ࡱ> ac`'` L!bjbj{P{P 7D::L<LCj*VCXCXCXCXCXCXC$AEhGb|Cjjj|CC,",","jVC,"jVC,","6?A $] @BtC0C@ H"! H8AAL HA","|C|C"Cjjjjr$r Subject: Earth Science Grade Level: 9 Unit Title: AstronomyTimeframe Needed for Completion: 16 days Grading Period: 1st nine Weeks Big Idea/Theme: Astronomy Understandings: Explain the Earths role as a body in space. Essential Skills/Vocabulary: (bold words are essential vocabulary) EEn.1.1.1 Explain the Earths motion through space, including precession, nutation, the barycenter, and its path about the galaxy. EEn.1.1.2 Explain how the Earths rotation and revolution about the Sun affect its shape and is related to seasons and tides. EEn.1.1.3 Explain how the sun produces energy which is transferred to the Earth by radiation. EEn.1.1.4 Explain how incoming solar energy makes life possible on Earth. Essential Questions: Why does the path of the Sun in the sky change throughout the year? How does the angle between the earth, sun and moon determine the phase of the moon? What causes the seasons? How does the path of the sun affect the seasons and day and night at different latitudes throughout the earth? Objectives: EEn.1.1.1 Explain the origin of the Earths motion based on the origin of the galaxy and its solar system. Recall Earths role in the hierarchy of organization within the universe and in the developmental continuum. (Universe is made of galaxies which are made of many stars. Some stars have planetary systems similar to our solar system. Earth is a satellite planet of one particular star.) Explain planetary orbits, especially that of the Earth, using Keplers laws. Explain relative motion of the Earth in the solar system, the solar system in the galaxy, and the galaxy in the universeincluding the expanding nature of the universe; Orbital motion (Earth around the Sun- once/year, seasons depend upon an approximate 23.5 degree tilt); Rotation around our axis (day/night,) Explain Precessionchange in direction of the axis, but without any change in tiltthis changes the stars near (or not near) the Pole, but does not affect the seasons (as long as the angle of 23.5 degrees stays the same) Explain nutationwobbling around the precessional axis (This is a change in the angle degree one way or the other. This occurs over an 18 year period and is due to the Moon exclusively. This would very slightly increase or decrease the amount of seasonal effects.) Explain barycenterthe point between two objects where they balance each other (For example, it is the center of mass where two or more celestial bodies orbit each other. When a moon orbits a planet, or a planet orbits a star, both bodies are actually orbiting around a point that lies outside the center of the primary (the larger body). For example, the moon does not orbit the exact center of the Earth, but a point on a line between the Earth and the Moon approximately 1,710 km below the surface of the Earth, where their respective masses balance. This is the point about which the Earth and Moon orbit as they travel around the Sun. Summarize that the Sun is not stationary in our solar system. It actually moves as the planets tug on it, causing it to orbit the solar system's barycenter. The Sun never strays too far from the solar system barycenter. EEn.1.1.2 Describe daily changes due to rotation, seasonal changes due to the tilt and revolution of the Earth, and tidal impact due to the gravitational interaction between the Earth and moon. Develop a cause and effect model for the shape of the Earth explaining why the circumference around the equator is larger than that around the poles. EEn.1.1.3 Compare combustion and nuclear reactions (fusion and fission) on a conceptual level. Identify fusion as the process that produces radiant energy of stars. Identify the forms of energy (electromagnetic waves) produced by the sun and how some are filtered by the atmosphere (X-rays, cosmic rays, etc.). Summarize how energy flows from the sun to the Earth through space. EEn.1.1.4 Explain how the tilt of the Earths axis results in seasons due to the amount of solar energy impacting the Earths surface. Explain differential heating of the earths surface (water temperature vs. land temperature) Explain how solar energy is transformed into chemical energy through photosynthesis. Explain how the earths magnetic field protects the planet from the harmful effects of radiation. Resources needed:  HYPERLINK "http://www.phschool.com" www.phschool.com (cjk-9999) http://sohowww.nascom.nasa.gov/  HYPERLINK "http://www.amazing-space.stsci.edu/" www.amazing-space.stsci.edu/  HYPERLINK "http://www.SciLinks.org" www.SciLinks.org web codes for SciLinks: CJN-7241 Electromagnetic Spectrum CJN-7222 Eclipses CJN-7253 Galaxies CJN-7243 Nuclear Fusion in the Sun  HYPERLINK "http://www.wiseowl.org" www.wiseowl.org SAS Curriculum Pathways www.Learn360.com Suggested Activities: Cornell notes Writing Prompt: What causes the seasons on Earth? Writing Prompt: What would happen if there was no moon? Create a Big Bang flowchart Webquest: When Will the Next Big Glacier Cover Toronto? Quizzes Visit ECSU Planetarium The Mechanical Universe-Keplers Laws Video (Learn 360) Beyond the Big Bang Video (Learn 360) Universe Infinite Frontier Adaptation-The Moon Video (Learn 360) The Moon and Tides Lab  HYPERLINK "http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Astro_p009.shtml" http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project_ideas/Astro_p009.shtml Article: Geodesy and the Size and Shape of the Planet Earth Measuring the Size and Shape of Earth  HYPERLINK "http://geography.about.com/od/physicalgeography/a/geodesyearthsize.htm" http://geography.about.com/od/physicalgeography/a/geodesyearthsize.htm Differential Heating lab  HYPERLINK "http://www.jefftwp.org/highschool/Kirshenbaum/Meteorology/Differential%20Heating%20lab%20write-up.doc" http://www.jefftwp.org/highschool/Kirshenbaum/Meteorology/Differential%20Heating%20lab%20write-up.doc Angles and Seasons-Teacher demo (Prentice Hall p.481) Notes: Webquest can be found at phschool.com #%3<=]`efgvwxz   " G H l ~ ߻򶱩yymmhZohs(5CJaJhgCJaJhs(CJaJ hZohZohNh5/5hihs(hg+5 hi5hs(hi5 h75 hs(5hNhi5h9Eh9E5 hy[5hq"hq"5H* hq"5h9E hgp;5 h v5 h9E5 hg+5hNh9E5*&=fg {rre & F $Ifgds( $Ifgds(}kd$$Ifl00&4  t06644 layt5/$If L!   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