ࡱ>  _bjbj 5_22%@%@%@%@%@9@9@9@9@@9@iF8A\CCCCDDDEEEEEEE$GCJE-%@DDDDDE%@%@CC#FDDDD%@C%@CEDDEDDDCWs9@DDE9F0iFDJDJDJ%@DDDDDDDDDEEDDDDiFDDDDJDDDDDDDDD2 >:  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Documentation of Militant Extremist Group/Person's Use of Themes Source material for Saucier, et al., 2009. BAADER-MEINHOF Extreme measures reform means you  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1set up only better means of discipline, better methods of intimidation, better methods of exploitation (Baader-Meinhof) Source: Rote Armee Fraktion (1970). "the consent of the masses can only be won through the armed struggle itself" (Wright p.106, from Mahler - i.e., we have to use violence to win mass consent Valuing intolerance and vengeance those who are unwilling to take violent action on behalf of strong beliefs are cowards (paraphrase of Baader-Meinhof) Source: Rote Armee Fraktion (1970).  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"love for human beings is today only possible in the death-dealing hate-filled attack on imperialism-fascism" (Wright, p.42; Der Spiegel, 2 June 1975, p.2) violent struggle as "sabotage and punishment of responsible personages for cruelties against the people" Wright p.89 (Mahler interview in Christian Science Monitor, 29 Aug 1978) "Violence is the only way to answer violence" RAF's Gudrun Esslin, 1967 Utopianizing  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"motivated in part by a genuine desire to produce a better society..." Wright p..189-190 "One can of course surmise the kind of society they envisaged from those aspects they rejected: a world order without military alliances; the elimination of imperialism and racism; a society where no man feels alienated from the product e is producing and there is no compulsion to possess; and the destruction of capitalism and a global redistribution of wealth" (Wright, p.40) Modernity disastrous the Red Army factions view that economic progress has only brought new forms of oppression (Wright, 1991, p. 39) Civil government illegitimate  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Behind the parents stand the teachers, the Youth Authority, the police. Behind the foreman stands the master craftsman, the personnel office, the factory security force, the welfare service, the police. Behind the building superintendent stands the administrator, the landlord, the bailiff, the eviction notice, the police. What the pigs manage with censorship, dismissals, notices of termination, with the bailiff's seal for seized belongings and the nightstick, they do with those things. Of course, they grab for the service pistol, the tear gas, hand grenades and machine pistols. Of course they escalate the [means of oppression]weaponry, if they are otherwise bogged down ["...nicht weiterkommen" is a military term for an advance that is being held up]. Of course, the GI's in Vietnam were retrained in guerilla tactics, the Green Berets given a course in torture. So what? Of course, the execution of sentences for political [prisoners] is intensified. You have to make clear that that it is Social Democratic garbage to assert that imperialism, including all the [Kurt] Neubauers and [Gen. William] Westmorelands, Bonn, the [Berlin] Senate, the State Youth Office and the borough offices, that the whole filthy bunch would allow itself to be infiltrated, to be led around by the nose, to be overpowered, to be intimidated, to be abolished without a struggle. Source: Rote Armee Fraktion (1970).  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Perception ones group obstructed: "We will never forget the blood spilled by Schmidt and the imperialists who support him" Wright p.78 (letter received by a French newspaper 'Liberation') "love for human beings is today only possible in the death-dealing hate-filled attack on imperialism-fascism" (Wright, p.42; Der Spiegel, 2 June 1975, p.2) Dehumanization characterization of police forces as pigs (Baader-Meinhof and other leftists of their era). Source: Rote Armee Fraktion (1970). "To capitalists, profit is everything and the people who create it are dirt" - statement from "2 June Commando" (somehow related to B-M gang) "Either a pig or a human being either survival at any price or a fight to the death either a problem or a solution nothing in between Wright, p.189, citing RAF Tactics absolving responsibility: "the consent of the masses can only be won through the armed struggle itself" (Wright p.106, from Mahler - i.e., we have to use violence to win mass  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Good/evil dualism: "the individual to become part of the collective and to view society in terms of 'black and white' standards of good and evil," (Wright, p.142, based on Becker, 1978) Either/or dualism: "Either a pig or a human being either survival at any price or a fight to the death either a problem or a solution nothing in between Wright, p.189, citing RAF IRISH REPUBLICAN ARMY Extreme measures  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1The rule of thumb for all our actions can therefore be clearly seen to be that we must explain by whatever means we have at our disposal why we bomb, why we punish criminals, why we execute informers etc. Source: IRA Green Book [Five-fold guerrilla strategy includes] 1.  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1A War of attrition against enemy personnel which is aimed at causing as many casualties and deaths as possible so as to create a demand from their people at home for their withdrawal. 2. A bombing campaign aimed at making the enemy's financial interest in our country unprofitable while at the same time curbing long term financial investment in our country. 3. To make the Six Counties as at present and for the past several years ungovernable except by colonial military rule. - Source: IRA Green Book. Glorify dying for cause "The milestones, the battle honours won, the bloodstained trail of sacrifice, imprisonment, hunger strikes, executions, yet with telling blows delivered to the enemy, often in the heart of British imperialism itself, commanding the open admiration of freedom-loving peoples around the world." - Source: IRA Green Book. Killing or offensive war a duty it may or may not be right to kill, but sometimes it is necessary (Adams, 1996, p. 169, quoting a short story he had written)  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Extending military technology - Pearse p.121-122 in Wright (1891) - wanting to arm all Irish citizens, and "bloodshed is a cleansing and sanctifying thing" - note the purity theme Perception ones group obstructed [we] are morally justified in carrying out a campaign of resistance against foreign occupation forces and domestic collaborators (IRA volunteer handbook called Green Book) "We are anti-imperialists" - Adams An Phoblacht / Rep. News, 7 Nov. 1985 Irish citizens are "victims of the imperialistic social, economic, and cultural system" An Phoblacht/Republican News, 17 Nov. 1983 Tactics absolving responsibility "the IRA is a symptom of the violence, not the cause of it." Gerry Adams in Before the Dawn, p.247 "If it was war they wanted, then it was war they would get" - Adams, Before the Dawn, p.143 (i.e., we certainly value fighting back)  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1 "the major part of violence is created and maintained by Britain ... The real terrorists are the UDR and the Police" (Wright, p.94; Owen Carron in Irish News 22 Aug 1981). Glorious past Professor Edmund Curtis, writing of Ireland in 800 AD says that she was the first nation North of the Alps to produce a whole body of literature in her own speech, and he is told how the Danes were driven out or assimilated by a people whose civilisation was a shining light throughout Europe, prior to the Norman invasion of 1169 with which there commenced more than 8 centuries of RELENTLESS AND UNREMITTING WARFARE that has lasted down to this very day. IRA Green Book AL GAMA'A AL ISLAMIYYA - QUTB Annihilate and purify the earth should be cleansed of corruption, by force if necessary (paraphrase of sentiments expressed by Sayed Qutb of Al-Gamaa al-Islamiyya in his milestones manifesto of political Islam) "God has informed the Believers that the life of this world is such that checking one group of people by another is the law of God, so that the earth may be cleansed of corruption." (Qutb, 1964, Ch 4.) Glorify dying for cause that it is Gods choosing and honoring a group of people...who are singled out from other people for honor...among the noblest angels (Qutb, 1964, ch. 12) More fully: "All men die, and of various causes; but not all gain such victory, nor reach such heights, nor taste such freedom, nor soar to such limits of the horizon. It is God's choosing and honoring a group of people who share death with the rest of mankind but who are singled out from other people for honor..." Killing or offensive war a duty the duty to engage in holy war, especially when one finds insistence that this means war for offensive and not just defensive purposes (as for Qutb) Extending military terminology jihad as holy war Utopianizing  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"God's Lordship should be established over the entire earth..." ch.4 of Milestones, Qutb "to create a new world on the foundation of submission to the creator" Milestones, Qutb, ch10 Catastrophizing Mankind today is on the brink of a precipice (Qutb, 1964, Introduction) Modernity disastrous Western civilization is unable to present any healthy values for the guidance of mankind (Qutb, 1964, Introduction.) Civil government illegitimate Qutb, civil governments are illegitimate because they involve decisions made by people, not by God, that is, they are not based on strictly on Gods authority as found in the Islamic scriptures. "Any system in which the final decisions are referred to human beings, and in which the sources of all authority are human, deifies human beings by designating others than God as lords over men." (Qutb, 1964, ch. 4). Perception ones group obstructed Qutb asserted "World Jewry" was and is engaged in tricks and schemes whose "purpose" is: to eliminate all limitations, especially the limitations imposed by faith and religion, so that Jews may penetrate into body politics of the whole world and then may be free to perpetuate their evil designs. (Qutb, 1964, ch8). He also alleged the West had a centuries-long "enmity toward Islam" which led it to create a "well-thought-out scheme ... to demolish the structure of Muslim society," (Qutb, 1964, ch8). Glorious past At one time this Message created a generation - the generation of the Companions of the Prophet, may God be pleased with them - without comparison in the history of Islam, even in the entire history of man. After this, no other generation of this caliber was ever gain to be found. It is true that we do find some individuals of this caliber here and there in history, but never again did a great number of such people exist in one region as was the case during the first period of Islam. ... This generation, then, drank solely from this spring and thus attained a unique distinction in history. In later times it happened that other sources mingled with it. Other sources used by later generations included Greek philosophy and logic, ancient Persian legends and their ideas, Jewish scriptures and traditions, Christian theology, and, in addition to these, fragments of other religions and civilizations. These mingled with the commentaries on the Qur'an and with scholastic theology, as they were mingled with jurisprudence and its principles. Later generations after this generation obtained their training from this mixed source, and hence the like of this generation never arose again. Thus we can say without any reservations that the main reason for the difference between the first unique and distinguished group of Muslims and later Muslims is that the purity of the first source of Islamic guidance was mixed with various other sources, as we have indicated. Qutb, Milestones, ch1 MEIR KAHANE AND ASSOCIATES Extreme measures we must take destiny into our own hands (Binyamin Ziv Kahane). Annihilate and purify describing Passover as the holiday that decrees the death and destruction of wickedness and not coexistence with it (Kahane, M., Passover, date unknown). Valuing intolerance and vengeance he who gives up peace and tranquility in the name of Gods battle and Gods vengeance merits eternal reward (paraphrase of sentiments expressed by Meir Kahane). Literally, "Precisely he who gives up his peace and tranquility, devoting himself to G-d's battle and to taking G-d's revenge, merits everlasting peace." (Kahane, M., War and Peace, date unknown). we must take destiny into our own hands (Binyamin Ziv Kahane).  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Where revenge is necessary, it is a great thing." "No trait is more justified than revenge in the right time and place." - Revenge the Jewish Approach Extending military terminology  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"devoting himself to G-d's battle and to taking G-d's revenge" - War & Peace Supernatural intervention the command by the supernatural that is implicit in devote yourself to Gods battle (Meir Kahane) "We will behave as if at war. And, God willing, there will be surprises." (Kahanist Baruch Marzel, quoted in Frontline's The Jerusalem Report, PBS 2005). Utopianizing  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1B. Kahane (the real struggle) - "restore the Jewish nation to its greatness" For we were not born in order to be slaves with improved conditions in Egypt; we were born to be redeemed. We were not born to live in villas in settlements surrounded by fences, like ghettos, with improved mortgage benefits: we were born to conquer and rule all of the land of Israel, free of the goyim and of our enemies. And if the price, more or less temporarily, is the loss of economic or security benefits, due to lack of participation on the part of the existing regime, or the necessity of gathering our own straw to make bricks for a while, the price is worth it. For we were not born to live with the status quo, after the fact. We were born to establish an ideal world, as it was at the beginning. B. Kahane, We Were Born to Establish an Ideal World Catastrophizing political disagreements as a leader holding an entire country hostage with its people driven to desperation (B. Kahane, On Assassinations and Attempted Assassinations,1995). Source: http://www.kahane.org/political/3.html#1195 Glorious past Young Jew whom I have never met, come home. Return to your people and their destiny. It is beautiful. You are young and for you, Return is simple. And know that your life can only be lived in one place. Home. The Land of Israel. It is a large land. Extending from the Mediterannean to the Jordan, from Hermon through Sinai to Sharm-al-Sheaykh. It stands, capable of absorbing millions, many millions of its sons and daughters who have not yet come. It is the land where one cannot move without colliding with the Jewish past. This is the land where Abraham walked and Isaac and Jacob traveled; where David and Saul fought the enemy and Deborah and Samson smote the foe; where the Prophets raised their eyes unto the heavens and spoke to the people; where the Maccabees preserved Judaism with the sword and where the Sanhedrin and Ben Zakkai continued it with the book; where Bar Kochba died and where his children will return. Here is Eretz Yisrael; here is your home. M. Kahane, Why Be Jewish? LORD'S RESISTANCE ARMY Annihilate and purify the world should be purified of sin (Alice Auma Lakwena of the Lords Resistance Army), literally "a spirit called Lakwena, who ordered her to build up the HSMF, in order to bring down the government, purify the world of sin, and build up a new world in which humans and nature would be reconciled" (Behrend, p.109) Killing or offensive war a duty to the situation in Konys Lords Resistance Army where it is said that in general spirit possession in his movement involved the duty to kill (Behrend, 1998, pp. 114-115). His refers here to Severino Lukoya, father of Alice Lawkena. Extending military terminology in the name of the movement:  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Lord's Resistance Army" and "United Democratic Christian Army"  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"He [Kony] likewise took over Alice's Holy Spirit tactics, as a way of combining modern western military techniques with ritual practices" (p.115)  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Possession by a spirit ... was interpreted as a sign of being chosen to fight" p.114 Supernatural intervention belief that the leader can never be killed or that after a ritual (purifying them of all sin) those fighting for him cannot be wounded or killed (associated with Joseph Kony of Lords Resistance Army). Alice Aumas possession by a spirit called Lakwena who ordered her to create a militant-extremist group in order to build up a new and purified world (the origin of the Lords Resistance Army later led by Kony) Utopianizing Alice Aumas possession by a spirit called Lakwena who ordered her to create a militant-extremist group in order to build up a new and purified world (the origin of the Lords Resistance Army later led by Kony) TAMIL TIGERS Extreme measures  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"...the Tamil youth realised that the redemption to their plight lay in revolutionary politics, a politics that should pave the way for a radical and fundamental transformation of their miserable conditions of existence." A.S. Balasingham, Liberation Tigers and Tamil Eelam Freedom Struggle (Madras, 1983), p.23. Also,  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"He who dares, wins." - V. Pirabhakaran (TT leader) in A. Pratap, Island of Blood, (2001, New York, Penguin), p.69. Also,  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"I strongly felt that an armed struggle was the only way to confront a system which employs armed might against unarmed and innocent people." V. Pirabhakaran (TT leader) in A. Pratap, Island of Blood, (2001, New York, Penguin), p.73.  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"You (arm chair) intellectuals are afraid of blood. No struggle will take place without killings." - V. Prabhakaran, reported comment, p.69 in M.R.N. Swamy (2002). Tigers of Lanka: from boys to guerrillas (3rd ed.). Delhi, India: Konark. Machiavellianism serving sacred  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"When liberty is attacked, any and every means of self-preservation becomes right and justified" - Satyendra quotation Valuing intolerance and vengeance  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Tell them, if one boy of mine is hurt, I will kill ten of theirs." V. Pirabhakaran (TT leader) in A. Pratap, Island of Blood, (2001, New York, Penguin), p.84. Also,  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"The LTTE is extraordinarily strict, and can be brutal in the way it deals with people who are seen as betrayers to the cause... The LTTE does not tolerate dissent" Pratap's observation, A. Pratap, Island of Blood, (2001, New York, Penguin), p.100-101.  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1glorifying dying for a cause: "The thought of certain death is a great trial. But to whom? Certainly not to us. Because we are married to our cyanide... That makes us clear-minded and personal." D. Hellman-Rajanayagam, The Tamil Tigers Armed Struggle for Identity (Stuttgart, 1994), p.67. (this quote may be from someone other than author) "I feel honoured that my death will take our struggle one step closer to Eelam" Pratap's report of what 'Black Tigers' (the best 20 of the Tigers, who carry out bombings of politicians or suicide attacks) typically told her, A. Pratap, Island of Blood, (2001, New York, Penguin) p.103 "Your children [the dead fighters] shall not die; they left becoming history." from V. Praphakaran's introduction to Mavirar Kurippetu ('Diary of Heroes')  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Who can say that the self-sacrifice of people for a cause is violent?" - paraphrase of Satyendra Extending military terminology armed struggle is the highest expression of political practice (Anton Balasingham of the Tamil Tigers). More fully, "With the conviction that armed struggle is the highest expression of political practice and must be channeled into a process of socialist revolution, the Tiger movement, from its earliest stages, engaged in developing and building political and military bases among the popular masses." (Balasingham, 1983). Perception ones group obstructed armed resistance to alien rule is not unlawful (Nadesan Satyendra, advocate for Tamil Tigers) "We do take the view that the armed resistance of the people of Tamil Eelam to alien Sinhala rule is not unlawful - and the double negative is deliberate." (Satyendra, 2001).  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Tamil nationalism arose as a historical consequence of Sinhala chauvinistic oppression." A.S. Balasingham, Liberation Tigers and Tamil Eelam Freedom Struggle (Madras, 1983), p.16 "... the soil where our ancestors were born, the soil where we have lived through generations from ancient times, our own soil; how can we tolerate the robbing of this soil from us, doing nothing? Ours is a language of antiquity and magnificence, ours is a superior culture and a true and good tradition ... A true national race like ours, who have a firm historical existence, should live in submission to another national race? Why?" - Cociyalicat Tamil Ilattai Nokki ('Towards a socialist Tamil Eelam') - LTTE publication 1980  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Dehumanization "The Sinhalese racist demons slowly take over our ancient land." D. Hellman-Rajanayagam, The Tamil Tigers Armed Struggle for Identity (Stuttgart, 1994), p.67 Tactics absolving responsibility "I strongly felt that an armed struggle was the only way to confront a system which employs armed might against unarmed and innocent people." V. Pirabhakaran (TT leader) in A. Pratap, Island of Blood, (2001, New York, Penguin), p.73. "The Tigers are adept at inventing reasons to justify their actions, to give the impression that their assaults are always in self-defense." Pratap's observation, A. Pratap, Island of Blood, (2001, New York, Penguin), p.90.  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"We are not terrorists... we are fighting and sacrificing our lives for the love of a noble cause." - V. Prabhakaran, reported comment, p.69 in M.R.N. Swamy (2002). Tigers of Lanka: from boys to guerrillas (3rd ed.). Delhi, India: Konark.  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Armed resistance was forced on us by the Sri Lankan government" - Thamilchevan, TamilNet 5/29/06 glorious past: "... the soil where our ancestors were born, the soil where we have lived through generations from ancient times, our own soil; how can we tolerate the robbing of this soil from us, doing nothing? Ours is a language of antiquity and magnificence, ours is a superior culture and a true and good tradition ... A true national race like ours, who have a firm historical existence, should live in submission to another national race? Why?" - Cociyalicat Tamil Ilattai Nokki ('Towards a socialist Tamil Eelam') - LTTE publication 1980 SIKH MILITANTS Extreme measures We have chosen the path of martyrdom so that the ever fresh face of the Khalsa and its unique glory can come into its own once again. -  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Sukha and Jinda, Sikh militants, in a letter written before their execution, to the president of India, cited by Mahmood, 1996, p.208 Machiavellianism serving sacred a sincere believer can do no wrong (Mahmood, 1996, p.206) Valuing intolerance and vengeance we must take destiny into our own hands (the Sikhs). if somebody interferes with our peace, we will not tolerate it (from a statement of a militant Sikh; Mahmood, 1996, p.127) Glorify dying for cause everybody has to die, but those who die for honor never die, for they are immortal (Sikh mother; Mahmood, 1996, p.105) Extending military terminology we are living life as if were in a battlefield (complaint of a Sikh militants wife; Mahmood, 1996, p.186) Utopianizing We have chosen the path of martyrdom so that the ever fresh face of the Khalsa and its unique glory can come into its own once again. -  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Sukha and Jinda, Sikh militants, in a letter written before their execution, to the president of India, cited by Mahmood, 1996, p.208  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"What I enshrine in my soul along with most of the Sikhs is a Khalistan that is an ideal state which the world has not seen before. A place where without distinction of caste, color, or creed all the citizens will have equality. Everybody will have the right to worship as they please. Citizens of Khalistan will be prosperous, and we will contribute toward the promotion of world peace. We will see that the whole world becomes a just place to live for the people of the Lord."-- Bhai Dhanna Singh - Mahmood, 1996, p.150 Perception ones group obstructed we cannot tolerate being slaves to a country that doesnt respect us, our religion, our culture, our language (a Sikh militant conversing with Mahmood, 1996 p.127) Tactics absolving responsibility sometimes armed struggle is forced on a group of people (paraphrase of statement by a Sikh spokesman), literally, ""Armed struggle was not our choice, it was forced on us." -- Bhai Dhanna Singh, a militant leader (Mahmood, 1996, p.148) Glorious past We have chosen the path of martyrdom so that the ever fresh face of the Khalsa and its unique glory can come into its own once again. -  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Sukha and Jinda, Sikh militants, in a letter written before their execution, to the president of India, cited by Mahmood, 1996, p.208 Sikh nation is proud of its glorious past and is absolutely resolute towards reclamation of its lost sovereignty, liberation of its homeland of Punjab, Khalistan and to be the master of its own destiny. - Paramjit Singh Ajrawat, President of the Anti-Defamation Sikh Council for Freedom of Khalistan,  HYPERLINK "http://www.khalistan.net/anti-defamation.html" http://www.khalistan.net/anti-defamation.html - Sikh nationalist site, no reason to assume that it is militant or extremist! Yet presumably the militant Sikhs share this sentiment. The kingdom of Maharaja Ranjit Singh is, as we have seen, frequently drawn on in the discussion of Khalistan because it was the only time when something like a Sikh state was in existence. The theme of communal harmony and tolerance under the enlightened rule of Ranjit Singh is celebrated by Khalistanis as other aspects of Ranjit Singhs rule are suppressed. Mahmood commentary p.256 AUM SHINRIKYO Extreme measures only extreme measures can restore virtue and righteousness (Liftons paraphrase of Aum Shinrikyo ideology) Lifton 1999, p.4 Machiavellianism serving sacred [Harada, an Aum member, explaining her understanding of Asaharas teachings]: Its too difficult to help all people, so sometimes we have to use force to accelerate salvation - Lifton 1999, p.80 [Matsui, an Aum member]: Deep in Asaharas heart, there was perhaps the thought of using whatever means were necessary for true salvation because essentially Asahara wanted to save people. Lifton 1999, p.57 Annihilate and purify  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1[Hideyoshi Takahashi] "Apocalypse is not some set idea, but more of a process. After an apocalyptic vision there's always a purging or purifying process that takes place. In this sense I think the gas attack was a kind of catharsis, a psychological release of everything that had built up in Japan -- the malice, the distorted consciousness we have. Not that the Aum incident got rid of everything. There's still this suppressed, virus-like apocalyptic vision that's invading society and hasn't been erased or digested." (Murakami, 1997/98: p.303-304) Glorify dying for cause both the perpetrators and their victims...merged into an all-encompassing immortalization (Lifton, 1999; summarizing Aum Shinrikyos ideology of killing; this group was unusual in believing that the victim also becomes immortal)  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Do not be afraid to sacrifice yourself" - Kaplan & Marshall book p.223 Killing or offensive war a duty  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"Anyone betraying the Aum must die" - Marshall book, p.38 Extending military terminology According to Asahara, God sent a message to him that he had been chosen to lead Gods army. Hoffman p.122 Supernatural intervention other examples are the belief the leader can never be caught because his higher state of enlightenment enables him to anticipate where the police will look for him (Aum Shinrikyo) Kaplan & Marshall, 1997, p.278 Utopianizing beliefs that the leader will create a new basis for civilization, a new paradise (Liftons characterization of Aum Shinrikyo Lifton 1999, p.4 Catastrophizing everythings heading straight for destruction and theres no turning back (Murakamis quote of statement by Kano, Aum Shinrikyo member; Murakami p.219) Dehumanization "People who are a low spiritual level lead a worthless existence" - Lifton 1999, p.6 Good/evil dualism: "In such a closed world, there is often a demand for purity, an insistence upon an absolute separation of the pure and the impure, good and evil, in the world in general and inside each person." Lifton 1999, p.2 "his belief that he had a sacred mission to lead the forces of good in an ultimate battle against those of evil" Reader p.54-55 SENDERO LUMINOSO Extreme measures Rosenberg quoting "Nuria," an SL member: "Peaceful change does not work. The bourgeoisie will never give up power, so anything they do without being forced to is not really giving up power." p.25. attributed to Mao Ze Dong (and that we found quoted by a leader of Sendero Luminoso): only through great storms can the world be changed. "Only through great storms, Chairman Mao said, can the world be changed. Let the Chinese Revolution spur us on to fulfill the Party's tasks here where it is our responsibility to do so." Guzman, p.55. Today revolution is the bloody process through which things are born. [Interview with Chairman Gonzalo, quoting Jose Carlos Mariategu without revolutionary violence one class cannot replace another, an old order cannot be overthrown to create a new one - Interview with Chairman Gonzalo Annihilate and purify Degregori also refers to "conquering or destroying whatever stands in the way of inescapable laws [citation 10]: C.I. Degregori (1991, p. 249) Critique of Anthropology 11: 233-250 we will sweep imperialism and reaction from the face of the earth (echoing Mao) Interview with Chairman Gonzalo  Mariategu said that only by destroying, demolishing the old order could a new social order be brought into being - Interview with Chairman Gonzalo Glorify dying for cause Rosenberg paraphrasing "Javier," an SL member: "The compaZeros still live and fight in us, they are present in every moment, they showed us how to give our lives yesterday, today, and tomorrow." p.24. We have to pay a price in war, a price in blood, the need to sacrifice a part for the triumph of the peoples war - Interview with Chairman Gonzalo Killing or offensive war a duty "Sometimes a movement must take the law into its own hands and execute those guilty of opposing the weak" - Luis Arce Borja (paraphrase) Utopianizing as a Communist party we have one goal: communism ... But until everybody on earth will arrive there, nobody enters communism ... we believe the road to communism is a long one. Guzman, El Diario interview 1988, p.110 Guzmans vision is highly anti-urban and anti-western and calls for a national identity in terms of a rural utopia G.L. Vasquez, p.206 (1993), J. PolMilSoc 21: 197-217. Note: Jose Carlos Mariategu (Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality, 1990, U. Texas Press, p.75) describes Inca communism - perhaps a sort of past utopia [as far as Guzman] is concerned, the quota of blood necessary for the revolution is a small price for installing a more egalitarian system G.L. Vasquez, p.206 (1993), J. PolMilSoc 21 p.209 Sendero offers its followers a Messianic ideology - a vision of a better future coupled to a service of historic mission. G.L. Vasquez, p.206 (1993), J. PolMilSoc 21 p.212 ... promises to destroy the existing order and to replace it with a rural-oriented utopia ... based on inevitable historical laws and made possible by a purifying violence which serves as a catharsis G.L. Vasquez, p.206 (1993), J. PolMilSoc 21 p.212 The violence of SL is exacerbated bo the belief that practically everything that is not generated by the party is contaminated and is part of or serves the interest of some system [bureaucratic, imperialist, etc.]- C.I. Degregori (1991, p. 249) Critique of Anthropology 11: 233-250 Degregori also cites "one of the most important documents of SL, defining communism as "the society of 'great harmony', the radical and definitive new society towards which 15 thousand million years of matter in motion..." - obviously utopian C.I. Degregori (1991, p. 249) Critique of Anthropology 11: 233-250 Civil government illegitimate Sendero indiscrimately [sic] rejects every Peruvian government in recent history... A. Wheat (1990) p.48, Journal of Political and Military Sociology 18:41-55. Perception ones group obstructed The Chairman has taught us that a country, a nation, a people, no matter how small, can defeat the most powerful exploiter and dominator on Earth if they dare to take up arms. - Interview with Chairman Gonzalo They [the people] have that right, given how much the masses have been swindled! ... how many hopes frustrated - Interview with Chairman Gonzalo Tactics absolving responsibility: "Sometimes violence is necessary to make those in power realize they are confronting a different kind of advocate for the people" - Guzman paraphrased Dehumanization "With its black and red typefaces laden with Maoist rhetoric and analysis, El Diario is an articulate purveyor of Shining Path's ideas whose eloquence is broken only by bursts of stuttering rage. But insults surge as from an artisan well. Its enemies are branded everything from 'worm' and 'cockroach' to 'executioner,' 'man-eating imperialist lackey,' 'murderous vulture,' and 'pishtaco'." Strong p.94. Glorious past? Note: Jose Carlos Mariategu (Seven Interpretive Essays on Peruvian Reality, 1990, U. Texas Press, p.75) describes Inca communism - perhaps a sort of past utopia AMERICAN INDIVIDUALISTIC EXTREMISTS Extreme measures K, M, R revolution is easier than reform (Unabomber manifesto, parag. 141).  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"permanent changes in favor of freedom could be brought about only by persons prepared to accept radical, dangerous, and unpredictable alteration of the entire systems" para. 111 "It would be better to dump the whole stinking system and take the consequences" (para 179)  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"violent action thus became an option" when other correctives to "abuse of power" did not work, McVeigh Q&A, 2001 "terror in the defense of one's country is patriotism, not extremism" - Serrano on McVeigh  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1...the more removed the person is from armed struggle, the weaker he becomes. - EricRudolphPacifism.html Machiavellianism serving sacred - R every effort, including violence if necessary, must be exerted to reach a sacred objective (paraphrase of sentiments of Eric Rudolph) (National Public Radio, 2005) Valuing intolerance and vengeance - R  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1elements of perceived homosexual agenda "should be ruthlessly opposed. The existence of our culture depends upon it. (National Public Radio, 2005) Killing or offensive war a duty K, R the Unabomber manifesto includes the sentiment (paraphrasing) that in some situations, the weak must kill the strong while they have the chance, the imperative must suggesting a duty. Literally, "The only sensible alternative for the weaker man is to kill the strong one while he has the chance." (parag. 135)  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1As to how Jesus would have reacted to the abortion issue... he would have condoned military action in defense of the innocent. - EricRudolphPacifism.html Extending military terminology M, R a war to establish righteousness is coming (paraphrase based on statements by Timothy McVeigh) -  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1- Serrano, 1998, on McVeigh ...without the military prowess of Christian warriors western Christianity would not have survived. - EricRudolphPacifism.html Utopianizing - K  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1"A revolutionary movement offers to solve all problems at one stroke and create a whole new world (para 141) note that K. is utopian except that the utopia is "wild nature" (para 183)- but this is not "pure chimerical utopia or any new kind of social order (para 184). And for K. the group is humans in general and the enemy is the "industrial-technological system" (para 192) Catastrophizing - K "the bigger the [industrial] system grows, the more disastrous the consequences of its breakdown will be; so it may be that revolutionaries, by hastening the onset of the breakdown, will be reducing the extent of the disaster" (Unabomber manifesto, parag. 167) Modernity disastrous - K the Industrial Revolution and its consequences have been a disaster for the human race (Unabomber manifesto, parag. 1) Civil government illegitimate - R, M For McVeigh, big government is inherently evil. -  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Serrano on McVeigh, "an illegitimate government" Rudolph sees it as a punishment for an infraction: The authorities have overstepped moral bounds and forfeited their right to rule. (National Public Radio, 2005) Tactics absolving responsibility K, M in order to get our message before the public with some chance of making a lasting impression, weve had to kill people (Unabomber manifesto, parag. 96)  SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1M: "sometimes violence is necessary to take back the freedoms we have lost" - Serrano on McVeigh References (also see those cited in the article): Rote Armee Fraktion (1970). "Build Up the Red Army!" (manifesto). English translation. Berlin. Source: http://home.att.net/~rw.rynerson/rafgrund.htm Irish Republican Army. (Unknown date.) The Green Book (Volunteer Handbook). Source: http://irishrepublicanarmy.info/GreenBook.html Qutb, Sayed. (1964). Ma'alim fi-l-Tariq (Milestones). Source: http://www.youngmuslims.ca/online_library/books/milestones/hold/index_2.asp Kahane, M. (Unknown date). Passover - Holiday of Vengeance. Source: http://www.kahane.org/meir/passover.html Kahane, M. (Unknown date). War and Peace. Source: http://www.kahane.org/meir/warandpeace.html Kahane, B.Z. (1995). On Assassinations and Attempted Assassinations. Source: http://www.kahane.org/political/3.html#1195 Public Broadcasting Service. (2005). Frontline: The Jerusalem Report. Source: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/israel/extreme/days.html Balasingham, A.S. (1983). "Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam: The Birth of the Tiger Movement, 1983," in the Political Committee of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, "Liberation Tigers and the Tamil Eelam Freedom Struggle." Source: http://www.tamilnation.org/ltte/ Satyendra, N. (2001). Violence and Integrity. Source: http://www.tamilnation.org/ideology/index.htm Ressa, M. (2004). Jihad rules in Islamic school. February 26, 2004. CNN.com:  HYPERLINK "http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/09/04/indonesia.school/index.html" http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/asiapcf/southeast/09/04/indonesia.school/index.html Murakami, H. (1997/98). Underground: The Tokyo gas attack and the Japanese people. Tokyo: Kodansha. National Public Radio (2005). Full text of Eric Rudolphs confession. April 14, 2005. NPR.com: http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4600480 Guzman, Abimael (as "Chairman Gonzalo"). (1990). In celebration of the fortieth anniversary of the Chinese Revolution. A World to Win 15: 52-55. July 1990. Rosenberg, Tina. (1990). Guerrilla tourism. The New Republic 202(25): 23-26. Strong, Simon. (1992). Shining Path: The World's Deadliest Revolutionary Force. London: HarperCollins. Reader, Ian. (2000). Religious Violence in Contemporary Japan: The Case of Aum Shinrikyo. Honolulu: Univ. of Hawaii Press. Hoffman, Bruce. (1998). Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia Univ. Press. 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