ࡱ> FHE{ bjbjzz 1: .. <<<<<$~0+)+<<@R<<<`rԊvV0+(++. N: The Digestive System Part A The Digestive Tube PartDescription of organPhysical digestionChemical digestionMouth Water and mucous from saliva moisten foodEnzyme in saliva (amylase) begins digestion of starch into sugar.Teeth Chew and shred food into smaller piecesNoneTongue Shapes food into round ball called a bolus for swallowing; Pushes bolus into throat/esophagus NoneEsophagus 25 30 cm (10-12 inch) long muscular tube connecting throat and stomachPeristalsis = waves of muscular contractions which push food forward through digestive tubeNoneStomach Large 18 cm (7 inches) muscular organ Muscular contractions grind food into soupy mixture called chyme; Mucous secretions protect stomach wall from acids. Water, glucose, and alcohol can diffuse into bloodAcid kills bacteria and activates pepsin pepsin Protein amino acidsSmall Intestine 600 cm (18 -21 foot) long tube; 1 inch in diameter. Muscular on the outside, villi on the inside. Villi = microscopic finger-like projections from cells of the intestinal liningPeristalsis continues Base from pancreas neutralizes stomach acid; Bile from liver breaks fat into smaller droplets. Absorption of nutrients through villi proteinase protein amino acids starchase starch sugar (glucose) lipase lipids fat molecules Proteinases, starchases and lipases are made in the small intestine and pancreas.Appendix 1 inch long organ at junction of small and large intestineMakes some white blood cells; not useful in digestionNoneOrganDescriptionPhysical DigestionChemical DigestionLarge Intestine 5-7 feet long (180 cm) 2-3 inches in diameterRemoves water from undigested food forming solid waste (feces) Peristalsis continues.NoneRectum 2 inch (5 cm) long muscular sacStores solid wasteNoneAnus Ring shaped muscle (Sphincter muscle)Releases solid wasteNone ACESSORY ORGANS USED IN DIGESTION OrganDescription of OrganPhysical DigestionChemical DigestionSalivary Gland 3 pairs of glands: upper jaw lower jaw under tongue ducts to mouthProduce water and mucous to soften and moisten food amylase Starch sugarLiver Largest internal organ; 12 X 5 X 4 Lies over stomach; duct to gall bladderProduces bile used in the small intestine to break fat into smaller droplets. Filters toxins from blood.Gall Bladder Small round sac located behind the liver. Attached to liver and small intestine by ducts.Stores bile made in liver. Sends bile to small intestine for use in fat digestion.Pancreas Fish-shaped organ located behind stomach. Duct to small intestine.Sends base and enzymes to small intestine.Bicarbonate (base) from pancreas used to neutralize stomach acid at beginning of the small intestine. Produces proteinase, starchase and lipase for use in the small intestine. 16 F G [ a $ L jkjhRUmHnHuh} hR5CJhR16K^qrxyz\kd$$Ifl\2  x04 la$If$If z{  fkd$$Ifl\2  x04 la$If   & ' ( ) d lffffffff$Ifkd<$$Ifl\2  x04 la @ E lfffffff$Ifkd$$Ifl\2  x04 laE F O P Q R S T U | lffffffffff$Ifkdx$$Ifl\2  x04 la $ M P e fkd$$Ifl\2  x04 la$If \ r s  > ? 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