ࡱ> >P=_ ) bjbj(( .6B8\B8\)$4t$9 :psp߬vz0,    > Z: 6th Grade Final Exam Review What did the following people do and when? Alan Shepard 1st American in space Buzz Aldrin 2nd man on the moon John Glen 1st American to orbit the earth Neil Armstrong 1st man on the moon Yuri Gagarin 1st human in space and to orbit earth Compare and contrast the inner and outer planets. Inner small, rocky, spaced close together, few or no moons, no rings Outer - large, gaseous, spaces far apart, many moons and rings Draw a solar and lunar eclipse Solar: Sun Moon Earth Lunar: Sun Earth Moon Cant see the sun, the moon is in the way Cant see the Moon, the shadow from the Earth falls on the moon and blocks it Draw the sun and earth during summer and winter in the Northern hemisphere. What was sputnik? 1st artificial satellite What is the order of the phases of the moon (draw and label if necessary). New, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, Waning crescent, new. Explain the difference between rotation and revolution. Rotation to spin on an axis (causes day and night) Revolution to orbit around something else (gives us a year) What causes the phases of the moon? Half of the moon is always lit by the sun. However, at different times we see different amounts of the lit up half of the moon. That depends on the location of the moon, sun, and earth as the moon revolves around the earth. What causes the seasons? Where is the northern hemisphere in each season? The tilt of the earths axis. Tilted towards the sun gets the most direct rays so it is summer, tilted away gets the least direct rays so winter. What do concave and convex lenses and mirrors look like? (draw and label) Define: Wave regular movement that transfers energy Amplitude distance from top of a wave to the resting point (half of the wave height) Hertz used to measure frequency of waves (# of waves that go by in a second) Medium something a wave travels through (solid, liquid, gas, space) Pitch the highness or lowness of a sound, caused by the frequency. Low frequency is a low pitch. Frequency -# of waves that go by in a second Reflection waves bouncing off an object back towards the source (echo) Refraction waves bouncing off an object and going a different angle Diffraction waves bending around an object (why you can hear sounds from the hallways inside a classroom even though you cant see what is causing the noise) Vibration causes sound waves Decibel used to measure intensity of a sound (volume or energy) Draw and label a wave Longitudinal wave: As frequency increases, wavelength __decreases__ because as the wavelength gets smaller the waves are closer together and more can go by in a second. As frequency increases and wavelength __decreases___, pitch __increases_ As amplitude increases, volume __increases____ Why do bigger instruments have lower sounds? Bigger instruments have longer wavelengths and so lower frequencies and lower pitch Define: Density mass/volume How much something weighs compared to the amount of space it takes up. Solid densest state of matter, molecules closest together, least amount of energy, has a melting point. Does not take the shape of a container. Liquid molecules farther apart and loosely held together. Set volume but not set shape. Has a freezing and boiling point. Gas most amount of energy, least dense, no set shape or volume, fills entire container, has a condensing point, molecules are individual, not held together. Molecule made of 2 or more atoms joined by a bond (can be same element or different elements. Matter anything that has mass and takes up space Atom: smallest particle that makes up matter Compound pure substance made of 2 or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. All compounds are molecules. Molecules of the same element (2 oxygen atoms together) are not compounds. Mixture (homogeneous and heterogeneous) two or more substances mixed together but not chemically combined (salt and pepper together). Homogeneous looks the same throughout. Heterogeneous looks different throughout Solution well mixed mixture that is homogeneous Proton positive part of an atom, found in the nucleus, # protons the same as the atomic number. Electron negative part of an atom, found in clouds outside the nucleus, if # of electrons not the same as the # of protons, then the atom has a charge Neutron neutral part of the atom, found in the nucleus, protons and neutrons together make up the atomic mass. Element a pure substance made of all the same atoms that cannot be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means Know information from most recent test: Physical science ch 3 states of matter, changes of state, and gas laws/behavior. Also study your wave review sheet. Light: know the difference between converging and diverging, and which lenses and mirrors are which. Also know the difference between real and virtual images and which lenses and mirrors produce which. Next to each type of fault/boundary write the force and direction of movement, and what earth formations are found there (mountains, trenches): Normal/Diverging tension or pulling forces, plates move apart, form rift valleys and mid-ocean ridges Reverse/Converging pushing or compressing forces, plates come together, form trenches, volcanoes, and mountains Transverse/Strike-slip shearing forces, plates move past each other sideways, earthquakes What are the 4 main layers of the earth and its properties? 1. crust (lithosphere is the crust and top of the mantle that makes up the plates). Thinnest layer where we live 2. mantle (asthenosphere is the semi-solid flowing part that drives the plate movements with convection currents). This is where lava/magma comes from. 3. outer core is liquid metal 4. inner core is solid metal (so much pressure squeezes it to be solid) What is the difference between the lithosphere and asthenosphere? Litho: top, thin, solid, plate. Astheno: thicker, flows with convection to move lithosphere How do convection currents make plates move? 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