AP Biology 2013 Scoring Guidelines - College Board

AP? Biology 2013 Scoring Guidelines

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AP? BIOLOGY 2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1

In an investigation of fruit-fly behavior, a covered choice chamber is used to test whether the spatial distribution of flies is affected by the presence of a substance placed at one end of the chamber. To test the flies' preference for glucose, 60 flies are introduced into the middle of the choice chamber at the insertion point indicated by the arrow in the figure above. A cotton ball soaked with a 10 percent glucose solution is placed at one end of the chamber, and a dry cotton ball with no solution is placed at the other end. The positions of flies are observed and recorded every minute for 10 minutes.

(a) Predict the distribution of flies in the chamber after 10 minutes and justify your prediction. (2 points maximum) ? 1 point for predicting the location of the flies in the choice chamber ? 1 point for justifying the prediction

(b) Propose ONE specific improvement to each of the following parts of the experimental design and explain how the modification will affect the experiment. (4 points maximum) ? Experimental control ? Environmental factors

Proposed Improvement (includes but not limited to) Explanation

(1 point maximum)

(1 point maximum)

Experimental control

Replace the dry cotton ball with a water-soaked cotton ball.

Constant light or temperature or duration of experiment or time of day, etc.

Ensures that glucose is the attractant

Other variables must be held constant

Environmental factors

Proposed Improvement (includes but not limited to) (1 point maximum)

? Use different concentrations of glucose ? Use different temperature(s) ? Use different light levels ? Use a different choice chamber (size/shape) ? Vary duration of the experiment ? Vary time of day when experiment is performed

Explanation (1 point maximum)

Attributes movement of flies only to glucose preference

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AP? BIOLOGY 2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1(continued)

(c) The experiment described above is repeated with ripe bananas at one end and unripe bananas at the other end. Once again the positions of the flies are observed and recorded every minute for 10 minutes. The positions of flies after 1 minute and after 10 minutes are shown in the table below.

DISTRIBUTION OF FLIES IN CHOICE CHAMBER

Time (minutes) 1

End with Ripe Banana

21

Position in Chamber

Middle

End with Unripe Banana

18

21

10

45

3

12

Perform a chi-square test on the data for the 10-minute time point in the banana experiment. Specify the null hypothesis that you are testing and enter the values from your calculations in the table below. (2 points maximum)

PART (c): CHI-SQUARE CALCULATION

Null Hypothesis: (1 point) The flies will be evenly distributed across the three different parts of the choice chamber.

End with ripe banana

Observed (o) 45

Expected (e)* (1 point)

20

(o - e)2/e 31.25

Middle

3

20

14.45

End with unripe banana

12

20

3.2

Total

60

60

48.9

*Expected values must be those predicted by the null hypothesis provided in the student response, add up to 60, and include no cells equal to 0.

(d) Explain whether your hypothesis is supported by the chi-square test and justify your explanation. (1 point maximum)

? Correct explanation with justification of why the stated null hypothesis is rejected or not rejected. Response must clarify each of the following: o degrees of freedom (df) = 2 and p = 0.05 (critical value = 5.99) OR degrees of freedom (df) = 2 and p = 0.01 (critical value = 9.21) o how the calculated test statistic compares to the selected critical value o whether the null hypothesis should be rejected

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AP? BIOLOGY 2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 1(continued) (e) Briefly propose a model that describes how environmental cues affect the behavior of the flies in

the choice chamber. (1 point maximum) ? Stimulus Response ? Input (possible integration) Output

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AP? BIOLOGY 2013 SCORING GUIDELINES

Question 2

Color Violet Blue Cyan Green Yellow Orange Red

Wavelength (nm) 380?450 450?475 475?495 495?570 570?590 590?620 620?750

An absorption spectrum indicates the relative amount of light absorbed across a range of wavelengths. The graphs above represent the absorption spectra of individual pigments isolated from two different organisms. One of the pigments is chlorophyll a, commonly found in green plants. The other pigment is bacteriorhodopsin, commonly found in purple photosynthetic bacteria. The table above shows the approximate ranges of wavelengths of different colors in the visible light spectrum.

(a) Identify the pigment (chlorophyll a or bacteriorhodopsin) used to generate the absorption spectrum in each of the graphs above. Explain and justify your answer. (3 points maximum)

1 point per box Identify BOTH pigments: Graph 1 = bacteriorhodopsin AND graph 2 = chlorophyll a Explain that an organism containing bacteriorhodopsin appears purple because the pigment absorbs light in the green range of the light spectrum and/or reflects violet or red and blue light. The reflected red and blue light appears purple. Explain that an organism containing chlorophyll a appears green because the pigment absorbs light in the red and blue ranges of the light spectrum and/or reflects green light.

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