprecise lan-) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (guage.\); Keith Lundin, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Ten Principles of BAPCPA) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, Am. Bankr. Inst. J.,) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .53 Tw (Sept. 2005, at 1, 1 \() Tj (The list of drafting errors and incomprehensible pro-) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 2.38 Tw (visions grows every day as bankruptcy professionals digest BAPCPA.) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .2 Tw (Especially the consumer parts, this legislation was not written or vetted by) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.6 Tw (the practitioners and scholars usually involved in bankruptcy legislative) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (efforts.\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -298.55 m 300 -298.55 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13415) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 36 0 obj 4382 endobj 34 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 35 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 10 10 38 0 obj << /Length 39 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.66 Tw 0 Tc (regarded as a license to invalidate plain-text readings in the) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.2 Tw (name of fixing a statute that some believe is broken.) Tj (\).) Tj 12 -25.9 Td 1.43 Tw (In doing so, we are guided by traditional canons of statu-) Tj -12 -13 Td 1.33 Tw (tory interpretation. We first note the principle ) Tj (that a statute) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.8 Tw (ought, upon the whole, to be so construed that, if it can be) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.08 Tw (prevented, no clause, sentence, or word shall be superfluous,) Tj 0 -13 Td .53 Tw (void, or insignificant.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (TRW Inc. v. Andrews) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 534 U.S. 19, 31) Tj 0 -13 Td 4.5 Tw (\(2001\) \(internal quotation marks omitted\). Courts should) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.07 Tw (decline to render any ) Tj (express exception . . . insignificant, if) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.65 Tw (not wholly superfluous.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( \(internal quotation marks omit-) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.8 Tw (ted\). However, according to the plain meaning rule, ) Tj (where) Tj 0 -13 Td .34 Tw (the language of an enactment is clear [or, in modern parlance,) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.47 Tw (plain], and construction according to its terms does not lead) Tj 0 -13 Td .28 Tw (to absurd or impracticable consequences, the words employed) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .7 Tw (are to be taken as the final expression of the meaning intend-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.63 Tw (ed. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (United States v. Mo. Pac. R.R. Co.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 278 U.S. 269, 278) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .21 Tw (\(1929\). The scope and applicability of the absurdity exception) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (to the plain meaning rule is a subject of vigorous debate.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (12) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -25.9 Td .2 Tw (We further note that, in general, legislative history is not an) Tj -12 -13.1 Td 2.23 Tw (able guide here. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See, e.g.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 139 F.3d at 673 \(noting) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .11 Tw (that, in the ride-through context, ) Tj ([t]he legislative history is of) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.78 Tw (little assistance) Tj (\); ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Donald) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 343 B.R. at 532-33 \(noting the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .47 Tw (sparse legislative history available for BAPCPA section 305\).) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.25 Tw (Nor do the purposes of the bankruptcy code provide much) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.53 Tw (aid. Bankruptcy law serves two central but often conflicting) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.07 Tw (interests. As Dumont rightly notes, bankruptcy law aims to) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .47 Tw (protect the ) Tj (honest but unfortunate debtor.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Local Loan Co v.) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.46 Tw (Hunt) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 292 U.S. 234, 244 \(1934\). On the other hand, since) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.37 Tw (ancient times, bankruptcy has also been seen as promoting) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -25.8 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.91 Tw (12) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See, e.g.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, John F. Manning, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (The Absurdity Doctrine) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 116 H) Tj /F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz 1.88 Tw (ARV) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.91 Tw (. L.) Tj -10 -11.1 Td 1.01 Tw (R) Tj /F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz .99 Tw (EV) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.01 Tw (. 2387, 2486 \(2003\) \(criticizing the absurdity doctrine as ) Tj (entail[ing]) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .02 Tw (the exercise of judicial authority to displace the outcomes of the legislative) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .55 Tw (process) Tj (\); Cass R. Sunstein, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Interpreting Statutes in the Regulatory State) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 2.8 Tw (103 H) Tj /F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz 2.76 Tw (ARV) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 2.8 Tw (. L. R) Tj /F2 7 Tf 101.4 Tz 2.76 Tw (EV) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 2.8 Tw (. 405, 440-41 \(1989\) \(defending the use of ) Tj (more) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 3.98 Tw (aggressive means ) Tj (when conventional interpretation would produce) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 1 Tw (absurdity or gross injustice) Tj (\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -411.25 m 300 -411.25 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13416) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 39 0 obj 4839 endobj 37 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 38 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 11 11 41 0 obj << /Length 42 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td .7 Tw 0 Tc (creditor interests as well. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See United States v. Kras) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 409 U.S.) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.42 Tw (434, 447 \(1973\) \(noting that discharge provisions developed) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .3 Tw (in England as a reward for a cooperating debtors\); Thomas H.) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .12 Tw (Jackson, ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (The Fresh-Start Policy in Bankruptcy Law) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 98 H) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .11 Tw (ARV) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .12 Tw (.) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.41 Tw (L. R) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz 1.39 Tw (EV) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.41 Tw (. 1393, 1395 n.5 \(1985\) \(recognizing ) Tj ([t]he compara-) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 2.62 Tw (tive newness of the fresh-start policy in bankruptcy law) Tj (\).) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1 Tw (Because of the importance of secured lending to the nation's) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .05 Tw (economy, secured creditors have been the subject of particular) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .3 Tw (congressional solicitude. This policy can be seen in other pro-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 3.8 Tw (visions of BAPCPA, including one change which clearly) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.2 Tw (reflects congressional concern for auto lenders.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (13) Tj 0 Ts /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -26.5 Td 4.18 Tw ([4]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Finally, we observe that congressional power over) Tj -12 -13.3 Td .32 Tw (bankruptcy affairs is limited by the constitutional requirement) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .25 Tw (that the bankruptcy laws be ) Tj (uniform.) Tj ( U.S. C) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .24 Tw (ONST) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .25 Tw (. art. I, ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .25 Tw (8,) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .55 Tw (cl. 4. This principle was explained in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Hanover National Bank) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.7 Tw (v. Moyses) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 186 U.S. 181 \(1902\), which found constitutional) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .7 Tw (a provision of the Bankruptcy Code which set exemptions by) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .9 Tw (looking to state law. There, it held that ) Tj (the system [was], in) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 5.71 Tw (the constitutional sense, uniform throughout the United) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.85 Tw (States, when the trustee takes in each state whatever would) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .21 Tw (have been available to the creditor if the bankrupt law had not) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .96 Tw (been passed. The general operation of the law [was] uniform) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.5 Tw (although it [might] result in certain particulars differently in) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .02 Tw (different states.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Id. ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (at 190. This is but an example of the prin-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .92 Tw (ciple that federal bankruptcy law generally leaves ) Tj (the deter-) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26.2 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.26 Tw (13) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (Prior to BAPCPA, Chapter 13 debtors could ) Tj (cramdown) Tj ( car loans,) Tj -10 -11.3 Td 1.15 Tw (bifurcating them into a secured portion equal to the present value of the) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1.54 Tw (automobile and an unsecured portion containing the remaining debt. ) Tj (It) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1.13 Tw (seems to be undisputed that Congress viewed this use of `cramdown' as) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1.4 Tw (abusive and unfair to car lenders and other lienholders, so it sought to) Tj () Tj 0 -11.3 Td .46 Tw (give extra protection to these secured lenders. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Dean) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 537 F.3d 1315,) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .72 Tw (1318 \(11th Cir. 2008\). BAPCPA did not alter Chapter 13 debtors' ability) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 2.47 Tw (to surrender the collateral or renegotiate a deal with the creditor, but) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .09 Tw (required them to make payments based on the full amount of the creditor's) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1.39 Tw (claim where the automobile had been purchased within 910 days of the) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .6 Tw (bankruptcy and met certain other requirements. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See In re Jones) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 530 F.3d) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1 Tw (1284, 1289 \(10th Cir. 2008\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -353.35 m 300 -353.35 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13417) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 42 0 obj 4757 endobj 40 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 41 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 12 12 44 0 obj << /Length 45 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td .33 Tw 0 Tc (mination of property rights in the assets of a bankrupt's estate) Tj 0 -12.9 Td .3 Tw (to state law.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Butner v. United States) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 440 U.S. 48, 54 \(1979\).) Tj 0 -12.9 Td 1.44 Tw (It would raise serious constitutional questions for us to con-) Tj 0 -12.9 Td 3.18 Tw (clude that Congress affirmatively intended to promote the) Tj 0 -12.9 Td 3.41 Tw (non-uniform system caused by the circuit split over ride-) Tj 0 -12.9 Td 1.25 Tw (through. The Supreme Court has counseled us to avoid such) Tj 0 -12.9 Td .14 Tw (conclusions ) Tj (unless [the alternate] construction is plainly con-) Tj 0 -12.9 Td 1.25 Tw (trary to the intent of Congress.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Edward J. DeBartolo Corp.) Tj 0 -13 Td .83 Tw (v. Fla. Gulf Coast Bldg. & Constr. Trades Council) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 485 U.S.) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.58 Tw (568, 575 \(1988\). Given the amendment of section 521\(a\)\(2\)) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.36 Tw (and the enactment of section 362\(h\), it is unlikely that Con-) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.92 Tw (gress failed to foresee that BAPCPA would have a major) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.42 Tw (impact on ride-through. Accordingly, we assume that Con-) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.46 Tw (gress intended to make ride-through available in all circuits,) Tj 0 -13 Td .94 Tw (or none. The direction and tenor of the changes, which place) Tj 0 -13 Td .87 Tw (new duties on debtors and create new sanctions for failure to) Tj 0 -13 Td 3.62 Tw (comply, suggest that Congress did not intend to increase) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.2 Tw (access to ride-through by passing BAPCPA.) Tj 144.006 -25.8 Td (III) Tj 1.662 -25.8 Td (A) Tj -133.668 -25.8 Td 1.5 Tw (We must therefore decide whether our decision in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz -12 -13 Td .62 Tw (survived BAPCPA. The bankruptcy court held that it did not,) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.53 Tw (and that accordingly Dumont had no right to ride-through.) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.88 Tw (The Ninth Circuit Bankruptcy Appellate Panel unanimously) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.04 Tw (agreed, following the lead of every bankruptcy court to have) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.61 Tw (considered whether ride-through is still available to debtors,) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.33 Tw (at least those who did not seek reaffirmation. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Dumont) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.2 Tw (383 B.R. 481 \(BAP 9th Cir. 2008\).) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (14) Tj 0 Ts /F2 9 Tf 100 Tz 180.921 -13.7 Td .9 Tw (\() Tj (Text continued on page ) Tj (13420) Tj (\)) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz -170.921 -25.7 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .15 Tw (14) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (The BAP cited the following bankruptcy court decisions as supporting) Tj -10 -11.1 Td 2.52 Tw (its conclusion: ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Bower) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, No. 07-60126-FRA7, 2007 WL 2163472) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 1.23 Tw (\(Bankr. D. Or. July 26, 2007\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Moustafi) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 371 B.R. 434 \(Bankr. D.) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .42 Tw (Ariz. 2007\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Openshaw) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, No. 06C-24120, 2007 WL 2916294 \(Bankr.) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 2.68 Tw (D. Utah Mar. 12, 2007\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Ertha Rice) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, No. 06-10975, 2007 WL) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 2.47 Tw (781893 \(Bankr. E.D. Pa. Mar.12, 2007\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Husain) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 364 B.R. 211) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -422.45 m 300 -422.45 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13418) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 45 0 obj 4153 endobj 43 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 30 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 44 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 13 13 47 0 obj << /Length 48 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -7.8 Td 1.64 Tw 0 Tc (\(Bankr. E.D. Va. 2007\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Blakeley) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 363 B.R. 225 \(Bankr. D. Utah) Tj 0 -12.2 Td .25 Tw (2007\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re McFall) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 356 B.R. 674 \(Bankr. N.D. Ohio 2006\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Ruona) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj 0 -12.2 Td .11 Tw (353 B.R. 688 \(Bankr. D.N.M. 2006\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Riggs) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, No. 06-60346, 2006 WL) Tj 0 -12.2 Td .65 Tw (2990218 \(Bankr.W.D. Mo. Oct. 12, 2006\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Steinhaus) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 349 B.R. 694) Tj 0 -12.2 Td 1.52 Tw (\(Bankr. D. Idaho 2006\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Anderson) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 348 B.R. 652 \(Bankr. D. Del.) Tj 0 -12.2 Td .8 Tw (2006\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Norton) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 347 B.R. 291 \(Bankr. E.D. Tenn. 2006\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Don-) Tj 0 -12.2 Td 1.45 Tw (ald) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 343 B.R. 524 \(Bankr. E.D.N.C. 2006\);) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Boring) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 346 B.R. 178) Tj 0 -12.2 Td 1.28 Tw (\(Bankr. N.D. W. Va. 2006\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Rowe) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 342 B.R. 341 \(Bankr. D. Kan.) Tj 0 -12.2 Td .3 Tw (2006\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Craker) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 337 B.R. 549 \(Bankr. M.D.N.C. 2006\). Several cases) Tj 0 -12.2 Td 1.11 Tw (after the BAP's decision also have concluded that ride-through has been) Tj 0 -12.2 Td 2.45 Tw (eliminated where there was no attempt at reaffirmation. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Fees v. Ford) Tj 0 -12.2 Td 1.6 Tw (Motor Credit Co) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (., No. CV07-389-S-EFL, 2008 WL 4630668 \(D. Idaho) Tj 0 -12.2 Td .73 Tw (Oct 17, 2008\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Baine) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 393 B.R. 561 \(Bankr. S.D. Ohio 2008\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re) Tj 0 -12.2 Td 1 Tw (Jones) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 397 B.R. 775 \(S.D. W. Va. 2008\). ) Tj 10 -17.6 Td 1.26 Tw (Dumont notes that some courts have allowed ride-through after BAP-) Tj -10 -12.2 Td .64 Tw (CPA. However, in each of these cases, there was ) Tj (substantial compliance) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .86 Tw (with ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .86 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\), ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .86 Tw (521\(a\)\(6\), and ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .86 Tw (362\(h\).) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Jones) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 397 B.R. at 788 \(cit-) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .07 Tw (ing ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Baker) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 390 B.R. 524 \(Bankr. D. Del. 2008\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Chim) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 381 B.R.) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .94 Tw (191 \(Bankr. D. Md. 2008\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Moustafi) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 371 B.R. at 434; ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Husain) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 364 B.R.) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .97 Tw (at 211; ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Blakeley) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 363) Tj ( B.R. at 225\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (see also Hardiman) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 398 B.R. at 161.) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .86 Tw (In each of these cases, the debtor submitted a reaffirmation agreement to) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .97 Tw (the bankruptcy court, which rejected the agreement as not in compliance) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.19 Tw (with 11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.19 Tw (524\(c\) for reasons beyond the debtor's control. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -12.1 Td 1.15 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.15 Tw (524\(c\)\(6\)\(A\)\(ii\) \(requiring the court to declare the reaffirmation agree-) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.26 Tw (ment in the best interests of the debtor before approving it if the debtor) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 2.01 Tw (is unrepresented\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2.01 Tw (524\(c\)\(3\)\(B\) \(requiring the attorney of a repre-) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.84 Tw (sented debtor to certify that the agreement ) Tj (does not impose an undue) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 2.03 Tw (hardship on the debtor or a dependent of the debtor) Tj ( before it can be) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1 Tw (approved\). ) Tj 10 -17.5 Td 1.5 Tw (Here, it is undisputed that Dumont rejected an offer of reaffirmation.) Tj -10 -12.1 Td .05 Tw (We need not address what might have been had Dumont attempted to reaf-) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 1.15 Tw (firm only to be rebuffed by either Ford or the bankruptcy court. We are) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 2.28 Tw (aware that not addressing this scenario leaves the law of ride-through) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 2.1 Tw (unclear, creating uncertainty) Tj ( for many Chapter 7 debtors and creditors) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 7.05 Tw (alike. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (Am. Bankr. Inst., Annual Non-Business Filings by) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 2.8 Tw (Chapter \(2007-08\), http://www.abiworld.org/AM/TemplateRedirect.cfm?) Tj 0 -12.1 Td 2.06 Tw (template=/CM/ContentDisplay.cfm&ContentID=56830 \(last visited Aug.) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .62 Tw (25, 2009\) \(indicating that 96,678 Chapter 7 cases were filed in California) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .87 Tw (alone\). However, it is a rule of long standing that federal courts may not) Tj 0 -12.1 Td .42 Tw (issue advisory opinions. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See Muskrat v. United State) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (s, 219 U.S. 346, 352-) Tj 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13419) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 48 0 obj 5890 endobj 46 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 49 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 47 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 14 14 51 0 obj << /Length 52 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 145.998 -8.4 Td 1.2 Tw 0 Tc (B) Tj -133.998 -27.5 Td 2.37 Tw (We start with section 521\(a\)\(2\). Dumont asserts that the) Tj -12 -13.9 Td 2.08 Tw (retention of ) Tj (if applicable) Tj ( in that section demonstrates the) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 6.26 Tw (continuing existence of ride-through. Because Congress) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 2.47 Tw (would have known that this court \(and the Fourth Circuit\)) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 0 Tw (relied on this phrase to establish ride-through, Dumont argues,) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.06 Tw (it would have eliminated the phrase had it intended to elimi-) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.66 Tw (nate ride-through. This argument is not without some force.) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.81 Tw (Yet, were we to accept Dumont's view, the amendments to) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .47 Tw (the savings clause and its reference to section 362\(h\)) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (15) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( simply) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .36 Tw (have no effect. We cannot rely solely on ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Parker ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (and write the) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.2 Tw (2005 amendments out of the Bankruptcy Code.) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -27.5 Td .75 Tw ([5]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( A core underpinning of ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz () Tj (that the only manda-) Tj -12 -13.9 Td 1.23 Tw (tory act is the filing of the statement of intention,) Tj ( 139 F.3d) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.9 Tw (at 673is inconsistent with the amendments, which clearly) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .2 Tw (provide that the debtor shall not only file a statement of inten-) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 2.88 Tw (tion but also follow through with his expressed intent. 11) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 2.51 Tw (U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2.51 Tw (362\(h\). Another pillar of its holding was that the) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 7.66 Tw (savings clause indicated ) Tj (unambiguously) Tj ( that section) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 1.53 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\) did not alter the debtor's rights with regard to the) Tj 0 -13.8 Td .7 Tw (collateral. 139 F.3d at 673. With the addition of an exception) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 2.28 Tw (for section 362\(h\), this conclusion is not only obsolete but) Tj 0 -13.8 Td .75 Tw (actively contradicted. The inclusion of the exception strongly) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 3.14 Tw (implies that section 362\(h\) can, in fact, alter the debtor's) Tj 0 -13.8 Td 1.2 Tw (rights with regard to the collateral.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -27.2 Td 1.25 Tw (60 \(1911\) \(recounting the origins of the rule, which date back to 1792\).) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1.49 Tw (We note that, in an appropriate case dealing with this issue, scheduling) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 2.39 Tw (priority may be appropriate because of the significant impact of ride-) Tj 0 -11.7 Td .65 Tw (through on Chapter 7 bankruptcy practice. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (9th Cir. R. 27-12; 9th Cir.) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1 Tw (Gen. Order 3.3\(g\). ) Tj 10 -14.6 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.78 Tw (15) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ([N]othing in subparagraphs \(A\) and \(B\) of this [) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.78 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)] shall) Tj -10 -11.7 Td .32 Tw (alter the debtor's or the trustee's rights with regard to such property under) Tj 0 -11.7 Td .06 Tw (this title, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (except as provided in section 362\(h\)) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ([.]) Tj ( 11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .06 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)\(C\)) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1 Tw (\(emphasis added\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -380.65 m 300 -380.65 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13420) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 52 0 obj 4077 endobj 50 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 49 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 51 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 15 15 54 0 obj << /Length 55 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -8.4 Td 1.41 Tw 0 Tc ([6]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( We now turn to that section to see if Dumont's rights) Tj -12 -12.5 Td 2.27 Tw (were altered. As earlier noted, in this circuit the only duty) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .8 Tw (imposed by pre-BAPCPA law was to file the notice of inten-) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .3 Tw (tion. A specification of intent to redeem or reaffirm need only) Tj 0 -12.5 Td 4.67 Tw (have been communicated ) Tj (if applicable) Tj (that is, if the) Tj 0 -12.5 Td 1.53 Tw (debtor chose one of those options. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 139 F.3d at 673.) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .26 Tw (Section 362\(h\)\(1\)\(A\) makes clear that the debtor now has two) Tj 0 -12.5 Td 1.81 Tw (duties with respect to the statement of intention. As before,) Tj 0 -12.5 Td 4.91 Tw (the debtor must ) Tj (file timely any statement of intention) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .14 Tw (required under section 521\(a\)\(2\).) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( But now, he must ) Tj (indi-) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .27 Tw (cate in such statement that) Tj ( he will do one of four things: sur-) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .07 Tw (render, redeem, reaffirm, or assume an unexpired lease. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( To) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .21 Tw (be specific, he must indicate ) Tj (either) Tj ( surrender ) Tj (or) Tj ( retention;) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .63 Tw (if he chooses the latter, he must indicate ) Tj (either) Tj ( redemption,) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .77 Tw (reaffirmation, ) Tj (or) Tj ( assumption. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj (Either) Tj ( means ) Tj ([t]he one) Tj 0 -12.5 Td .28 Tw (or the other.) Tj ( A) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .27 Tw (MERICAN) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .28 Tw ( H) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .27 Tw (ERITAGE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .28 Tw ( D) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .27 Tw (ICTIONARY) Tj 2.12 Tw ( ) Tj .27 Tw (OF) Tj 2.12 Tw ( ) Tj .27 Tw (THE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .28 Tw ( E) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .27 Tw (NGLISH) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 0 -12.5 Td 2.16 Tw (L) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz 2.13 Tw (ANGUAGE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 2.16 Tw ( 572 \(4th ed. 2000\). Although traditionally it has) Tj 0 -12.5 Td 1.43 Tw (referred to only two items, the standards of the English lan-) Tj 0 -12.5 Td 2.5 Tw (guage have degenerated such that either is now acceptable) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.7 Tw (with more than two clauses. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( at 572-73 \(usage note\).) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.93 Tw (However, the ) Tj (either . . . or) Tj ( disjunction has always meant) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.2 Tw (that one of the listed alternatives must be satisfied.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (16) Tj 0 Ts /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -24.9 Td .84 Tw ([7]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Thus, while Dumont filed a statement of intention, and) Tj -12 -12.6 Td 2 Tw (properly stated that she intended to retain the property, she) Tj 0 -12.6 Td .6 Tw (failed to indicate one of the three permissible means of doing) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 4.24 Tw (so. Accordingly, the automatic stay was terminated with) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.85 Tw (respect to her automobile. Furthermore, the automobile was) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 1.2 Tw (no longer the property of the estate.) Tj 12 -24.9 Td .83 Tw (We pause to note an exception to section 362\(h\). A debtor) Tj -12 -12.6 Td 1.2 Tw (who files an intent to reaffirm on the original contract terms) Tj 0 -12.6 Td .15 Tw (but is unable to complete such a reaffirmation due to the cred-) Tj 0 -12.6 Td 2 Tw (itor's refusal is not subject to the section.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (17) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Ride-through is) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -24.7 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.27 Tw (16) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (For instance, if a person states he will do either A or B, he has not) Tj -10 -10.7 Td .53 Tw (complied with his statement if he instead does C \(even if A, B, and C are) Tj 0 -10.7 Td 1 Tw (in the same class of actions\). ) Tj 10 -13.4 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.55 Tw (17) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.55 Tw (362\(h\)\(B\) \(requiring the debtor ) Tj (to take timely the) Tj -10 -10.7 Td .55 Tw (action specified in such statement, . . . ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (unless such statement specifies the) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -432.95 m 300 -432.95 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13421) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 55 0 obj 5097 endobj 53 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 49 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 54 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 16 16 57 0 obj << /Length 58 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td .33 Tw 0 Tc (functionally indistinguishable from reaffirmation on the origi-) Tj 0 -14 Td 1.42 Tw (nal terms except for the lack of personal liability in the for-) Tj 0 -14 Td 2.3 Tw (mer. The careful carve-out of reaffirmation on the contract) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 2.22 Tw (termsa return to the status quo ante bankruptcyimplies) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .18 Tw (that debtors who attempt to ride-through are subject to section) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.83 Tw (362\(h\). If ride-through existed, any lawyer who advised his) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.82 Tw (client to make a reaffirmation offer on the original contract) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 2.78 Tw (terms would be guilty of malpractice, and any bankruptcy) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.53 Tw (judge who approved such a reaffirmation from a pro se liti-) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .63 Tw (gant would be seriously derelict in his duties. For why would) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.74 Tw (one ever choose reaffirmation on such terms and thus incur) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.88 Tw (the risk of personal liability when one could safely achieve) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .41 Tw (the same ends by ride-through? Yet Congress clearly contem-) Tj 0 -13.9 Td (plated that offers of reaffirmation on the original terms would) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 2.93 Tw (be made. If the debtor qualifies for the exception, then it) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .2 Tw (seems that the result would be the same as pre-BAPCPA ride-) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .03 Tw (through. Congress presumably would not have created an ) Tj (ex-) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .88 Tw (ception to provide access to an option all debtors had in the) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .72 Tw (first place. If all debtors had the right to elect ride-through in) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 2 Tw (the first instance, the exception would be wholly devoid of) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .18 Tw (content. The traditional rules of statutory construction counsel) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 4.28 Tw (against that result. This supports a conclusion that ride-) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.2 Tw (through is not available to all.) Tj 145.998 -27.6 Td (C) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz -133.998 -27.6 Td 1.66 Tw ([8]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( The mere termination of the automatic stay, however,) Tj -12 -13.9 Td 1.46 Tw (was not enough to authorize Ford's repossession. As ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Butner) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.9 Td .74 Tw (teaches, the disposition of the debtor's assets is generally left) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 2.14 Tw (to state law. 440 U.S. at 54-57. Nothing in the Code itself) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 5.05 Tw (authorized Ford to repossess Dumont's automobile. The) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .33 Tw (removal of the automatic stay merely lifted one obstacle to its) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.2 Tw (doing so.) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -27.3 Td .22 Tw (debtor's intention to reaffirm such debt on the original contract terms and) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1 Tw (the creditor refuses to agree.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( \(emphasis added\)\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -465.35 m 300 -465.35 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13422) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 58 0 obj 3521 endobj 56 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 49 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 57 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 17 17 60 0 obj << /Length 61 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -8.4 Td 1.25 Tw 0 Tc (The parties' contract, in conjunction with state law, deter-) Tj -12 -13 Td 2.3 Tw (mines when a debtor has defaulted on an automobile loan.) Tj 0 -13 Td 8.9 Tw (There is an important caveat, however: 11 U.S.C.) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.54 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2.54 Tw (365\(e\)\(i\)\(B\) generally renders unenforceable any contrac-) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.6 Tw (tual term which purports to create a default solely based on) Tj 0 -13 Td .3 Tw (the commencement of a bankruptcy case. Dumont's loan con-) Tj 0 -13 Td 4.07 Tw (tained an ipso facto clause, but unless section 365\(e\) is) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.16 Tw (trumped Ford cannot rely on the clause to justify its actions.) Tj 12 -25.9 Td 3.91 Tw (The bankruptcy court and the BAP found that section) Tj -12 -13 Td .21 Tw (521\(d\) provided just the trump Ford needed. Because Dumont) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.63 Tw (failed to take action required by section 362\(h\), ) Tj (nothing in) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.44 Tw ([the Code] prevent[ed] or limit[ed] the operation of a provi-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.4 Tw (sion in the underlying lease or agreement that has the effect) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .34 Tw (of placing the debtor in default under such lease or agreement) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .74 Tw (by reason of the occurrence, pendency, or existence of a pro-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.6 Tw (ceeding under this title or the insolvency of the debtor.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (521\(d\).) Tj 12 -25.9 Td 3.75 Tw (Section 521\(d\) gives Ford no substantive right to take) Tj -12 -13.1 Td 3.03 Tw (action against the collateral. Where there is no ispo facto) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .55 Tw (clause in the contract, it does not allow Ford to pencil one in.) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.1 Td .26 Tw (Steinhaus) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 349 B.R. at 710. Rather it removes the last remain-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .71 Tw (ing impediment under federal bankruptcy law to enforcement) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (of an ipso facto clause that already exists.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (18) Tj 0 Ts /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -26 Td .47 Tw ([9]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Dumont asserts that while section 521\(d\) may place the) Tj -12 -13.1 Td 1.5 Tw (debtor in default, it ) Tj (does not provide any recourse or other) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.93 Tw (action against the Debtor or Debtor's property.) Tj ( ) Tj (It ) Tj (has the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .27 Tw (effect of placing the debtor in default, nothing more. A debtor) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 5.62 Tw (is simply deemed to be in default.) Tj ( Unfortunately for) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -25.8 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 5.33 Tw (18) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (Although neither party discusses it in any detail, 11 U.S.C.) Tj -10 -11.1 Td 1.33 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.33 Tw (541\(c\)\(i\)\(B\) also restricts ipso facto clauses, declaring that at the time) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 2 Tw (of filing the debtor's property becomes property of the estate notwith-) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 1.34 Tw (standing a contract provision ) Tj (that effects or gives an option to effect a) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 1.02 Tw (forfeiture, modification, or termination of the debtor's interest in proper-) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 1.08 Tw (ty. But section 362\(h\) had already divested Dumont's automobile of its) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 1 Tw (previous status as property of the estate. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -411.25 m 300 -411.25 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13423) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 61 0 obj 4062 endobj 59 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 49 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 60 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 18 18 63 0 obj << /Length 64 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.8 Tw 0 Tc (Dumont, the consequences of default are determined by the) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.4 Tw (contract and state law.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (19) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Dumont's default did not give Ford) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.7 Tw (a right to repossess her vehicle by itself, but section 521\(d\)) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .69 Tw (did give Ford the rights it possessed under the contract in the) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.71 Tw (event of default because of Dumont's filing for bankruptcy.) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.36 Tw (Ford reserved the right to take the collateral back in case of) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.1 Tw (a default. Once Dumont failed to take the action required by) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 2.2 Tw (section 362\(h\), federal bankruptcy law no longer prevented) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.2 Tw (Ford from repossessing her car.) Tj 145.668 -26.5 Td (D) Tj -133.668 -26.5 Td 3.57 Tw (Dumont next claims that section 521\(d\) is inapplicable) Tj -12 -13.3 Td -.32 Tw (because she was never engaged in a bankruptcy ) Tj (proceeding) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (20) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.3 Td 1.25 Tw (but only a bankruptcy ) Tj (case.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (21) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( This argument was not pres-) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26.3 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .42 Tw (19) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (Dumont argues that had Congress intended for a default to mean any-) Tj -10 -11.3 Td 0 Tw (thing, it would have provided \(as it did in section 521\(a\)\(6\)\) that ) Tj (the cred-) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .17 Tw (itor may take whatever action as is permitted by applicable nonbankruptcy) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .33 Tw (law.) Tj ( We reject this argument. When Congress has said something clearly) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 0 Tw (once in a statute, it need not do so again. Congress well knew what placing) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .69 Tw (a debtor in default meant and what actions it might authorize the creditor) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .07 Tw (to take \(depending on the contract terms and state law\). Furthermore, Con-) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .58 Tw (gress also indicated its understanding of what would happen to debtors in) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 2.11 Tw (Dumont's shoes when it passed the provision of section 362\(h\) which) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1 Tw (divests the property from the estate. ) Tj 10 -16.3 Td .36 Tw (As an alternative, Dumont mentions the possibility of ) Tj (recourse outside) Tj -10 -11.3 Td .14 Tw (the Debtor or her property.) Tj ( As an example of such ) Tj (recourse,) Tj ( she asserts) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .41 Tw (that a default may lead to changes in the creditor's financial statements or) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .16 Tw (might trigger a default swap agreement. But the clear purpose of the BAP-) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .04 Tw (CPA amendments is to compel certain action from the debtor, and sections) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1 Tw (362\(h\) and 521\(d\) are spurs to compliance. ) Tj 10 -14.1 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.51 Tw (20) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( 11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.51 Tw (521\(d\) \(providing that ) Tj (nothing in [the Bankruptcy) Tj -10 -11.3 Td .09 Tw (Code] shall prevent or limit the operation of a provision [creating a default) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 0 Tw (under the contract] . . . by reason of the occurrence, pendency, or existence) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .36 Tw (of a ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (proceeding ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (under this title or the insolvency of the debtor) Tj ( \(emphasis) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1 Tw (added\)\). ) Tj 10 -14.1 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .61 Tw (21) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (In basic bankruptcy terminology, a bankruptcy proceeding is not the) Tj -10 -11.3 Td .7 Tw (same as a bankruptcy case. A proceeding is something that occurs within) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1 Tw (an already existing bankruptcy case.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Donald) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 343 B.R. at 538. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -207.15 m 300 -207.15 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13424) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 64 0 obj 4583 endobj 62 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 49 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 63 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 19 19 66 0 obj << /Length 67 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.53 Tw 0 Tc (ented to the bankruptcy court. The BAP did not consider it,) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.33 Tw (although she did address it in the opening brief before the) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.9 Tw (BAP. We conclude, however, that Dumont's argument falls) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.77 Tw (within one of the exceptions to the waiver doctrine. ) Tj (When) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .27 Tw (the issue conceded or neglected in the trial court is purely one) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.76 Tw (of law and either does not affect or rely upon the factual) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .86 Tw (record developed by the parties . . . the court of appeals may) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .43 Tw (consent to consider it.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (United States v. Patrin) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 575 F.2d 708,) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .57 Tw (712 \(9th Cir. 1978\) \(internal citations omitted\). The opposing) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .13 Tw (party must not be prejudiced before the court may consent. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Id.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.3 Td .93 Tw (Satisfied that the question is purely one of law and that Ford) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .44 Tw (was not prejudiced by its absence below, we exercise our dis-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .36 Tw (cretion to consider the question.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (22) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( In the years since BAPCPA) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.17 Tw (came into force, no court of appeals has had the opportunity) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.03 Tw (to pass on the viability of ride-through, and because of the) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.48 Tw (low amounts of money at stake it may be some time before) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.23 Tw (the issue here presents itself again to this court. Because the) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .46 Tw (parties have a strong interest in the resolution of this question) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.55 Tw (and because it was adequately briefed by both sides, we) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (decide it now.) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -26.3 Td .74 Tw ([10]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( We agree with the ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Donald ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (court that ) Tj (the language of) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 1.3 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.3 Tw (521\(d\) is broad enough to encompass the filing of a bank-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .74 Tw (ruptcy case.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Donald) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 343 B.R. at 538. We acknowledge that) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .44 Tw (Congress has referred to ) Tj (case[s] or proceeding[s]) Tj ( elsewhere) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.22 Tw (in the Code. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See, e.g.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 11 U.S.C. 101\(4\)\(A\) \(defining ) Tj (bank-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 4.42 Tw (ruptcy assistance) Tj ( subject to regulation elsewhere in the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .17 Tw (Code\). We also agree that the specialized meaning of the term) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.88 Tw (proceeding) Tj ( supports Dumont's assertion. However, ) Tj (pro-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.58 Tw (ceeding also has a more general definition which easily) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.9 Tw (encompasses the filing of a bankruptcy case. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (A) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz 1.87 Tw (MERICAN) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 0 -13.2 Td .55 Tw (H) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .54 Tw (ERITAGE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .55 Tw ( D) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .54 Tw (ICTIONARY OF THE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .55 Tw ( E) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .54 Tw (NGLISH) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .55 Tw ( L) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .54 Tw (ANGUAGE) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts .55 Tw ( 1398 \(4th ed.) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .74 Tw (2000\) \(defining proceeding as a ) Tj (course of action) Tj ( or ) Tj (a pro-) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .76 Tw (22) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (We decline, however, Dumont's invitation to interpret the term ) Tj (pro-) Tj -10 -11.2 Td .81 Tw (ceeding in her contract with Ford. The interpretation of ambiguous con-) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.02 Tw (tracts may involve questions of fact as well as law. Fact-finding is not a) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (proper task for Dumont to ask of us. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -444.15 m 300 -444.15 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13425) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 67 0 obj 4716 endobj 65 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 68 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 66 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 20 20 70 0 obj << /Length 71 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.11 Tw 0 Tc (cedure or \(in a legal context\) ) Tj (legal action) Tj ( or ) Tj (litigation) Tj (\).) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .45 Tw (While Black's Law Dictionary acknowledges the bankruptcy-) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 3.21 Tw (specific meaning, the lead definition is ) Tj ([t]he regular and) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .58 Tw (orderly progression of a lawsuit, including all acts and events) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 2.11 Tw (between the time of commencement and the entry of judg-) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.2 Tw (ment. B) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (LACK) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw (') Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (S) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( L) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (AW) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( D) Tj /F2 8.4 Tf 101.1 Tz .79 Tw (ICTIONARY) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.2 Tw ( 1241 \(8th ed. 1999\).) Tj 12 -26.6 Td .34 Tw (Accordingly, the reference to a ) Tj (proceeding) Tj ( is ambiguous.) Tj -12 -13.4 Td .85 Tw (We turn to the traditional sources to clarify ambiguous legis-) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 3.16 Tw (lative text. The familiar canon of construction, ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (noscitur a) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .23 Tw (sociis) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, counsels us to determine the meaning of the term ) Tj (pro-) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.96 Tw (ceeding by reference to the alternate condition for default,) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .7 Tw (insolvency. Insolvency \(i.e., in the sense of inability to pay) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.26 Tw (debts as such debts become due,) Tj (\) is generally required for) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .33 Tw (the initiation of a bankruptcy case. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .33 Tw (303\(h\)\(1\).) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 3 Tw (And likewise debtors do not generally file for bankruptcy) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.66 Tw (unless they are insolvent. On the other hand, the filing of a) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .1 Tw (bankruptcy proceeding \(say, seeking discharge of student loan) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.96 Tw (debt\) has nothing to do with insolvency. It merely marks a) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 2.67 Tw (changed procedural posture in a case involving an already) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.2 Tw (insolvent debtor.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (23) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 1.2 Tw ( ) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -26.6 Td .75 Tw ([11]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Reading ) Tj (proceeding) Tj ( as encompassing the filing of a) Tj -12 -13.4 Td .08 Tw (case makes sense of the statute. It would be bizarre if the right) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .21 Tw (to declare someone in default on her car loan depended on the) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.83 Tw (happenstance of a proceeding \(in the technical sense\) being) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .9 Tw (initiated for whatever reason in her case. Because there is no) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 3.28 Tw (plain meaning, we need not decide whether the absurdity) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.2 Tw (exception would apply here.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (24) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26.4 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.31 Tw (23) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (The relevant committee report also militates against Dumont's posi-) Tj -10 -11.3 Td 1.91 Tw (tion. It states: ) Tj (If the debtor fails to timely undertake certain specified) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .37 Tw (actions . . . then nothing in the Bankruptcy Code shall prevent or limit the) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .87 Tw (operation of a provision in a lease or agreement that places the debtor in) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1.67 Tw (default by reason of the debtor's ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (bankruptcy ) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (or insolvency.) Tj ( H.R. Rep.) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1 Tw (No. 109-31\(I\), pt. 2, at 71 \(2005\) \(emphasis added\). ) Tj 10 -14.1 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .46 Tw (24) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (We do note that Dumont's preferred reading would have mischievous) Tj -10 -11.3 Td 2.52 Tw (results for other parts of the Code. For instance, she cites 11 U.S.C.) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -395.65 m 300 -395.65 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13426) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 71 0 obj 4581 endobj 69 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 68 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 70 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 21 21 73 0 obj << /Length 74 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -8.4 Td 5.61 Tw 0 Tc ([12]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Finally, we consider how section 521\(d\) works) Tj -12 -13.6 Td 3.92 Tw (together with other sections of the Code. The section is) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 3.13 Tw (invoked by the debtor's failure to do certain things he is) Tj 0 -13.6 Td .37 Tw (required to do, either under section 521\(a\)\(6\) or under section) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.77 Tw (362\(h\). Neither those sections of the Code nor the apparent) Tj 0 -13.6 Td .63 Tw (purpose of section 521\(d\) bear any relationship to the organi-) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 3 Tw (zation of litigation in a bankruptcy case. Accordingly, we) Tj 0 -13.6 Td .75 Tw (hold that the debtor's filing of a Chapter 7 petition initiates a) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.2 Tw (proceeding) Tj ( for the purposes of section 521\(d\).) Tj 146.334 -26.9 Td (E) Tj -134.334 -26.9 Td 2.47 Tw (Dumont argues that a disclosure required to be made to) Tj -12 -13.6 Td .6 Tw (consumers who are contemplating reaffirmation demonstrates) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.03 Tw (that ride-through lives on. The relevant paragraph of the dis-) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.2 Tw (closure reads:) Tj 22 -26.8 Td 2.83 Tw () Tj 9 Tw ( ) Tj 2.83 Tw (What if your creditor has a security interest or) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.33 Tw (lien? Your bankruptcy discharge does not eliminate) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.18 Tw (any lien on your property. A `lien' is often referred) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.74 Tw (to as a security interest, deed of trust, mortgage or) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.17 Tw (security deed. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Even if you do not reaffirm and your) Tj 0 -13.6 Td .75 Tw (personal liability on the debt is discharged, because) Tj 0 -13.6 Td 1.53 Tw (of the lien your creditor may still have the right to) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .8 Tw (take the security property if you do not pay the debt) Tj 0 -13.5 Td .85 Tw (or default on it.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( If the lien is on an item of personal) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 2.58 Tw (property that is exempt under your State's law or) Tj 0 -13.5 Td 1.55 Tw (that the trustee has abandoned, you may be able to) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz -22 -26.6 Td .25 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .25 Tw (541\(c\) for the proposition that Congress knows the technical meaning of) Tj 0 -11.4 Td .5 Tw (the word ) Tj (case.) Tj ( Yet if Congress intended for ) Tj (proceeding) Tj ( and ) Tj (case) Tj ( to) Tj 0 -11.4 Td .86 Tw (have only their technical meanings, section 541\(c\) would not prevent the) Tj 0 -11.4 Td .83 Tw (action of ipso facto clauses which hinge on the institution of a ) Tj (proceed-) Tj 0 -11.4 Td 2.06 Tw (ing rather than a ) Tj (case.) Tj ( Similar problems occur with section 365\(e\),) Tj 0 -11.4 Td 1.39 Tw (which is the source of the restriction on ipso facto clauses in executory) Tj 0 -11.4 Td .92 Tw (contracts. Although that section disables ipso facto clauses predicated on) Tj 0 -11.4 Td 1.32 Tw (the filing of a ) Tj (case,) Tj ( it does not bar the activation of clauses based on) Tj 0 -11.4 Td 1 Tw (proceedings. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -386.25 m 300 -386.25 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13427) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 74 0 obj 3708 endobj 72 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 68 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 73 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 22 22 76 0 obj << /Length 77 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 22 -8.4 Td 2.62 Tw 0 Tc (redeem the item rather than reaffirm the debt. To) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.62 Tw (redeem, you make a single payment to the creditor) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .3 Tw (equal to the current value of the security property, as) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.2 Tw (agreed by the parties or determined by the court.) Tj -22 -26.4 Td (11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (524\(k\)\(3\)\(J\)\(i\) \(emphasis added\).) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -26.3 Td .18 Tw ([13]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( The language is certainly more opaque than one would) Tj -12 -13.3 Td .41 Tw (hope for a debtor disclosure. It is simply too vague to support) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .77 Tw (the weight Dumont would have us place upon it. Taken liter-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.62 Tw (ally, the italicized sentence merely states the obvious: filing) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .67 Tw (for bankruptcy does not affect the creditor's rights in the col-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .3 Tw (lateral, and the creditor can exercise its power of repossession) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .96 Tw (under the contract in case of non-payment or default. Allow-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.87 Tw (ing the creditor to exercise a clause placing the debtor in) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.5 Tw (default is not inconsistent with this truism. Furthermore, the) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.81 Tw (language ) Tj (pay the debt) Tj ( is ambiguous. It could, as Dumont) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.21 Tw (asserts, mean ) Tj (continue to make monthly payments as under) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .33 Tw (the contract.) Tj () Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (25) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( But it could also mean ) Tj (pay off the debt) Tj ( \(i.e.,) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.5 Tw (redeem it\). This latter reading is supported by the very next) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .12 Tw (sentence, which offers redemption as the alternative to reaffir-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .75 Tw (mation if the collateral is exempt under state law or has been) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.2 Tw (abandoned by the trustee. ) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -26.3 Td 2.57 Tw ([14]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Tellingly, nowhere in the disclosure is ride-through) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 2.46 Tw (presented as an option. Given that the disclosure describes) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.37 Tw (redemption as an alternative to reaffirmation, the absence of) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.47 Tw (a similar description of ride-through suggests that it is not) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .04 Tw (authorized in the presence of an ipso facto clause. Because the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.4 Tw (intent of the disclosure is to force debtors to ) Tj ([c]onsider the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.66 Tw (decision to reaffirm carefully,) Tj ( 11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2.66 Tw (524\(k\)\(3\)\(J\)\(i\),) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .04 Tw (we decline to read one ambiguous sentence as an endorsement) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .45 Tw (of ride-through where Congress provided explicit information) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .78 Tw (25) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (This reading is uncontroversial where there is no ipso facto clause in) Tj -10 -11.2 Td .72 Tw (the contract. Accordingly, even if Dumont is correct about the interpreta-) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .04 Tw (tion of the disclosure, it could refer only to the default rule that bankruptcy) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (cannot lead to repossession. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -444.15 m 300 -444.15 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13428) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 77 0 obj 3908 endobj 75 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 68 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 76 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 23 23 79 0 obj << /Length 80 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 2.5 Tw 0 Tc (about the statutorily authorized alternative to reaffirmation,) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.2 Tw (redemption.) Tj 146.664 -26 Td (F) Tj -134.664 -26 Td 2.5 Tw (Having decided that section 521\(a\)\(2\)\(C\), in conjunction) Tj -12 -13 Td .5 Tw (with section 362\(h\), disallows ride-through, we need not con-) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.91 Tw (sider whether ride-through may also have been terminated) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.78 Tw (under the provisions of section 521\(a\)\(6\).) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (26) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( We merely note) Tj 0 -13 Td 2.08 Tw (that the existence of section 521\(a\)\(6\) provides further evi-) Tj 0 -13 Td .55 Tw (dence of Congress's intent to eliminateor at least to restrict) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.2 Tw (ride-through.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (27) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 143.67 -26 Td 1.2 Tw (IV) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz -131.67 -26 Td 1.81 Tw ([15]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( Dumont makes one remaining argument. She asserts) Tj -12 -13 Td 1 Tw (that her claim that the repossession was unlawful under state) Tj 0 -13 Td .84 Tw (law is a matter to be determined by the bankruptcy court. As) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -25.8 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 4 Tw (26) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (We have chosen to resolve this case without resort to section) Tj -10 -11.1 Td 1.19 Tw (521\(a\)\(6\) because of the difficulties of construing the term ) Tj (for the pur-) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .3 Tw (chase price.) Tj ( We express no opinion on the BAP's conclusion that section) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 2.54 Tw (521\(a\)\(6\) independently eliminates ride-through in this case. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Compare) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .53 Tw (Dumont) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 383 B.R. at 488 \(construing ) Tj (purchase price) Tj ( to mean ) Tj (purchase) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .56 Tw (money security interest) Tj ( because ) Tj ([o]therwise the section would probably) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .58 Tw (be meaningless and have virtually no application because few automobile) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .05 Tw (lenders finance cars without some form of down payment, and any amount) Tj 0 -11.1 Td .09 Tw (of down payment would reduce the creditor's claim to an amount less than) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 1.72 Tw (the purchase price) Tj (\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Steinhaus) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 349 B.R. at 706-07 \(same result\), ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (with) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 2.41 Tw (Donald) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 343 B.R. at 536 \() Tj (A plain meaning construction of the term) Tj 0 -11.1 Td 2.55 Tw (`claim for the purchase price' indicates a claim for the ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (full purchase) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.45 Tw (price.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (id.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( at n.9 \(observing that the legislative history is not the final) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .58 Tw (arbiter of the text's meaning, particularly where the legislative history for) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (the same subsection is clearly incorrect on another point\). ) Tj 10 -13.9 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .61 Tw (27) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (This is clearer in the legislative history than in the text itself; the for-) Tj -10 -11.2 Td 1.1 Tw (mer states that the new language ) Tj (provide[s] that an individual who is a) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .7 Tw (chapter 7 debtor may not retain possession of personal property securing,) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .83 Tw (in whole or in part, a purchase money security interest unless the debtor,) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .58 Tw (within 45 days after the first meeting of creditors, enters into a reaffirma-) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .42 Tw (tion agreement with the creditor, or redeems the property.) Tj ( H.R. Rep. No.) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (109-31\(I\), pt. 2, at 70-71 \(2005\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -241.05 m 300 -241.05 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13429) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 80 0 obj 4432 endobj 78 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 68 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 79 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 24 24 82 0 obj << /Length 83 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 2.16 Tw 0 Tc (the BAP stated, ) Tj (In the Ninth Circuit the test to determine) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.34 Tw (whether a civil proceeding is related to a bankruptcy case is) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.1 Tw (whether the outcome of the proceeding could conceivably) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .77 Tw (have any effect on the estate being administered in bankrupt-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .4 Tw (cy. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Dumont) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 383 B.R. at 490 \(internal quotation marks omit-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .78 Tw (ted\). By the time of the repossession, the estate did not exist,) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (and there could have been no effects on the estate. ) Tj 12 -26.2 Td 1.75 Tw (Dumont also argues that there was supplemental jurisdic-) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 1.14 Tw (tion over the state-law claim. However, she only asserted 28) Tj 0 -13.2 Td (U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.14 Tw (1331 and 1334 as bases for jurisdiction before the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.38 Tw (bankruptcy court. Her assertion of a different jurisdictional) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (theory here is barred by the doctrine of waiver.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (28) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 145.668 -26.2 Td 1.2 Tw (V) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz -133.668 -26.2 Td 1.87 Tw ([16]) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( At least where the debtor has not attempted to reaf-) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 2.07 Tw (firm, our decision in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Parker ) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (has been superceded by BAP-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 6.14 Tw (CPA. Accordingly, Ford did not violate the discharge) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .83 Tw (injunction in repossessing Dumont's vehicle. The bankruptcy) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.81 Tw (court rightly held that the propriety of Ford's actions under) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (state law was not before it. ) Tj /F1 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -26.2 Td (AFFIRMED.) Tj 1 0 0 1 156 245.7 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -1 Td 1.2 Tw 0 Tc () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.61 Tw (28) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (We hasten to note that Dumont and debtors in her position are not) Tj -10 -11.2 Td 2.03 Tw (necessarily bereft of a remedy. ) Tj (Both Dumont's and Ford's rights and) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .17 Tw (remedies under the[ir] [c]ontract are defined and brought into existence by) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .55 Tw (their [c]ontract and are now governed by state law.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Dumont) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 383 B.R. at) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 2.04 Tw (490. While we tend to view Ford's actions here as sharp practice, we) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 2.17 Tw (express no opinion as to whether they also violated any state or non-) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (bankruptcy federal laws. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 245.7 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -12.75 m 300 -12.75 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13430) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 83 0 obj 3337 endobj 81 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 68 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 82 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 25 25 85 0 obj << /Length 86 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 1.2 Tw 0 Tc (GRABER, Circuit Judge, dissenting:) Tj 12 -26.3 Td (I respectfully dissent.) Tj 0 -26.2 Td 4.21 Tw (May a bankruptcy debtor ) Tj (ride through) Tj ( bankruptcy) Tj -12 -13.3 Td .5 Tw (retaining possession of her motor vehicle, so long as she con-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.92 Tw (tinues to make regular loan payments; or must the debtor) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .23 Tw (instead invoke one of the three options described in 11 U.S.C.) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .06 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .06 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)\(A\)? Because of confusing and contradictory statu-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.07 Tw (tory text, courts have struggled for decades to discern con-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 4.53 Tw (gressional intent on the answer to that simple question.) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.8 Tw (Indeed, before the enactment of the Bankruptcy Abuse Pre-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.04 Tw (vention and Consumer Protection Act of 2005 \() Tj (BAPCPA) Tj (\),) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.85 Tw (the circuit courts were split five to four. Five circuits) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3 Tw (including ourshad held that the ride-through option was) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.57 Tw (available to debtors, while four circuits had held that it was) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.33 Tw (not. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (See) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( maj. op. at 13412 & nn. 5-6 \(collecting cases\). The) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .33 Tw (disagreement at the circuit court level represented only the tip) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.33 Tw (of the iceberg. In scores of cases, district courts, bankruptcy) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .14 Tw (appellate panels, and bankruptcy courts had weighed in on the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (debate,) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (1) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 1.2 Tw ( as had commentators.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (2) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.25 Tw (1) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See, e.g.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Mayton v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. \(In re Mayton\)) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 208 B.R.) Tj -10 -11.2 Td .65 Tw (61, 64 \(B.A.P. 9th Cir. 1997\) \(resolving the ride-through issue while not-) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 3.53 Tw (ing the ) Tj (marked disagreement among bankruptcy courts and district) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .85 Tw (courts\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Sears Roebuck & Co. v. Lamirande) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 199 B.R. 221, 223 \(Bankr.) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .27 Tw (D. Mass. 1996\) \(noting that ) Tj ([c]ourts across the country have split) Tj ( on the) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .89 Tw (ride-through issue and, in the absence of binding precedent, adopting the) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.03 Tw (more persuasive position\); ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Kennedy) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 137 B.R. 302, 303-04 \(Bankr.) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 2.04 Tw (E.D. Ark. 1992\) \(noting that ) Tj ([n]umerous bankruptcy courts . . . have) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 3.11 Tw (ruled on this issue[) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.11 Tw (] with little consistency in results) Tj ( and, because) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.8 Tw ([t]here is no controlling authority in this district,) Tj ( adopting the ) Tj (more) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (persuasive position\). ) Tj 10 -14 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .15 Tw (2) Tj 0 Ts /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See, e.g.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 4 ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Collier on Bankruptcy) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .15 Tw ( 521.10 \(Alan N. Resnick & Henry) Tj -10 -11.2 Td 1.56 Tw (J. Sommer eds., 15th ed. rev.\) \(advancing the Ninth Circuit's view and) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.44 Tw (criticizing the opposing view's reading of the statute\); Scott B. Ehrlich,) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -11.2 Td 1.22 Tw (The Fourth Option of Section 521\(2\)\(A\)Reaffirmation Agreements and) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 2.3 Tw (the Chapter 7 Consumer Debtor) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 53 Mercer L. Rev. 613, 700 \(2002\)) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.11 Tw (\(asserting that the ride-through issue ) Tj (affects billions of dollars in assets) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.59 Tw (and has great importance for both debtors and creditors) Tj (\); Marianne B.) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -284.55 m 300 -284.55 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13431) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 86 0 obj 4711 endobj 84 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 87 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 85 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 26 26 89 0 obj << /Length 90 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -8.4 Td 3 Tw 0 Tc (The dispute centered on the text of 11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3 Tw (521\(2\)) Tj -12 -13.9 Td 3.5 Tw (\(2004\), which BAPCPA redesignated as ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.5 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\). Like) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 3.7 Tw (many courts and commentators, we held that the text of) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.55 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.55 Tw (521\(2\) plainly authorized the ride-through option. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (McClel-) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .24 Tw (lan Fed. Credit Union v. Parker \(In re Parker\)) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 139 F.3d 668,) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .4 Tw (673 \(9th Cir. 1998\); ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (see also ) Tj (Home Owners Funding Corp. of) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 2.83 Tw (Am. v. Belanger \(In re Belanger\)) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 962 F.2d 345 \(4th Cir.) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 2.91 Tw (1992\) \(reaching the same conclusion\); 4 ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Collier on Bank-) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.05 Tw (ruptcy) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.05 Tw ( 521.10 \(Alan N. Resnick & Henry J. Sommer eds.,) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 3.83 Tw (15th ed. rev.\) \(same\). Other courts held that the text of) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 3.38 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 3.38 Tw (521\(2\) plainly directed the opposite conclusion: Debtors) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.73 Tw (must choose one of the three options listed in ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.73 Tw (521\(2\)\(A\).) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (3) Tj 0 Ts /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.9 Td 1.09 Tw (See, e.g.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Taylor v. AGE Fed. Credit Union \(In re Taylor\)) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 3) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.2 Tw (F.3d 1512, 1517 \(11th Cir. 1993\).) Tj 12 -27.6 Td .9 Tw (Our analysis in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, like the analysis provided by) Tj -12 -13.9 Td .87 Tw (other courts and commentators, concerned two aspects of the) Tj 0 -13.9 Td .33 Tw (text of ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .33 Tw (521\(2\): the phrase ) Tj (if applicable) Tj ( in ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .33 Tw (521\(2\)\(A\) and) Tj 0 -13.9 Td 1.2 Tw (the text of ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (521\(2\)\(C\). We reasoned in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (:) Tj 22 -27.6 Td (The statute states that the debtor) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz -22 -27.3 Td 3.25 Tw (Culhane & Michaela M. White, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (But Can She Keep the Car? Some) Tj 0 -11.8 Td .8 Tw (Thoughts on Collateral Retention in Consumer Chapter 7 Cases,) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( 7 Ford-) Tj 0 -11.8 Td .63 Tw (ham J. Corp. & Fin. L. 471, 498 \(2002\) \(arguing that ) Tj ([b]oth debtors and) Tj 0 -11.8 Td 1.29 Tw (creditors would be better served by recognizing a debtor's right to ride-) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1.02 Tw (through on some collateral) Tj (\); Lawrence Ponoroff, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Surf's Up, Dude: Rid-) Tj 0 -11.7 Td .6 Tw (ing Through Bankruptcy) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 7 J. Bankr. L. & Prac. 101, 101-02 \(1997\) \(not-) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 2.33 Tw (ing the ) Tj (decided and disturbing lack of consensus) Tj ( among courts and) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1.11 Tw (discussing the National Bankruptcy Review Commission's review of the) Tj 0 -11.7 Td .76 Tw (ride-through issue\); Ned W. Waxman, ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Redemption or Reaffirmation: The) Tj 0 -11.7 Td .52 Tw (Debtor's Exclusive Means of Retaining Possession of Collateral in Chap-) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1.46 Tw (ter 7) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 56 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 187, 187 \(1994\) \(stating that the ride-through) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1.06 Tw (issue is ) Tj ([t]he most controversial consumer credit issue arising in [bank-) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1 Tw (ruptcy] cases) Tj (\). ) Tj 10 -14.6 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 2.62 Tw (3) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (Other courts looked beyond the text, to policy considerations. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (See) Tj -10 -11.7 Td .74 Tw (Price v. Del. State Police Fed. Credit Union \(In re Price\)) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 370 F.3d 362,) Tj 0 -11.7 Td 1 Tw (367-68 \(3d Cir. 2004\) \(summarizing cases\)) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -298.25 m 300 -298.25 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13432) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 90 0 obj 4732 endobj 88 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 87 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 89 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 27 27 92 0 obj << /Length 93 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 44 -8.4 Td 1.75 Tw 0 Tc (shall file with the clerk a statement of his) Tj 0 -13 Td 3.21 Tw (intention with respect to the retention or) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.61 Tw (surrender of such property and, if applica-) Tj 0 -13 Td 1.16 Tw (ble, specifying that the property is claimed) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 0 Tw (as exempt, that the debtor intends to redeem) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.14 Tw (such property, or that the debtor intends to) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (reaffirm debts secured by such property.) Tj -22 -26 Td 0 Tw (11 U.S.C. ) Tj ( ) Tj (521\(2\)\(A\). Our interpretation of that lan-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.13 Tw (guage is that the only mandatory act is the filing of) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.51 Tw (the statement of intention, which the debtor ) Tj (shall) Tj () Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.47 Tw (file. Then, ) Tj (if applicable,) Tj (that is, if the debtor) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.36 Tw (plans to choose any of the three options listed later) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 4.28 Tw (in the statute \(claiming the property as exempt,) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.16 Tw (redeeming the property, or reaffirming the debt\)) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .77 Tw (the debtor must so specify in the statement of inten-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .81 Tw (tion. The debtor's other options remain available, as) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.46 Tw (unambiguously stated in ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.46 Tw (521\(2\)\(C\): ) Tj ([N]othing in) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .2 Tw (subparagraph[) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .2 Tw (] \(A\) . . . shall alter the debtor's or the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.24 Tw (trustee's rights with regard to such property under) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.36 Tw (this title.) Tj ( We see no reason to reach beyond this) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (plain language.) Tj -22 -26 Td 3.28 Tw (139 F.3d at 673 \(alterations in original\) \(paragraph break) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (omitted\).) Tj 12 -26 Td 1.41 Tw (As explained by ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Belanger) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, ) Tj ([t]he phrase `if applica-) Tj -12 -13.1 Td 1.84 Tw (ble' is redundant if . . . the options given to the debtor are) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .63 Tw (considered to be exclusive.) Tj ( 962 F.2d at 348. And, of course,) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .81 Tw (courts should give effect, if possible, to every word in a stat-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .73 Tw (ute. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Reiter v. Sonotone Corp.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 442 U.S. 330, 339 \(1979\). The) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .42 Tw (Fourth Circuit suggested simple alternative text that Congress) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .27 Tw (could have used if the options were exclusive, ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Belanger) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (,) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.58 Tw (962 F.2d at 348a suggestion that was repeated 12 years) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (later by the Third Circuit in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Price) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 370 F.3d at 371.) Tj 12 -26 Td .04 Tw (Against this backdrop, Congress enacted BAPCPA in 2005.) Tj -12 -13.1 Td 3.08 Tw (The majority begins with the ) Tj (assum[ption] that Congress) Tj 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13433) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 93 0 obj 3540 endobj 91 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 87 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 92 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 28 28 95 0 obj << /Length 96 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 3.28 Tw 0 Tc (intended to make ride-through available in all circuits, or) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .5 Tw (none. Maj. op. at 13418. I am not convinced. The legislative) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .43 Tw (history is ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (completely silent) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( on the issue, with nary a reference) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .14 Tw (to the vigorous public debate by the courts and commentators.) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .91 Tw (In my view, the changes to the text indicate an intent to ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (per-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (petuate) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( the extant circuit split, not ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (resolve) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( it.) Tj 12 -26.3 Td 11.67 Tw (Most importantly, ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 11.67 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)\(A\) remains entirely) Tj -12 -13.2 Td 4.68 Tw (unchanged. The all-important ) Tj (if applicable) Tj ( phrasethe) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.32 Tw (very source of disagreement among circuit courts, district) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .26 Tw (courts, bankruptcy courts, and commentatorsremains intact.) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .62 Tw (Congress not only declined to adopt the Fourth Circuit's sug-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (gested text, it declined to make any change whatsoever.) Tj 12 -26.2 Td 5.67 Tw (I acknowledge, of course, that Congress did modify) Tj -12 -13.2 Td .96 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .96 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)\(C\) to include an exception for new ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .96 Tw (362\(h\). But) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.16 Tw (my examination of that section suggests that, if anything,) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .58 Tw (Congress intended ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (no change) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( to the existing circuit split. The) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (new section requires, in relevant part, that the debtor must) Tj 22 -26.2 Td 3.75 Tw (indicate in such statement [of intention] that the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.11 Tw (debtor will either surrender such personal property) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.41 Tw (or retain it and, if retaining such personal property,) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.55 Tw (either redeem such personal property pursuant to) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.37 Tw (section 722, enter into an agreement of the kind) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.28 Tw (specified in section 524\(c\) applicable to the debt) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.81 Tw (secured by such personal property, or assume such) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.47 Tw (unexpired lease pursuant to section 365\(p\) if the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (trustee does not do so, ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (as applicable) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ([.]) Tj -22 -26.2 Td .58 Tw (11 U.S.C. ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .58 Tw (362\(h\)\(1\) \(emphasis added\). The text of ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .58 Tw (362\(h\)) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .83 Tw (thus parallels the text of ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .83 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)\(A\) in that it requires the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 5.96 Tw (debtor to follow one of three options ) Tj (if applicable,) Tj () Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)\(A\), or ) Tj (as applicable,) Tj ( ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw (362\(h\)\(1\).) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .5 Tw (4) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.43 Tw (4) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (I tend to agree with Ford that the phrase ) Tj (as applicable) Tj (if read in) Tj -10 -11.2 Td 1.5 Tw (isolationmore strongly suggests that one of the three options must be) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 3.42 Tw (selected. Given the context of the BAPCPA amendments, the long-) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -455.35 m 300 -455.35 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13434) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 96 0 obj 4100 endobj 94 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 87 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 95 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 29 29 98 0 obj << /Length 99 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -8.4 Td .78 Tw 0 Tc (When faced with confusing and contradictory amendments) Tj -12 -13.4 Td 2.28 Tw (to already confusing and contradictory statutory text,) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (5) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( what) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 2.77 Tw (should we do? The majority reasonably starts from a pre-) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .33 Tw (sumption that Congress must have intended to resolve the cir-) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 5 Tw (cuit split and the more general principle that Congress) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 3.32 Tw (intended uniformity in the bankruptcy laws. As explained) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 2.07 Tw (above, though, I am not convinced that those presumptions) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.5 Tw (apply here. In the context of this case, I would fall back on) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 3 Tw (two differentand equally relevantpresumptions guiding) Tj 0 -13.4 Td 1.2 Tw (statutory interpretation.) Tj 12 -26.5 Td 2.14 Tw (First, as a general matter, ) Tj () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2.14 Tw (`Congress is presumed to be) Tj -12 -13.4 Td .85 Tw (aware of an administrative or judicial interpretation of a stat-) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .67 Tw (ute and to adopt that interpretation when it re-enacts a statute) Tj 0 -13.4 Td .6 Tw (without change.') Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .6 Tw ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Forest Grove Sch. Dist. v. T.A.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 129 S. Ct.) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.06 Tw (2484, 2492 \(2009\) \(quoting ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Lorillard v. Pons) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 434 U.S. 575,) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .58 Tw (580 \(1978\)\). As noted above, the differing judicial interpreta-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .41 Tw (tions were well known and were encapsulated in the five-four) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2 Tw (circuit split. Yet Congress did not amend ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 2 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)\(A\) or) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 2.96 Tw (the critical phrase ) Tj (if applicable,) Tj ( even though courts and) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.28 Tw (commentators across the nation had provided different inter-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 3.21 Tw (pretations of that section. Additionally, although Congress) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.71 Tw (amended ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.71 Tw (521\(a\)\(2\)\(C\) to include the new ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.71 Tw (362\(h\), it car-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .67 Tw (ried forward the important qualifier ) Tj (applicable.) Tj ( ) Tj ([A]bsent a) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.3 Td 1.18 Tw (clear expression) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz ( elsewhere in the Amendments of Congress') Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1 Tw (intent to repeal some portion of that provision or to abrogate) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 0 Tw ([the circuit split],) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Forest Grove) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 129 S. Ct. at 2492 \(emphasis) Tj 0 -13.3 Td .84 Tw (added\), we should continue to read the statute as we did pre-) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 3.66 Tw (BAPCPA. As I read the BAPCPA amendments, no such) Tj 0 -13.3 Td 1.2 Tw (clear expression) Tj ( emerges.) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -26.2 Td 1.56 Tw (standing jurisprudence and commentary on the ride-through option, and) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .48 Tw (the interplay between ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .48 Tw (521 and ) Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj .48 Tw (362, however, I decline to assign much) Tj 0 -11.3 Td .17 Tw (weight to the potential distinction between ) Tj (if applicable) Tj ( and ) Tj (as applica-) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1.23 Tw (ble. The phrase ) Tj (as applicable) Tj ( is not so rigid as to command that one) Tj 0 -11.3 Td 1 Tw (of the listed options ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (must) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz ( be followed. ) Tj 10 -14.1 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz .34 Tw (5) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (The majority readily acknowledges the confusing nature of the amend-) Tj -10 -11.3 Td 1 Tw (ments. Maj. op. at 13415 & n.11. ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -407.05 m 300 -407.05 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13435) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 99 0 obj 4386 endobj 97 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 87 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 98 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 30 30 101 0 obj << /Length 102 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 12 -8.4 Td .55 Tw 0 Tc (I pause to note that I do not disagree with the majority that) Tj -12 -13.1 Td 1.7 Tw (the general ) Tj (direction and tenor of the changes . . . suggest) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .11 Tw (that Congress did not intend to increase access to ride-through) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .2 Tw (by passing BAPCPA.) Tj ( Maj. op. at 13418. But the general ) Tj (di-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .47 Tw (rection and tenor) Tj ( of a statutory amendment is not the correct) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 4.57 Tw (inquiry. The correct inquiry is congressional intent with) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .71 Tw (respect to the specific issue. Furthermore, I readily agree that) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .18 Tw (Congress did not intend to increase access to ride-through by) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .7 Tw (passing BAPCPA.) Tj ( In my view, though, Congress decided to) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .81 Tw (do nothingneither increasing nor decreasing access to ride-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 3.1 Tw (through. Rather, Congress simply side-stepped the conten-) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.2 Tw (tious ride-through issue, thus perpetuating the circuit split.) Tj 12 -26 Td 1.57 Tw (Second, specific to the Bankruptcy Code, the overarching) Tj -12 -13.1 Td .75 Tw (guiding principle of statutory interpretation, ) Tj (again and again) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .53 Tw (emphasized by the courts,) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Local Loan Co. v. Hunt) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 292 U.S.) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.66 Tw (234, 244 \(1934\), strongly supports my view: ) Tj (The principal) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .33 Tw (purpose of the Bankruptcy Code is to grant a fresh start to the) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1 Tw (honest but unfortunate debtor,) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (Marrama v. Citizens Bank of) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 2.37 Tw (Mass.) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 549 U.S. 365, 367 \(2007\) \(internal quotation marks) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .37 Tw (omitted\). Here, Dumont filed for bankruptcy, stated her intent) Tj 0 -13.1 Td .17 Tw (to retain the car as a ride-through, and declined Ford's request) Tj 0 -13.1 Td 1.63 Tw (to reaffirm the debt. Ford filed a claim with the bankruptcy) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.4 Tw (court but, so far as the record reveals, never objected to) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.33 Tw (Dumont's statement of intent or her rejection of the offer of) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.71 Tw (reaffirmation. The bankruptcy case proceeded in the normal) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .26 Tw (course, and the bankruptcy court issued an order of discharge.) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.9 Tw (At all timesboth during the bankruptcy proceedings and) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.1 Tw (after the discharge orderDumont continued to make her) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.21 Tw (regularly scheduled loan payments to Ford. Months after the) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.12 Tw (discharge and without any notice to Dumont, Ford repos-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.5 Tw (sessed Dumont's car. As can be imagined, Dumont claims) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.21 Tw (that the repossession of her only means of transportation,) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.1 Tw (without any notice whatsoever, caused her great difficulties.) Tj 4.9 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz (6) Tj 0 Ts /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -13.2 Td .07 Tw (It is hardif not impossibleto reconcile Ford's actions with) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 10 -26 Td 4.1 Ts /F5 6 Tf 100 Tz 1.25 Tw (6) Tj 0 Ts /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (As courts have noted, a debtor's personal automobile is often ) Tj (vital) Tj () Tj -10 -11.2 Td 1.23 Tw (to the debtor \(and the estate\) because, for example, the ) Tj (automobile [is]) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -466.55 m 300 -466.55 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 156 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13436) Tj 77.9603 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. F) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (ORD) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( M) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (OTOR) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( C) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (REDIT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts ET Q q 1 0 0 1 0 792 cm 0 G .5 w 156 -140.25 m 456 -140.25 l s Q endstream endobj 102 0 obj 4109 endobj 100 0 obj << /Type /Page /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] /Parent 87 0 R /Resources << /Font << /F1 6 0 R /F2 7 0 R /F4 9 0 R /F5 17 0 R >> /ProcSet 1 0 R >> /Contents 101 0 R >> endobj %%Page: 31 31 104 0 obj << /Length 105 0 R >> stream q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 156 643.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -8.4 Td 5.16 Tw 0 Tc (the principal purpose of the Bankruptcy Code: to give) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.04 Tw (Dumont a ) Tj (fresh start.) Tj ( In the absence of a clear congressio-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .77 Tw (nal intent approving Ford's actions, I would not read such an) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (intent into the statute.) Tj 12 -26.2 Td .96 Tw (In conclusion, I borrow text, equally applicable here, from) Tj -12 -13.2 Td .18 Tw (my colleagues in a recent bankruptcy appeal concerning a dif-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (ferent perplexing provision: ) Tj 22 -26.2 Td 2.48 Tw () Tj 9 Tw ( ) Tj 2.48 Tw (The ) Tj (correct) Tj ( answer to the question before us,) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .5 Tw (which the courts have been struggling with for years) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.75 Tw (at the unnecessary cost of thousands of hours of) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .72 Tw (valuable judicial timedepends ultimately not upon) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .7 Tw (our interpretation of the statute, but upon what Con-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .13 Tw (gress wants the answer to be. We would hope, in this) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.37 Tw (regard, that we the judiciary would be relieved of) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 6.46 Tw (this Sisyphean adventure) Tj ( by legislation clearly) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.46 Tw (answering a straightforward policy question: [May) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (debtors invoke the ) Tj (ride-through) Tj ( option?]) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz -22 -26.2 Td 1.6 Tw (Ransom v. MBNA, Am. Bank, N.A. \(In re Ransom\)) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, No. 08-) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .75 Tw (15066, 2009 WL 2477609, at *6 \(9th Cir. Aug. 14, 2009\). In) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 2.37 Tw (contrast to the situation in ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Ransom) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, we have already) Tj 0 -13.2 Td .51 Tw (answered the question at hand. ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (, 370 F.3d at 371.) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 3.42 Tw (Because the BAPCPA amendments add only confusion, I) Tj 0 -13.2 Td 1.2 Tw (would not overrule ) Tj /F4 12 Tf 100 Tz (In re Parker) Tj /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz (. ) Tj 1 0 0 1 156 234.5 Tm /F2 12 Tf 100 Tz 0 -1 Td 1.2 Tw 0 Tc () Tj 0 Tw ( ) Tj 1.2 Tw /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz 0 -26 Td .76 Tw (used to commute to one's workplace.) Tj ( ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (In re Price) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (, 370 F.3d at 378 n.10.) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.36 Tw (Additionally, a debtor's financial situation and access to financing for a) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.62 Tw (new vehicle duringor, as here, immediately followingbankruptcy is) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1.26 Tw (generally limited, because she recently has filed for bankruptcy. ) Tj /F4 10 Tf 100 Tz (Capital) Tj 0 -11.2 Td .85 Tw (Commc'ns Fed. Credit Union v. Boodrow \(In re Boodrow) Tj /F2 10 Tf 100 Tz (\), 126 F.3d 43,) Tj 0 -11.2 Td 1 Tw (52 \(2d Cir. 1997\). ) Tj ET Q q 1 0 0 1 156 234.5 cm 0 G .5 w 0 -12.75 m 300 -12.75 l s Q q BT 0 Tr 0 g 1 0 0 1 0 792 Tm /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 428.5 -136.5 Td 1.1 Tw 0 Tc (13437) Tj -194.5397 0 Td (D) Tj /F2 7.7 Tf 101.2 Tz .79 Tw (UMONT) Tj /F2 11 Tf 100 Tz 0 Ts 1.1 Tw ( v. 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