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Modeling / Explicit InstructionADJECTIVE CLAUSES AND ADJECTIVE PHRASESVocabulary:Clause: A clause is a group of related words that contain a subject and a verb.Phrase: A phrase is a group of related words that does not contain a subject and a verb.ADJECTIVE CLAUSE: The girl who is sitting next to me is Mary.ADJECTIVE PHRASE:The girl sitting next to me is Mary.An adjective phrase is a reduction of an adjective clause. It modifies a noun. It does not contain a subject and a verb.The adjective clause in (a) can be reduced to the adjective phrase in (b). (a) and (b) have the same meaning. (c) CLAUSE: The boy who is playing the piano is Jonathan.PHRASE: The boy playing the piano is Jonathan.CLAUSE: The boy (whom) I saw was Tom.PHRASE: (none)Only adjective clauses that have a subject pronoun – who, which, or that – are reduced to modifying adjective phrases.The adjective clause in (e) cannot be reduced to an adjective phrase.In summary,essential = restrictive = needed SOOOOO….NO COMMAS needednon essential = non restrictive = not needed SOOOOO…COMMAS neededChanging an Adjective Clause to an Adjective PhraseThere are two ways in which an adjective clause is changed to an adjective phrase:The subject pronoun is omitted AND the be form of the verb is omitted.CLAUSE: The man who is talking to John is from Korea.PHRASE: The man 0 0 talking to John is from Korea.CLAUSE: The ideas which are presented in that book are interesting.PHRASE: The ideas 0 0 presented in that book are interesting.CLAUSE: Ann is the woman who is responsible for preparing the budget.PHRASE: Ann is the woman 0 0 responsible for preparing the budget.CLAUSE: The books that are on that shelf are mine.PHRASE: The books 0 0 on that shelf are mine.If there is no be form of a verb in the adjective clause, it is sometimes possible to omit the subject pronoun and change the verb to its –ing form.CLAUSE: English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters.PHRASE: English has an alphabet 0 consisting of 26 letters.CLAUSE: Anyone who wants to come with us is welcome.PHRASE: Anyone 0 wanting to come with us is welcome.If the adjective clause requires commas, as in (g), the adjective phrase also requires commas, as in (h).George Washington, who was the first president of the United States, was a wealthy colonist and a general in the army.George Washington, the first president of the United States, was a wealthy colonist and a general in the army.Guided Practice: Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.Do you know the woman who is coming toward us?Do you know the woman coming toward us?The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting wet. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.The children who attend that school receive a good education.The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress.The fence which surrounds our house is made of wood.They live in a house that was built in 1890.We have an apartment which overlooks the park.Practice. Change the adjective clauses to adjective phrases.Dr. Stanton, who is the president of the university, will give a speech at the commencement ceremonies. Did you get the message which concerned the special meeting?Be sure to follow the instructions that are given at the top of the page. The conclusion which is presented in that book states that most of the automobiles which are produced by American industry have some defect.The rules that allow public access to wilderness areas need to be reconsidered.The photographs which were published in the newspaper were extraordinary.Nero, who was Emperor of Rome from 54 to 68 A.D., is believed to have murdered both his mother and his wife. The psychologist who study the nature of sleep have made important discoveries.The experiment which was conducted at the University of Chicago was successful.Pictures that showed the brutality of war entered the living rooms of millions of Americans on the nightly news.Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia.The Indians who lived in Peru before the discovery of the New World by Europeans belonged to the Incan culture.Many of the students who hope to enter the university will be disappointed because only one-tenth of those who apply for admission will be accepted.There must exist in a modern community a sufficient number of persons who possess the technical skills that is required to maintain the numerous devices upon which our physical comforts depend.Practice. Change the adjective phrase to adjective clause.David Keller, a young poet known for his sensitive interpretations of human relationships, has just published another volume of poems.Ex. David Keller, who is a young poet who is known for his sensitive interpretations of human relationships, has just published another volume of poems.2. Corn was one of the agricultural products introduced to the European settlers by the Indians. Some of the other products introduced by the Indians were potatoes, peanuts, and tobacco.3. He read The Old Man and the Sea, a novel written by Ernest Hemingway.4. The sunlight coming through the window wakes me up early every morning.5. Mercury, the nearest planet to the Sun, is also the smallest of the nine planets orbiting the Sun.6. The pyramids, the monumental tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs, were constructed from 3000 to 1800 B.C.7. The sloth, a slow-moving animal found in the tropical forests of Central and South America, feeds entirely on leaves and fruit.8. Two-thirds of those arrested for car theft are under twenty years of age. 9. St. Louis, Missouri, knowns as “The Gateway to the West,” traces its history to 1793, when Pierre Laclede, a French fur trader, selected this site on the Mississippi River as a fur-trading post.10. Any student not wanting to go on the trip should inform the office.NAME: _______________________ DATE: __________ PER. ____ADJECTIVE CLAUSES AND ADJECTIVES PHRASESCOLLABORATIVE PRACTICECombine the sentences. Use the second sentence as an adjective phrase.Louisville was founded in 1778. It is the largest city in Kentucky.Ex: Louisville, the largest city in Kentucky, was founded in 1778.John Quincy Adams was born on July 11, 1767. He was the sixth president of the United States. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Two languages, Finnish and Swedish, are used in Helsinki. It is the capital of Finland.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________The Washington National Monument is a famous landmark in the nation’s capital. It is a towering obelisk made of white marble.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Honolulu has consistently pleasant weather. It is the best known to the traveler for Waikiki Beach.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Libya is a leading producer of oil. It is a country in North Africa.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Name: ___________________________ Date: ____________ Per. ____ERROR ANALYSIS: All of the following sentences adapted from student compositions contain errors. Test your skill by seeing how many of the errors you can find and correct.It is important to be polite to people who lives in the same building.She lives in a hotel is restricted to senior citizens.My sister has two childrens, who their names are Ali and Michael. He comes from Venezuela that is a Spanish-speaking country.There are ten universities in Thailand, seven of them locate in Bangkok, is the capital city.I would like to write about several problems which I have faced them since I come to the United State.There is a small wooden screen separetes the bed from the rest of the room.At the airport, I was waiting for some relatives which I had never met them before. It is almost impossible to find two person who their opinions are the same.On the wall, there is a colorful poster which it consists of a group of young people who dancing. ................
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