A REVIEW ON THE ADVANCEMENT OF NANOCELLULOSE AS ...

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Integrity-Reliability-Failure, Porto/Portugal 24-28 July 2016 Editors J.F. Silva Gomes and S.A. Meguid Publ. INEGI/FEUP (2016)

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A REVIEW ON THE ADVANCEMENT OF NANOCELLULOSE AS REINFORCEMENT OF POLYMER MATRIX

Shama Parveen1(*), Sohel Rana1, Raul Fangueiro1, Maria Concei??o Paiva2 1Fibrous Materials Research Group (FMRG), U. Minho, Campus de Azur?m, 4800-058 Guimar?es, Portugal 2Institute for Polymers and Composites (IPC), U. Minho, Campus de Azur?m, 4800-058 Guimar?es, Portugal (*)Email: shamaparveen@; parveenshama2011@

ABSTRACT This paper describes the future trend of utilization of Nano Cellulose in commercial sectors. It addresses the processing parameters required to incorporate Nano-Cellulose in various matrices. The need for replacement of conventional reinforcements with Nano Cellulose has also been discussed in this review.

Keywords: Nano fibrillated cellulose, nano crystalline cellulose, polymer composites, industrial application.

INTRODUCTION Nowadays research is more focused on the use of renewable polymeric composites for various applications. Nano cellulose is emerging as a promising material for reinforcement in bio-composites/ thermoplastic composites/ thermosetting composites due to its high tensile strength, high elastic modulus, low density and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Nano cellulose can be tailored according to the need by the help of functionalization by polymers or nano particles; it can be chemically modified or it can also be modified by inorganic compounds and surfactants. Nano cellulose are classified as Nano fibrillated cellulose and Nano crystalline cellulose. Nano fibrillated cellulose contains both amorphous and crystalline structures, whereas Nano crystalline cellulose contains only crystalline structures. (Klemn, 2011) There are several ways to incorporate Nano Cellulose in polymeric matrices:

1. Casting Evaporation/ Freeze Drying 2. Extrusion ( Melt compounding and twin screw extruder) 3. Impregnation 4. Electrospinning 5. Sol-Gel Technique.

APPLICATIONS Nano Cellulose can be successfully applied to various fields because of its high stiffness and strength values along with its light weight and gas barrier properties.

1. In paper industry: Application of nano cellulose as fillers in paper increases its dry strength and also increases its surface strength. (Kretzschmar, 2013)

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Topic_D: Composite and Advanced Materials

2. In food packaging: Due to increasing concern regarding the biodegradability of food packages, the focus on using bio polymers in food packaging is gaining interest. Bio polymers have the major drawbacks of weak mechanical properties and barrier properties. Nano cellulose as reinforcement in bio polymer increases the mechanical performance of bio-polymer as well as it acts as oxygen barrier to increase the shelf life of the food products. (Khan, 2014)

3. In automobile body and carpeting: Glass fibre reinforced thermoplastic composites used in automobile can be replaced by nano cellulose reinforced thermoplastic composites. The main objective to use nano cellulose as reinforcement is to reduce the CO2 emission during production, processing and use of the composite. (Kiziltas, 2013)

4. In other commercial sectors: Nano cellulose can be used as reinforcement for PVA matrix to increase the tensile strength, and it also decreases the water permeability. The film produced by nano cellulose reinforced PVA are also transparent. The nano cellulose reinforced PVA composites can be used in packaging, optics, filtration, in drug delivery and in tissue engineering. (Nigrawal, 2012)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors acknowledge the Portuguese Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e a Technologia for financial support through project PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2013 (Strategic Project - LA 25 2013-2014). The authors also acknowledge Centre for Textile Science and Technology (University of Minho) and FIBRENAMICS PLATFORM for providing required conditions for this research.

REFERENCES [1]-Khan A, Huq T, Khan RA, Riedl B, Lacroix M. Nanocellulose-Based Composites and Bioactive Agents for Food Packaging. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2014, 54, p. 163-174. [2]-Kiziltas A, Kiziltas EE, Boran S, Gardner DJ. Micro- and Nanocellulose Composites for Automotive Applications. In Proceedings of SPE automotive composites conference and exhibition (ACCE), September 2013, (pp. 11-13). [3]-Klemm D, Kramer F, Moritz S, Lindstr?m T, Ankerfors M, Gray D, Dorris A. Nanocelluloses: A New Family of Nature-Based Materials. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2011, 50, p. 5438-5466. [4]-Kretzschmar J, Arndt T, Erhard K. Saving paper strength by using composites of filler and cellulosic fibrils. chungen/2013_Nanotechnology_ipw_0913.pdf. [5]-Nigrawal A, Prajapati SJ, Chand N. Mechanical and thermal properties of nano-cellulose obtained from sisal fiber reinforced polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) bio-composites. Journal of Scientometric Research and Review, 2012, 1, p. 41-50.

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