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Chapter 4 Study Guide

The Structural Foundations of American Government and Politics

1. What is sourcing?

a. government regulations relating to trade with Japan

b. reducing the fringe benefits offered to American workers

c. subcontracting jobs to foreign companies

d. subcontracting jobs to other American companies

e. using new technology to redesign a product

2. Which of the following was a major factor contributing to urbanization in America in the early 1900s?

a. a decrease in the power of political parties

b. a massive federal and state road-building program

c. an increase in taxes in rural areas

d. an increase in the need for agricultural workers

e. the arrival of industrialization

3. Following World War II, which of the following events significantly facilitated the suburbanization of America?

a. industrialization and globalization

b. massive road building and government-guaranteed home loans for veterans

c. the Grange movement and the accompanying need for more agricultural workers

d. the growing influence of Hispanic and Asian voters

e. the Homestead Act and the Preemption Act

4. The American economic system is best characterized as __________.

a. capitalist

b. collectivist

c. isolationist

d. mercantilist

e. socialist

5. What best characterizes the transformation of the American economy that began in the 1970s and continues today?

a. depression

b. globalization

c. inflation

d. recession

e. stagflation

6. Outsourcing __________.

a. is beneficial for American workers

b. is disliked by many Americans

c. is less likely in free-trade industries

d. is subcontracting jobs to American companies

e. was heavily used to design the Boeing 747

7. When are politicians most likely to listen to the concerns of immigrants?

a. after immigrants become citizens who are eligible to vote

b. as soon as immigrants arrive in the United States

c. during an economic downtown

d. when doing so will jeopardize their standing with natives

e. when nativist sentiment is strongest

8. Which of the following contributed to globalization?

a. development of the Internet

b. increased government regulation of American industries

c. increased shipping costs

d. international agreements that erected trade barriers

e. new tariffs on imports from China

9. Which of the following is a core element of American political culture?

a. a strong sense of individualism

b. belief in government interventionism

c. distrust of free enterprise

d. hostility toward religion

e. support for socialism

10. Consistent with their belief in individualism, Americans tend to support __________.

a. an equal ability to influence electoral outcomes

b. an equal ability to influence public policy outcomes

c. economic equality

d. equality of condition

e. equality of opportunity

11. Recent changes to the age of the American population are most likely to put a strain on which of the following?

a. immigration

b. Medicare

c. national security

d. public schools

e. roads

12. Why does economic inequality threaten democracy?

a. Democracy is predicated on economic equality.

b. Economic inequality increases the incentives for political participation.

c. Economic inequality means that fewer citizens are affected by government decisions.

d. Those who are poor are less effective democratic citizens.

e. Those who are poor are more effective democratic citizens.

13. How is the global economy most likely to affect typical American workers?

a. fewer fringe benefits

b. higher wages

c. increased unionization

d. increased use of domestic raw materials

e. more high-paying jobs available

14. Why might a company engage in outsourcing?

a. to demonstrate their commitment to environmental stewardship

b. to lower costs

c. to make its American workforce more satisfied

d. to please labor unions

e. to win the praise of American politicians

15. How has America’s position as the world’s military leader affected American society and politics?

a. Democrats have become more popular and Republicans have become less popular.

b. Fewer Americans are willing to lend moral support to those who serve in the military.

c. The U.S. government spends a large portion of its budget on national security.

d. The U.S. has become less reliant on the National Guard.

e. U.S. politics are so focused on military issues that domestic issues are largely ignored.

16. How have the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan affected America’s power in the world?

a. They have depleted U.S. resources and left America economically weakened.

b. They have depleted U.S. resources, but increased the prestige of America in the world.

c. They have increased America’s military power by demonstrating the willingness of the

U.S. to preemptively fight perceived enemies to the American way of life.

d. They have made the U.S. stronger by reducing the threat of terrorism.

e. They have stimulated the American economy by creating a demand for goods necessary for the war effort.

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