John Bowne High School



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Ms. Buffalino

Regents

Revised Edition

Geography Review

|Category |Russia |India |England |China |Japan |Latin America |

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|Important Geographic | | | | | | |

|Features | | | | | | |

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|Impact of Features | | | | | | |

|Socially | | | | | | |

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|Impact of Features | | | | | | |

|Politically | | | | | | |

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|Impact of Features | | | | | | |

|Economically | | | | | | |

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Ancient Civilizations

What was the Neolithic Revolution and why is it significant?

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Ancient Civilizations Chart

|Civilizations |Geography |Religion |Government |Contributions |

|Egypt | | | | |

|Mesopotamia | | | | |

|(Sumer) | | | | |

|Indus River Valley | | | | |

|(Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro) | | | | |

|China | | | | |

|Terms and Concepts |Answer/Description |

|What is a nomad? | |

|Define irrigation: | |

|Define: social stratification | |

|What role did women play in these ancient civilizations? | |

|Why was China known as the “Middle Kingdom?” | |

|What is meant by divine right? | |

|What is a dynasty? | |

|What was the Mandate of Heaven? | |

|What was the Dynastic Cycle, where was the Dynastic Cycle practiced, and why is| |

|it significant? | |

|What is the significance of the Silk Road? | |

Greece

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|Socrates |Plato |Aristotle |

|Socratic Method of questioning as a |Wrote The Republic  |Developed ideas on government |

|learning tool. |Favored a strong, controlling government|Favored the one strong and wise rule as |

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|Considered to be first western |Society has three classes: Philosophers,|Human Reason was the key to learning |

|philosopher |Soldiers, and Workers | |

|Terms and Concepts for |Answer/Description |

|Greece & Rome | |

|Define a direct democracy: | |

|Define a republic: | |

|Define patricians and plebeians: | |

|Who was Pericles? | |

Rome

What was Hellenistic culture? Who established it? What were the accomplishments?

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What did the fall of the Roman Empire pave the way for?[pic]

The Byzantine Empire is the eastern half of the Roman Empire that lasted until about 1453.

|What was Justinian’s Code and who was |Orthodox Christian Church |Great Schism |

|Justinian? | | |

|Cyrillic Alphabet |Orthodox Christianity |Autocratic Government |

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China

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III) Tang and Song Dynasty

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Belief Systems

|Belief System |Place of Origin and/or |Founder, Beliefs and Sacred Text |

| |Place Worshiped | |

|Animism | | |

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|Shintoism | | |

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|Taoism | | |

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|Hinduism | | |

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|Buddhism | | |

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|Judaism | | |

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|Christianity | | |

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|Islam | | |

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|Confucianism | | |

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|Terms and Concepts |Answer/Description |

|List the polytheistic religions: | |

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|List the monotheistic religions: | |

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|Caste System | |

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|Filial Piety | |

|Karma | |

|Dharma | |

|Reincarnation | |

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|Why were the first religions polytheistic? Explain. | |

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|Is religion unifying or divisive? Explain. | |

|Why is Jerusalem considered a turbulent city? | |

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What are the characteristics that make up a “Golden Age?

List 5 achievements that came out of the Golden Age of Islam:

III. The Middle Ages

What years are considered the “Middle Ages”?

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|Feudalism |Manoralism |Catholic Church |

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| |How were manors self sufficient? |The Catholic Church was a unifying force in a time of|

|[pic] | |political instability after the fall of the Roman |

|How did feudalism operate? | |Empire. |

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| | |How did the Church assert authority over rulers? |

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| |What was Chivalry? | |

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THE CRUSADES

Why are the Crusades considered a successful failure? Explain.

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During what years were the Crusades fought?

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ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION

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How did the Tokugawa Shogunate isolate Japan from the outside world?

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Compare and Contrast

European Feudalism Japanese Feudalism

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Genghis Khan conquered the largest land empire ever in the history of the world in one life time. The Mongols conquered areas of China, Persia and parts of Europe. His armies were made up of skilled horsemen and bowmen. Kublai Khan, grandson of Genghis started the Yuan Dynasty in China.

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Approximate dates: ____________

The famous Chinese explorer Zheng He traveled to Southeast Asia, along the coast of India, around the Arabian Peninsula and to the port cities of East Africa. After his explorations the Chinese decided that no other civilization was as superior as theirs. They decided to isolate themselves and limit foreign contact with other.

The Bubonic Plague spread everywhere, because of trading and exploration.

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|Population Losses |Economic Decline |Social and Political Change |Confusion and Disorder |

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List two factors that led to the Commercial Revolution

What is a guild?

The Renaissance:

A Rebirth of Greek and Roman ideals that focused on Human ability, potential, and achievement

During what years did the Renaissance occur? _________________

|List Three Artists |One work for each |List Three Writers |One work for each |

|1. | |1. | |

|2. | |2. | |

|3. | |3. | |

Who invented the printing press?

What are three effects of the printing press?

The Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation

1. 2.

What was the Counter Reformation? What was its purpose?

When did the Reformation occur: _______________

When did the Counter Reformation occur: _______________

West African Kingdoms

|Ghana (800-1000) |Mali (1200-1450) |Songhai (1450 – 1600) |

|Controls trade in gold and salt across West Africa. |Mali conquers kingdom of Ghana. |Songhai grows into largest West African state. |

|Women work in business and government. |Mansa Musa becomes great emperor. |Controls important trade routes. |

|King has Muslim advisors. |Mali controls gold trade routes. |Emperor sets up Muslim dynasty. |

| |Timbuktu becomes a great trading city and center of | |

| |learning. | |

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Who was Mansa Musa and what were the major effects of his rule?

LATIN AMERICA (Mesoamerica)[pic]

| |OLMECS |MAYAS |AZTECS |INCAS |

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|POLITICAL STRUCTURE (gov’t) | | | | |

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|ROLE OF RELIGION | | | | |

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|ACHIEVEMENTS | | | | |

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CHINA

1. Why did China choose to isolate themselves from trade in 1433?

2. How did geography contribute to Chinese isolation?

3. Who was Zheng He and why is he significant?

4. How/why/when did the Ming rise and fall?

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|List the many ways China had influenced the following areas |

|KOREA |WESTERN EUROPE |JAPAN |SOUTHEAST ASIA |

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THE AGE OF EXPLORATION

What were the reasons for European exploration?

|Conquistadors: |Who did he conquer? |Reasons for Success? |

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|HERNANDO CORTES | | |

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|FRANCISCO PIZARRO | | |

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|Goods from the Americas |Goods from Europe |

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Define MERCANTILISM:

(WHAT IS SENT TO THE PARENT COUNTRY?

(WHAT IS SENT TO THE COLONY?

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|Monarch |Country |Facts |

|Akbar the Great |India | |

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|Charles V |Spain | |

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|Philip II |Spain | |

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|Louis XIII |France | |

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|Louis XIV “The Sun King” |France | |

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|Louis XVI |France | |

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|Peter the Great |Russia | |

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|Catherine the Great |Russia | |

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|Henry VIII |England | |

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|Elizabeth I |England | |

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|Suleiman the Magnificent |Ottoman Empire | |

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1) What is the significance of the Glorious Revolution in England:

2) Define Limited Monarchy:

3) What was the Magna Carta?

4) List 5 elements of the English Bill of Rights:

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1) How did the Renaissance spark the Scientific Revolution?

2) Scientists and their accomplishments:

(Copernicus:

(Galileo:

(Newton:

3) How did the Scientific Revolution change the way Europeans looked at the world?

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How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?

|Enlightenment Thinker |Beliefs |

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|John Locke | |

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|Montesquieu | |

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|Voltaire | |

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|Rousseau | |

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What are natural Rights?

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What were the causes of the French Revolution?

|Political |Social |Economic |

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When did the French Revolution occur: _________________

Describe the various stages of the French Revolution?

Explain and describe the Napoleonic Code:

What is the significance of the French Revolution?

What is the significance of the Congress of Vienna and who was Metternich?

~~~~Latin America and Mexico~~~~

|List two revolutions that inspired those in Latin |Who was Toussaint L’Overture and why is he |Who was Simon Bolivar and why is he significant? |

|America: |significant? | |

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|Who was Porfirio Diaz and why is he significant? |Who was Emiliano Zapata and why is he significant? |Who was Francisco “Pancho” Villa and why is he |

| | |significant? |

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|Person/Concept |Country |Significance |

|Ataturk | | |

|Zionism | | |

|Bismarck | | |

|Garibaldi | | |

|Mazzini | | |

|Cavour | | |

|Gandhi | | |

|Nehru | | |

|Person/Concept |Country |Significance |

|Jinnah | | |

|Indian National Congress | | |

|Muslim League | | |

|India/Pakistan Conflict | | |

|Passive Resistance/Civil Disobedience | | |

|Indira Gandhi | | |

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What was the agricultural revolution?

What were the effects of the agricultural revolution?

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and why?

What were three causes of the Industrial Revolution?

• 1.

• 2.

• 3.

Effects of the Industrial Revolution:

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

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• Who was Mathew Commodore Perry?

• What was the Meiji Restoration?

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|COUNTRY |WHAT SHOULD I KNOW? |

|INDIA |What European country controlled India? |

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| |Explain what led to the Sepoy Mutiny? |

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| |What were the effects? |

|AFRICA |How did the Berlin Conference illustrate Eurocentrism? |

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| |What was the Boer War? Who fought? |

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| |What was the result of Zulu resistance? |

|CHINA |Who was selling Option to the Chinese? |

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| |What was the Opium War? |

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| |How did the Europeans benefit from the Treaty of Nanjing? |

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| |What is a Sphere of Influence? |

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| |Why did the Boxers lose? |

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| |Who was Sun Yixian? |

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What were the causes of WWI?

|M |A |N |I |A |

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Who was involved?

|CENTRAL POWERS |ALLIED POWERS |

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1. Why were the Balkans known as the Powder Keg?

2. What technology was used?

3. Describe Trench warfare:

4. Why was WWI a stalemate?

5. What were the effects of WWI?

6. How was Germany treated?

7. What is the significance of the Treaty of Versailles and the War Guilt clause?

8. How did WWI pave the way for WWII?

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What was Bloody Sunday?

Who was the leader of the Bolsheviks?

What promise did Lenin make to the people of Russia?

Why did Lenin pull out of WWI?

What was the NEP? How was it a step back from communism?

Define: Command Economy

Who took power after Lenin?

What was the Great Purge?

Describe the Five-year plan:

What were collectives?

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How did the Great Depression pave the way for WWII?

What are the characteristics that are associated with a fascist leader?

1) Benito Mussolini – Il Ducé

Promises:

Effects:

2) How did the Weimar Republic pave the way for WWII?

3) Adolf Hitler

Promises:

Strategies

Effects:

4) Main Ideas/Events that Are Associated With the Holocaust:

(Hitler Youth, Night of the Broken Glass, Nuremburg Laws)

|AXIS POWERS |ALLIED POWERS |

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What important decisions were made at Yalta and Potsdam?

The League of Nation failed at the conclusion of WWI.

What organization was created in response to the atrocities that occurred during WWII?

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What two super powers emerged?

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1. Significance of Soviet Satellites?

2. What is the significance of NATO?

3. What is the significance of the Warsaw Pact?

4. Be able to describe the partition of Germany:

5. What was the Berlin Blockade?

6. What was the Berlin Airlift?

7. What was the “iron curtain” that had descended upon Europe?

8. What was the arms race?

9. What was the space race?

10. What is the significance of Sputnik?

11. What is the significance of the Berlin Wall? (1961-1989)

12. What is the significance of the Marshall Plan?

13. What is the significance of the Truman Doctrine?

14. What is the significance of the Cuban Missile Crisis?

15. Define: containment

16. Define: co-existence

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1. Who was Mao Zedong?

2. What was the Long March?

3. List 5 reasons for Communist Success during the Chinese Civil War

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IV. Mao Made Several Changes and Reforms.

➢ What was the goal of the Great Leap Forward?

➢ What was the Cultural Revolution? Who were the Red Guards?

➢ How did the role of women change in China?

V. Deng Xiaoping

➢ List Deng Xiaoping’s four modernizations.

➢ Which program of Deng’s was similar to Mao’s?

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Explain how India has dealt with the following problems:

1. Caste System

2. Status of Women

3. Sikh Separatism

( Why did East and West Pakistan break from India?

( What name does East Pakistan have today?

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❖ Define Apartheid

❖ Explain how each of the people below contributed to the end of apartheid

Nelson Mandela:

Desmond Tutu:

F.W. de Klerk

❖ What problems has tribalism caused in Africa?

❖ What did Kwame Nkrumah and Jomo Kenyatta have in common?

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• Why was Israel created?

• What is the goal of the PLO?

• What was the intifada?

• How did the Camp David Accords promote peace in the Middle East?

• The Middle East is important to the world because it is an important source of oil, home to three world religions, and is the crossroads of trade between Egypt, Africa and Europe.

• What was the focus of the Iran-Iraq War?

• How did the Persian Gulf War begin?

• Why have people of the Middle East turned to Islamic Fundamentalism?

• Who overthrew the Shah of Iran? What type of government did he establish? How has he changed the government of Iran?

THE COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION

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|ARGENTINA |How did Juan Peron gain popularity? |

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|CUBA |Who is Fidel Castro? |

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| |Why was Cuba affected by the collapse of the Soviet Union? |

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|NICARAGUA |What type of political system did the Sandinistas establish? |

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| |Name the political group that revolted against the Sandinistas. |

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| |Why did the US support this counterrevolutionary group? |

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CURRENT ISSUES

|Topic |Problem |

|Overpopulation | |

|Environmental Pollution | |

|Deforestation | |

|Desertification | |

|Status of Women | |

|Urbanization | |

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Neolithic Revolution

How did agricultural advancements impact society?

Sparta

Athens

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Pages 40-43

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How did I, Julius Caesar pave the way for the Roman Empire?

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I am considered to be the first Roman Emperor. Who am I?

What lead to the fall of the Roman Empire?

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What was the Pax Romana? When did it occur? Where did occur?

Who was the leader that began it?

Accomplishments

During the

Pax Romana

What lead to the fall of the Han Dynasty?

What were some accomplishments that occurred during the Tang and Song Dynasties?

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BYZANTINE EMPIRE

Effect On

Russia

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Byzantine Empire

[pic]Roman Empire

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POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

Causes

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Effects

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

ISLAM SPREAD TO

AFRICA

ASIA

EUROPE

DIFFERENCES

SUNNIS

SHIITES

Pages 72-75

Describe Japan’s geography:

Impact of geography on the people:

Geography

Shintoism

• Uniquely Japanese religion that stresses love of nature

• Shrines are located in places of natural beauty

Religion

Cultural Diffusion

List two ways in which Japan was influenced by Korea or China

1.

2.

Japanese Feudalism

Define Bushido

Long Term

1.

2.

3.

CAUSES OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

Mongol’s lasting effect upon Russia

Who was Genghis Khan?

Who was Kublai Khan?

Why is the rat the animal chosen to represent the Black Death?

B

L

A

C

K

P

L

A

G

U

E

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EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE

Short Term

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Long Term

1.

2.

3.

The Protestant Reformation had many leaders. Two of the most important were:

Short Term

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

1

2

COMMERICIAL

REVOLUTION

LED TO

Rise of towns

List three new businesses

1.

2.

3.

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Define: Humanism

New Philosophies and ideas

I wrote that the end justifies the means.

Who am I?

EFFECTS OF THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

My Hajji is one of the most famous in history.

What is liberalism?

What is Social Darwinism?

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CHINA IMPACTS THE WEST AND ASIA

Capital City:

Religion:

Successful because of:

Absolute Ruler SULEIMAN:

List two accomplishments:

1.

2.

How did cultural diversity and nationalism impact the Ottoman Empire?

How did Europe contribute to Ottoman decline?

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

YEARS: ______

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Define: Janissary

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Three advancements

1.

2.

3.

How they were useful for exploration

1.

2.

3.

EXPLORERS

Vasco de Gama

Christopher Columbus

Ferdinand Magellan

When people realize they share a common ancestry, heritage, language and culture; nationalism acts like a magnet.

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Europeans born in Spain

European descent, born in the colonies

A mix of European and Native American or African

THE SLAVETRADE

Causes: What did the Europeans need?

Effects: List two negatives of the slave trade

1.

2.

How does the hierarchy reflect Eurocentrism?

This ship was used to take slaves on the _____________ _________________ across the Atlantic ocean

This trade route was known as the _________________ ________________.

The Age of Absolutism

Peninsulares:

What is Utopian Socialism?

What is Marxism?

What is conservatism?

japan

JAPANESE IMPERIALISM

SINO-JAPANESE WAR

Explain it:

Significance:

Outcome:

RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR

Explain it:

Significance:

Outcome:

What were the causes of imperialism?

Explain.

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CAUSES and EXPLAIN

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The significance of the Bombing of Pearl Harbor?

The significance of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki?

The significance of D-Day?

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What is appeasement?

What was Blitzkrieg?

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War Crimes Trial

Cold War

Economic Loss

Human Loss

IMPACT OF WWII

What event is illustrated in this picture?

Causes:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

BREAK UP OF USSR

Effects:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Perestroika

Glasnost

Who am I?

The fall of the Berlin Wall was a symbolic end to Communist control over Eastern Europe.

Who was Lech Walesa and what did he accomplish?

Ethnic and Religious Conflict Worldwide

Northern Ireland

Describe the religious controversy.

Bosnia

Africa

What happened in Rwanda?

Africa

Apartheid

Cambodia

Darfur

Rape of Nanjing

Armenian Genocide

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Pages 2-4

Pages 13-14

Pages 9-20

Pages 15-17

Pages 18-20

Pages 44-47

Pages 18-20

Pages 21-25

Pages 27, 48-53

Pages 54-59

Pages 60-63

Pages 27, 48-53

Pages 156-157

Pages 76-79

Pages 82-83

Pages 84-85

Pages 85-87

Pages 88-91

Pages 92-96

Pages 106-111

Pages 112-115

Pages 116-118

Pages 119-125

Pages 124-125

Page 123

Page 125

Pages 126-130

Pages 140-142

Page 143

Pages 144-151

Pages 150-151

Pages 158-162

Pages 163-169

Page 167

Pages 173-178

Pages 170-172

Pages 190-195

Pages 197-201

Pages 202-209

WWII info: Pages 210-215

Pages 226-232

Pages 238-241

Pages 242-244

Pages 244-247

Pages 249-254

Pages 255-259

Pages 260-263

Pages 279-285

Pages 286-299

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When was the Age of Absolutism?

________________

When was it?

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When was it?

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What was the “little red book?”

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Pages 124-125

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