TOXICOLOGY TIMES - SDRL

(800) 677-7995

Volume 6, Issue 2

TOXICOLOGY TIMES

A FREE Monthly Newsletter for Substance Abuse and Opioid Treatment Programs from San Diego Reference Laboratory



February, 2016

What is NORMAL Human Urine?

Dr. Joseph E. Graas, Scientific Director The collection and measure of this temper- urine. Specimen validity testing is the

Dr. Edward Moore, Medical Director

ature will sort out this purposeful adultera- evaluation of the specimen to determine if

tion. The urine should also look normal. it is consistent with normal human urine

Many drug users attempt to evade detec- It should have a pale yellow to light orange (creatinine values greater than 20 mg/dL).

tion of their drug abuse by adding various color. It is suggested that a "bluing" agent When abnormally large quantities of fluids

materials (adulterants) to their specimen in be used in the collection bathroom to pre- are consumed, the urine becomes diluted

order to produce a false negative result vent the addition of toilet water, and ideal- and the creatinine levels are substantially

when the specimen is screened by immu- ly the water to the sink should be shut off. reduced. At the same time, the dilution of

noassay for drugs of abuse. Adulteration

the urine reduces the amount of drugs and

methods include addition of water to dilute At a minimum, a creatinine test for adul- their metabolites that may be present. Al-

the urine, substitution with a drug free liq- teration should be done. This test should ternately, a donor may try to beat a test by

uid that looks like urine, addition of readi- be done at the laboratory along with the adding water to the urine cup to dilute the

ly available household items (e.g. vinegar, drug testing. The result of the creatinine drug level. San Diego Reference Labora-

baking soda, liquid drain opener, deter- test will indicate whether or not more ex- tory includes the test for creatinine as part

gent, etc.) or addition (tampering) with tensive adulteration testing should be done of the routine drug panels. The creatinine

readily available adulterants for sale on the on the sample.

result will be reported as mg/dL and each

internet such as Urine-Aid (which contains

result will have one of the following mes-

glutaraldehyde) or Klear (which contains Creatine is synthesized from amino acids sages attached:

potassium nitrate) etc.

in the kidney, liver and pancreas. The cre-

atine is then transported in the blood to Consistent with Normal Urine Normal human urine, when voided, will other organs where it is synthesized into creatinine values greater than 20 mg/dL

have a temperature that approximates the creatinine. In the absence of kidney dis- Possible Diluted Urine Sample body temperature. This temperature meas- ease, the urinary creatinine is excreted in creatinine values between 6 and 20 mg/dL

urement should be done at the collection rather constant amounts and represents Possible Substituted Urine Sample site and immediately after the subject has glomerular filtration and active tubular creatinine values of 5 mg/dL or less

voided the sample. The temperature excretion of the kidney.

should be 90-100 degrees Fahrenheit, typi-

Next months issue will be:

cally 93-95 degrees Fahrenheit. Any Because creatinine is excreted from the addition of water or room temperature flu- body at a constant rate, there are expected ids will drastically reduce the temperature. values for creatinine in normal human

Urine Drug Testing: Controlling for Alteration

??? Did You Know ???

Question of the Month

The process of recovery is highly personal and occurs via many Question: How do I get a question answered by San

pathways. It may include clinical treatment, medications, faith-based approaches, peer support, family support, self-care, and other ap-

Diego Reference Laboratory?

proaches. Recovery is characterized by continual growth and im-

provement in one's health and wellness that may involve setbacks. Because setbacks are a natural part of life, resilience becomes a key

Answer:

Please

send

an

email

to

toxicolo-

component of recovery. Resilience refers to an individual's ability to gytimes@ and have your questions answered by

cope with adversity and adapt to challenges or change. Resilience develops over time and gives an individual the capacity not only to

our knowledgeable staff and published in a future edi-

cope with life's challenges but also to be better prepared for the tion of Toxicology Times! You may also fax in your

next stressful situation. Optimism and the ability to remain hopeful are essential to resilience and the process of recovery.

questions to 858-677-7998 ATTN: Toxicology Times,

Source: SAMHSA

or feel free to call us at 800-677-7998 ext. 117

Toxicology Times ? 2016 San Diego Reference Laboratory.

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download