World History I
World History I
SOL Review
Ancient Greece
Location
• Ancient Greece is located on a __________________ between the ______________ Sea and the __________________ Sea.
• Greece had easy access to the Fertile Crescent and _________.
• Greece’s location made it ideal for _____________ and _________________.
• Greece’s geography was mainly affected by its ____________________ terrain.
Greece’s mountainous terrain affected its history:
• Resulted in the development of _________-_____________, not a single empire
• Had _____________ __________________ that pushed people to form colonies
• Had to depend on the __________ and ____________
Religion
• Greek mythology was a rich collection of stories/myths about Greek _________/____________.
• Greek myths explained mysteries of __________________________.
• Greek gods and goddesses had _____________ qualities and influenced western _______________ and __________.
• Ancient Greeks were ______________________, meaning they worshipped many gods.
• Important gods/goddesses to Ancient Greece were:
• Zeus – ___________________
• __________ – goddess of marriage
• __________ – god of the sun
• __________ – god of the hunt and moon
• Aphrodite – goddess of ____________
• _______________ – goddess of wisdom
Economy
• Greek colonies eased overcrowding on the mainland.
• Greek city-states traded wine and olives for grain.
• Greek merchants traded throughout the Mediterranean area, replacing _____________ with a money economy.
• Trade led to the spread of _________________ culture.
Government
A ____________ was a Greek city-state and it demanded intense loyalty.
There were three groups of people in the polis:
• Citizens – free _________ _____________ that had political rights
• Free people with no political rights – _____________ and __________________
• Non-citizens – _____________ with no rights
Civic participation was expected of citizens, and decisions were made in open debate. This was the foundations or beginnings of modern _______________________.
After 750BC, Athens was the primary city-state and had four stages of government:
• _____________ – rule by one person who inherited his/her powers
• _____________ – rule by a small group of nobles (also called oligarchy)
• _____________ – rule by one person that seized power by force
• _____________ – rule by an assembly in which citizens could vote (major Greek contribution – no democracy existed before Greece)
• In Athens the struggles for power by tyrants were often influenced by the condition or plight of _______________________.
• _________________ (a tyrant) developed written laws with severe punishments.
• __________________ improved the legal system and expanded participation in the assembly.
Sparta however was ruled by a small group called an _________________ (or an aristocracy). Sparta’s society had a ____________ social structure and was a ____________ and aggressive society.
Persian Wars
• The Persian Wars united ____________ and _____________ against a common enemy.
• The Greeks won victories at ____________ and ______________, which gave them control of the ____________ Sea.
• The defeat of the Persians resulted in the beginning of the ________________ Age of Greece, also known as the Age of __________________.
Peloponnesian War
The causes of the Peloponnesian War were:
• Athens dominated the _____________________ League
• Sparta dominated the _________________ league
• Sparta and Athens competed for control of the Greek world
The effects of the Peloponnesian War were:
• Hellenic Age ended
• Greece left weak and open to ________________
• Cultural development slowed
Age of Pericles
• Pericles extended democracy in ______________ where most adult male citizens had equal voice in government.
• Pericles rebuilt Athens after the Persian Wars and the _________________ was built.
• Under Pericles, Athens formed the ______________ League, an alliance of Greek city-states, to form a ________________ against external enemies.
The contributions of Ancient Greece during its Golden Age are the following:
• Philosophy: _______________, _____________, ________________
• Drama: Aeschylus, ___________________
• Poetry: Homer, who wrote The ____________, and the _______________
• History: ___________________ and Thucydides
• Sculpture: __________________ (and his statue of ______________)
• Architecture: _________________ and columns (___________, _____________, and _____________________)
• Science: Archimedes, _____________________ (medicine)
• Mathematics: Euclid, _____________________
Alexander the Great
• The Greek city-states were conquered by ____________________ (under King _______________________) after the Peloponnesian Wars had greatly weakened the city-states.
• ______________________________________ (his son) conquered the __________________ Empire and areas as far east as the _____________ River Valley.
• Alexander carried ____________________ culture to the conquered territories and combined it with the cultures of the conquered peoples.
• Greek was spoken by leaders from Macedonia to Egypt.
• The __________________ (G_____________, P____________, E____________, and I________________) Age lasted until the rise of the R___________ Empire.
Identify the following:
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