ࡱ> rtq% /bjbj%% "HGG*l+++++++t,3333<3t,}p3;;;;;;;ooooooo$3s Su p-+;;;;; p;++;;7p;;;;"+;+;o;;o;;DkD++o;3 ?t,3;:$m&o4Mp0}pJmfmv;mvo; ,<H,,++++Chapter 11 Study Guide To Go Learning Objectives  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Identify Texas state agencies that responded to Hurricane Katrina, and list key services provided by each agency.  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Summarize the view of economist Milton Friedman on preservation of freedom and the role of government, and explain why you agree or disagree.  seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Explain the difference between regressive taxes and progressive taxes.  seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Define the terms general sales tax and selective sales tax, and give examples of each.  seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Identify and describe gambling operations that are sources of state revenue in Texas, and comment on their importance for financing state government.  seq NL1 6 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Give arguments for and against expanding state-taxed gambling operations in Texas.  seq NL1 7 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Describe Texass tobacco suit windfall, and explain why you support or oppose securitization of this settlement.  seq NL1 8 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Identify and briefly describe the steps in Texass fiscal management process that begins with preparing a budget and ends with auditing state finances.  seq NL1 9 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Summarize recent funding problems for Texass public schools, and explain how school finance was restructured in 2006.  seq NL1 10 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Summarize recent funding problems for Texass public colleges and universities, and explain how the legislature has reacted to the needs of students and institutions of higher education.  seq NL1 11 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Comment on the cost of Medicaid and the Childrens Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and explain what, if anything, should be done to change financing of these programs.  seq NL1 12 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Explain how Texas is meeting the need for an expanded state highway system, and express your opinion concerning the construction of toll roads.  seq NL1 13 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Summarize recent findings of the Texas State Parks Advisory Committee, and explain the financial actions that you recommend.  seq NL1 14 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Outline the mission and the philosophy of Texas state government as set forth by the Governors Office of Budget, Planning and Policy, and the Legislative Budget Board. Explain why you agree or disagree with these statements.  seq NL1 \r 0 \h Finance  seq NLI \* ROMAN I seq NLA \r 0 \h . Fiscal Policies  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC A seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Taxing Policy  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC B seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Budget Policy  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC C seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Spending Policy  seq NLI \* ROMAN II seq NLA \r 0 \h . Revenue Sources  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC A seq NL1 \r 0 \h . The Politics of Taxation  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Sales Taxes  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Business Taxes  seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Death Tax  seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Tax Burden  seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Tax Collection  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC B seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Revenue from Gambling  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Racing  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Lottery  seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Bingo  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC C seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Nontax Revenues  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Federal Grants-in-Aid  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Land Revenues  seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . The Tobacco Suit Windfall  seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Miscellaneous Sources  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC D seq NL1 \r 0 \h . The Public Debt  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Bond Review  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Economic Stabilization Fund  seq NLI \* ROMAN III seq NLA \r 0 \h . Budgeting and Fiscal Management  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC A seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Budgeting Procedure  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Legislative Budget Board  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Governor s Ofce of Budget, Planning and Policy  seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Budget Preparation  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC B seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Budget Expenditures  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC C seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Budget Execution  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC D seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Purchasing  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC E seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Accounting  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC F seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Auditing  seq NLI \* ROMAN IV seq NLA \r 0 \h . Future Demands  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC A seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Public Education  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Sources of State Funding  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Funding Equalization  seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Restructuring School Finance  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC B seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Public Higher Education  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Community College Funding  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . University Funding  seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Tuition Deregulation  seq NL1 4 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Texas Tomorrow Funds  seq NL1 5 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . State Grants  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC C seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Public Assistance  seq NLA \* ALPHABETIC D seq NL1 \r 0 \h . Other Needs  seq NL1 1 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Transportation  seq NL1 2 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Public Safety Programs  seq NL1 3 seq NL_a \r 0 \h . Homeland Security Overview of the Text (pp. 437-474) Experiences with Hurricanes Katrina and Rita remind Texans that government action requires financial resources. This chapter focuses on the balance between costs and services; and it presents an overview of the states fiscal policies, its budgeting processes, and the most costly public policy areas. Fiscal Policies (p. 440). While financial negotiations between Texas and the federal government continued after the hurricane disasters, a ruling by the Texas Supreme Court forced the state to find new revenue sources to cover spending for its public schools. Thus, the Lone Star State faced key challenges to its low tax approach to fiscal policy, which concerns taxes, government spending, public debt, and management of government money. Texas lawmakers have established a regressive tax structure that bears most heavily on low-income people, but most Texans do not favor an income tax. The Texas Constitution prohibits state borrowing except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue, repel invasion, suppress insurrection, and to defend the state in war. In support of a pay-as-you-go balanced budget policy, the legislature cannot authorize spending in excess of the comptrollers estimate of anticipated revenue (unless approved by a four-fifths majority in each house). Historically, Texans have called for limited state spending. They have supported spending for highways, roads, and other public improvements but not for social services. A relatively high general sales tax (with some exemptions) and several selective sales taxes are the principal sources of state revenue. Additional state money is received from business taxes (for example, severance taxes on production of oil and natural gas), a state lottery, taxes on other gambling operations, federal grants-in-aid, non-tax revenue from state-owned land, and the tobacco suit windfall. The state borrows money by issuing general obligation bonds and revenue bonds as well as commercial paper and promissory notes. Bond issues must be approved by the legislature and the Texas Bond Review Board. The states Economic Stabilization Fund (rainy day fund) operates like a savings account from which money can be withdrawn to meet emergencies. Texass fiscal management process begins with a budget covering two fiscal years. This spending plan involves drafting by the legislative Budget Board and the Governors Office of Budget, Planning and Policy, authorization by the legislature, and execution by the governor and the Legislative Budget Board. Purchasing, accounting, and auditing are other important areas of fiscal management. Low taxing levels and restrained spending have kept the cost of Texas government relatively low, but the twenty-first century is producing strong demands fiscal policies that will address a growing populations needs for adequately funded public schools, community and technical colleges, and universities. At the same time, the state must address needs for public assistance to benefit the poor, roads and highways to facilitate movement of people and goods, and programs to promote public safety and homeland security. Looking Ahead (pp. 474). In the future, Texass government agencies will be pressured to meet more demands for services while receiving less money. Can government become smaller, smarter, and faster while meeting the challenges of the twenty-first century?  seq NL1 \r 0 \h  seq NL1 \r 0 \h Overview of the Selected Readings  seq NL1 \r 0 \h Put This Effort in Drive (pp. 479-480) The level of spending on Texas state parks is so low that the Lone Star State ranks 49th among the 50 states on a per capita basis. More distressing to many Texans is the fact that extra money paid for conservation license plates and funds raised from a special tax on sporting goods are not reaching their intendedand promiseddestination, state parks. As a result of the reduced budget for the parks system, which has been shrinking since 1990, many facilities show neglect and even disrepair. Other facilities have had to be shut down or sold. Members of the State Parks Advisory Committee believe that it is time to reverse this trend and dramatically increase park funding, resume park upkeep, and give Texans access to their parks.  seq NL1 \r 0 \h The Mission and Philosophy of Texas State Government by Governor Rick Perry (pp. 480-481) Governor Perry lays out his personal philosophy of government and sets forth priorities. He wants departments and agencies of state government to implement that philosophy, as well as to make his priorities their focus. Perrys beliefs, as outlined here, comport with traditional conservatism. Thus, they include limited state government, with most decisions made by (and responsibilities resting with) individuals, their families, and local governments. Further, he notes that state government should be open, honest, efficient, and fair; one of its important tasks is safeguarding taxpayer dollars by eliminating waste and corruption. Additionally, the governor argues that competition is the greatest motivator for individuals; however, he also says that helping Texas matters more than winning for ones party or oneself. Beyond principles, the governor has outlined priority matters for state government to address. Among these are education, the economy, healthcare, and protection for neighborhoods and communities. 12;<=?QRwx&+>[\efgi{| "45 !*+,.@Au v  T U ^ _ a c u v 6] mHnHu jU 5\]] 1w[ u T ! v } OCuurq63/v ! " + , . 0 B C v w } ~ )*+->?NOPghik|}]mHnHu jU]]5\ 56\j56U\ mHnHu jUR "45BCDMNOQcdtuv/0GHIRSTVhiqrs|}~]mHnHu jU]]^Hr?p&U%adX(cTqru&'>?@IJKM_`opqz{|~%&'0124FGTUV_`acuv$%&/013EF`abklmo]]mHnHu jU]^bdfxz|*,VXZ '()@ABDUVbcd{|}"#$&89STU^_`btu]mHnHu] jU]^ "45PQR[\]_qr&'(?@ACTUhij]mHnHu jU]]^Q'iFiR !#$&''*(++/ru12EFi&&&''''''''((((++"+#+/H*5 j5U5]565\]mHnHu jU]]& 1h/ =!"#$% i8`8 Normal@CJ_HmH sH tH b`b Heading 1$<@&-5;CJKHOJQJ_HmHnHsH tH u.`. 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