Pervious Pavement POROUS PAVEMENTS Advanced Design ...
Pervious Pavement Advanced Design Seminar
Chris Webb and Associates, Inc., PS Bellingham, WA, USA
POROUS PAVEMENTS
Impervious Surface Reduction Strategies Mimicking Natural Conditions...
Porous Pavement Section
(Built Conditions)
POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Impervious Surface Reduction Strategies
DESIGN CRITERIA
Soil
9 Soil's infiltration rate 9 Soil's structural capacity (CBR rating) 9 Soil's susceptibility to swelling 9 Site location (slope stability)
Applications
9 High or low traffic 9 Sources of contamination (i.e. industrial) 9 Maintenance
Mix Design
9 Strength of section
POROUS PAVEMENTS
Impervious Surface Reduction Strategies Mimicking Natural Conditions...
Native Soil Section
(Natural Conditions)
POROUS PAVEMENTS
Conceptual Summary Section
Concepts shown, not all will be present on each design...
POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Design Options Aggregate
No. 8 and 89, well graded (current standard mix) 3/8" - No. 4, poorly graded ("shopping cart Friendly"),
(not always available)
Color Proprietary products
Stoneycrete Percocrete
Thickness of pavement and base Edge detailing options
Channelization issues Prevent contamination from landscaping materials
POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Base Design
Base acts as drainage reservoir and structural support
Typically washed large Chipped rock (3/4" ? 1?")
Need long term soil infiltration rate and design storm intensity
~6" ? ~8" (~10"?) depending on site conditions Fabric may be used with some sub-grades Under-drains may be needed...
POROUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Pavement Thickness Design
Need:
Soil Strength Anticipated loading Assumptions about Modulus of Rupture of Pavement
Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Association method
Florida Concrete Products Association method Typical Results
~ 4" residential driveways ~ 6" parking lots and very low volume streets ~ 7-8" streets low volume streets
Thickened Edge
PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Testing and Verification
The verification of specified design parameters is a recognized problem
ASTM tests do not yet exist for pervious concrete pavement
Some proxy values are used
Unit weights from cores Aesthetics (uniformity of surface, etc.)
Test panels
PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Site Prep and placement of the base rock
PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Placement Movie 1: delivering, screeding, and raking
PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Placement Movie 2: floating
PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Placement Movie 3: finishing
PERVIOUS CONCRETE PAVEMENT
Cover and Protect
PERVIOUS INTERLOCKING PAVERS
Pavement Design Considerations
Edge Restraint
Concrete curbing Plastic angle edging
Shape of area / edges Base thickness (hydraulics and soil strength) Infill materials
Grass Course sand (3-5mm)
INTERLOCKING CONCRETE PAVERS
Example Project ? Typical Section
REINFORCED GRASS PAVING
Pavement Design Considerations
Slope Vehicle loading Traffic volume Base thickness (hydraulics and soil strength) Grass Mix Establishment of grass & watering Likelihood of Maintenance
PERVIOUS PAVEMENT
Construction Considerations
Protect the subgrade
Excavation timing Construction vehicle loading & compaction issues Subgrade contamination Staging of materials
Protect the installed crushed rock base
Sacrificial wearing course?
Protect the installed pavement
Landscaping Erosion Control
PERVIOUS PAVEMENT
Some thoughts on modeling...
This will not be an engineering design presentation
The modeling of pervious pavements is an emerging field, much is not known yet
There are flow control credits (approved modeling assumptions) available in various jurisdictions
50% grass / 50% impervious as an example
Depends heavily on soil type and other design parameters
Using pervious pavements should reduce the required detention by some amount on most projects...
PERVIOUS PAVEMENT
APPROXIMATE relative costs for Comparison
Pervious Concrete pavement, in place
$4 ? $5 / sf plus base and site prep.
Pervious Interlocking concrete pavers
$5 ? $6 / sf plus base and site prep.
Reinforced Grass Paving
$4 ? $6 / sf plus base and site prep.
Reinforced gravel
?? Kathy ?
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