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Honors Chemistry
Pre-Lab: Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield
Purpose:
To calculate theoretical yield and actual yield for the ppt in the rxn of Lead (II) nitrate and Potassium Iodide.
To calculate the percent yield.
1. Write the balanced chemical equation that describes the reaction. Include the states of matter.
2. Find the molar mass of Lead (II) nitrate, potassium iodide, and lead (II) iodide.
3 a) Given 0.25 g of lead (II) nitrate and 0.75 g of potassium iodide. Calculate the theoretical yield.
3 b) What is the limiting reactant? _______________________ What is the excess reactant? _______________
3 c) If a student obtains 0.890 g of precipitate, calculate the percent yield.
4 a) Given 0.75 g of lead (II) nitrate and 0.25 g of potassium iodide. Calculate the theoretical yield.
4 b) What is the limiting reactant? _______________________ What is the excess reactant? _______________
4 c) If a student obtains 0.475 g of precipitate, calculate the percent yield.
5. Are the LR and ER the same in both cases? Why or why not?
Problem Statement: ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Hypothesis (If., then. will.. because):
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Independent Variable: __________________________________________________________________________
Dependent Variable: ____________________________________________________________________________
Constant: ______________________________________________________________________________________
Name: ___________________________________________ Date: _______________ P___R___S____
Lab Partners Name: ______________________________________________ Group _____________
Honors Chemistry
Lab: Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield
In this experiment, you are going to perform an experiment involving the double displacement reaction between calcium chloride and sodium carbonate. The limiting reactant, theoretical, actual and percent yields of calcium carbonate will be determined and reported.
You would run the reaction in two different trials.
Write the balanced equation with states of matter:
______________________________________________________________________
2) Write the net ionic equation with states of matter:
__________________________________________________________________________
Problem Statement: ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Purpose:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Hypothesis (If., then. will.. because):
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
Independent Variable: __________________________________________________________________________
Dependent Variable: ____________________________________________________________________________
Constant: ______________________________________________________________________________________
** Remember that independent variable is what you can change, dependent variable is what you are going to measure, and constant are what you need to keep the same in the whole experiment.
Materials & Equipment:
(1) 100.0 ml graduated cylinderTrial 1Trial 2(2) 250 mL beakers0.25 g of calcium chloride0.75 g of calcium chloride(1) 600 mL beakers0.75 g of sodium carbonate0.25 g of sodium carbonate(2) Plastic Funnels(2) Stirring rods(2) 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask(1) Wash bottle with water(2) Filter Papers / (2) Weigh papers(1) Electronic Balance
Day 1 Procedure:
Label Erlenmeyer flask and the filter papers with period number, group number, and trial number.
Obtain and record accurately the mass of the filter paper.
Obtain accurately as close to the grams of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate in trial 1.
Put the two solutes into two separate 250 mL beakers. Add about 75 mL of water to each beaker and stir to dissolve the solutes completely using stirring rods.
Combine the calcium chloride solutions and sodium carbonate solutions into a clean dry 400 mL beaker. Stir the solutions until the reaction is complete.
Set up the filtering apparatus.
Filter the residue from filtrate into the Erlenmeyer flask using filter paper and funnel. Wash the beaker with water bottle to make sure all the chemicals are poured onto the filter paper.
Wash the glassware and repeat the steps 3 7 again using the grams in trial 2.
Let both filtration finish until next class.
Day 2 Procedure:
Record the mass of filter + residue.
Dispose all the filtrate into the sink and rinse all the glassware.
Data Collection & Presentation:
Describe what you observe when you combine the two solutions.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Describe what you observe after filtration is completed.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Data & Calculations:
Your report should show the detailed calculation of each data with all the equations, work, and answers with units for each trial.
Trial 1: Mass of filter paper _______________ Mass of filter paper + residue ____________________
Trial 2: Mass of filter paper _______________ Mass of filter paper + residue ____________________
You need to include the following calculations (show your work) for EACH TRIAL:
1) MM of reactants and products that you need
2) Mass of CaCO3 produced theoretically (theoretical yield)
3) Mass of CaCO3 produced actually (actual yield)
4) Determination of LR and ER
5) Mass of ER used up
6) Mass of ER left over
7) Percent Yield
After calculation, summarize your data as below.
Trialg of CaCl2 g of Na2CO3 g of CaCO3 (TY)g of CaCO3 (AY)LRERg of ER used upg of ER left over% Yield 12
Graph: Put the two trials on the graph. X-axis = independent variables. Y-axis = dependent variables. Also put both the TY and AY.
Data Analysis:
Briefly describe your results and their significance.
Comment: Although both trials used a total of ~ 1.0 grams of reactants, one combination gave the most product. Why was this ratio better than the others?
Do both trials have the same LR and ER? Why or Why not?
Analysis Questions:
What would be the effect on the yield if you did not let all the reactants dissolve in water?
What would be the effect on the yield if you did not wash all of the residue from the beaker?
What would be the effect on the yield if the filter paper was not completely dry?
Conclusion
Restate the purpose
Address the problem statement
Does the hypothesis get supported? Why or why not?
Summarize the procedure
Explain the math
Experimental Errors
Identify and explain your errors.
Redesign / Future Applications
Provide detailed corrections to experimental procedure to address identified errors based on data/conclusion from original problem
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