ࡱ> ` bjbj 4hhhhhhh|====4=t|>QjX@:@@@@mAmAmAPPPPPPP$RhUPhZCmAmAZCZCPhh@@PEEEZCvh@h@PEZCPEEGhhG@L@ swV=CRGAH|Q0>QGU"DvUGG6Uh H8mAA^EOBLBmAmAmAPPDvmAmAmA>QZCZCZCZC|||$ *||| *|||hhhhhh Normal Vital Signs Guidelines for EMS, by Age Group Compiled using  HYPERLINK "http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0763716669/emsresource-20" Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured,  HYPERLINK "http://www.emsbooks.com/Merchant2/agent.mv?AG=288&SC=PROD&S=EOB&P=IN07-3" EMS Field Guide and  HYPERLINK "http://www.jems.com" Journal of Emergency Medical Services. You will find it extremely valuable in the field to memorize these vital signs guidelines. To help you memorize them, I have organized them by type and by age group. You can decide which will be easier to remember. Vital signs by type Pulse Descriptors: regular, irregular, strong or weak Adult 60 to 100 beats per minute Children - age 1 to 8 years 80 to 100 Infants - age 1 to 12 months 100 to 120 Neonates - age 1 to 28 days 120 to 160 Blood pressure Systolic Diastolic Adult 90 to 140 mmHg 60 to 90 mmHg Children - age 1 to 8 years 80 to 110 mmHg Infants - age 1 to 12 months 70 to 95 mmHg Neonates - age 1 to 28 days >60 mmHg Respirations Descriptors: normal, shallow, labored, noisy, Kussmaul Adult (normal) 12 to 20 breaths per minute Children - age 1 to 8 years 15 to 30 Infants - age 1 to 12 months 25 to 50 Neonates - age 1 to 28 days 40 to 60 Vital signs by age Adult vital signs Pulse 60 to 100 beats per minute Blood pressure 90 to 140 mmHg (systolic) 60 to 90 mmHg (diastolic) Respirations 12 to 20 breaths per minute Child vital signs (age 1 to 8 years) Pulse 80 to 100 beats per minute Blood pressure 80 to 110 mmHg systolic Respirations 15 to 30 breaths per minute Infant vital signs (age 1 to 12 months) Pulse 100 to 140 beats per minute Blood pressure 70 to 95 mmHg systolic Respirations 25 to 50 breaths per minute Neonatal vital signs (full-term, <28 days) Pulse 120 to 160 beats per minute Blood pressure >60 mmHg systolic Respirations 40 to 60 breaths per minute Other references Lung sounds Crackles or rales crackling or rattling sounds Wheezing high-pitched whistling expirations Stridor harsh, high-pitched inspirations Rhonchi coarse, gravelly sounds Pulse oximetry Range Value Treatment Normal 95 to 100% None or placebic Mild hypoxia 91 to 94% Give oxygen Moderate hypoxia 86 to 90% Give 100% oxygen Severe hypoxia <85% Give 100% oxygen w/ positive pressure Glasgow Coma Scale ADULT INFANT Eye opening E Eye opening Spontaneous 4 Spontaneous To speech 3 To speech To pain 2 To pain No response 1 No response Best motor response M Best motor response Obeys verbal command 6 Normal movements Localizes pain 5 Localizes pain Flexion - withdraws from pain 4 Withdraws from pain Flexion - abnormal 3 Flexion - abnormal Extension 2 Extension No response 1 No response Best verbal response V Best verbal response Oriented and converses 5 Coos, babbles Disoriented and converses 4 Cries but consolable Inappropriate words 3 Persistently irritable Incomprehensible sounds 2 Grunts to pain/restless No response 1 No response E + M + V = 3 to 15 90% less than or equal to 8 are in coma Greater than or equal to 9 not in coma 8 is the critical score Less than or equal to 8 at 6 hours - 50% die 9-11 = moderate severity Greater than or equal to 12 = minor injury Coma is defined as not opening eyes, not obeying commands, and not uttering understandable words. Additional references: Traumatic Brain Injury Resource Guide and House of DeFrance. Apgar Scale (evaluate @ 1 and 5 minutes postpartum) Sign 2 1 0 A Activity (muscle tone) Active Arms and legs flexed Absent P Pulse >100 bpm <100 bpm Absent G Grimace (reflex irritability) Sneezes, coughs, pulls away Grimaces No response A Appearance (skin color) Normal over entire body Normal except extremities Cyanotic or pale all over R Respirations Good, crying Slow, irregular Absent Pain scale The 0-10 pain scale is becoming known as the "fifth vital sign" in hospital and pre-hospital care. 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