Maryland Commission on the School-to-Prison Pipeline and ...

Maryland Commission on the School-to-Prison Pipeline and Restorative Practices

FINAL REPORT AND COLLABORATIVE ACTION PLAN

Report to the Maryland Governor and General Assembly pursuant to House Bill 1287 (2017)

December 20, 2018

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Commission Roster.........................................................................................4

Acknowledgements.......................................................................................6

Executive Summary........................................................................................7

I.

Charge and Work of the Commission...................................................10

Legislative Charge ? House Bill 1287 (2017) .................................................................... 10 Summary of Commission's Work ....................................................................................... 11 Connection to Kirwan Commission on Innovation and Excellence in Education ..13

II. Discipline Practices in Maryland Public Schools....................................15

Maryland Law Regarding School Discipline ................................................................... 15 MSDE School Discipline Policy and Regulations ............................................................ 16 Determining Disproportionate Impact in Maryland Schools ....................................... 17 Comparing Discipline Policy across Districts...................................................................19 The Failure and Harmful Impact of Exclusionary Discipline ......................................... 20 The School-to-Prison Pipeline ............................................................................................. 21 Disproportionality in Maryland School Discipline ........................................................... 23 School Resource Officers and the School-to-Prison Pipeline ...................................... 26 Maryland School Arrest Data ............................................................................................ 28 Dispelling Myths about Discipline Disparities .................................................................. 29 Review of Local District Discipline Policies ...................................................................... 31 The Need to Shift from "Consequences" to Prevention and Accountability..........33

III. Research about the Effectiveness of Restorative Practices........................34

IV. Restorative Approaches to Creating and Sustaining Positive School Communities......................................................................................43

Definition of a Restorative Approach .............................................................................. 45

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Continuum of Restorative Approaches and Tools ........................................................ 46 Social Emotional Learning and Problem Solving ........................................................... 49 Restorative Approaches and Adverse Childhood Experiences.................................51 Positive Behaviorial Interventions and Support (PBIS) ................................................... 52 Examples of Districts Implementing Restorative Approaches.....................................53

Montgomery County ............................................................................................. 54 Anne Arundel County ........................................................................................... 56 Baltimore City..........................................................................................................58 Prince George's County ....................................................................................... 63 Dorchester County.................................................................................................64 Baltimore County ................................................................................................... 64 Frederick County .................................................................................................... 65 Worcester County .................................................................................................. 65 Charles County.......................................................................................................66 Garrett County ....................................................................................................... 66 Cecil County ........................................................................................................... 67 Harford County ....................................................................................................... 67 Lessons And Guidance from Maryland Districts ............................................................ 68 Positive Impact .......................................................................................................68 Training and Support ............................................................................................. 68 Challenges and Recommendations..................................................................69 Best Practices .......................................................................................................... 70 Practice Recommendations................................................................................71 Summary ................................................................................................................................ 72

V. Youth and Community Engagement....................................................73

Youth Voice .......................................................................................................................... 73 Input from Youth .................................................................................................................. 74 Family and Community Engagement .............................................................................76

VI. Recommendations.............................................................................78

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APPENDICES

1

Summary of Local Discipline Codes that Mention Positive Discipline Approaches

2

Interview Guide for Local Districts Using Restorative Approaches

3

Summary of Youth Engagement Event at North Dorchester High School

4

Guide for the Implementation of Restorative Approaches

TABLE OF FIGURES

1

Average out-of-school suspensions and enrollment by race/ethnicity

2

Average school out-of-school suspension rates by subgroup, 2011, 2013, 2015

3

School-related arrests by school district, 2015

4

School-related arrests and enrollment by race, 2015-16

5

Positive Discipline Terms in Local Codes of Conduct

6

Data from Homewood Center, Howard County, Maryland

7

Continuum of Restorative Approaches and Strategies

8

Social and emotional learning core competencies

9

Adverse Childhood Experiences

10 Montgomery County Public Schools Continuum of Restorative Practices

11 Anne Arundel County Public Schools Restorative Practices Continuum

12 City Springs Elementary/Middle School Suspensions

13 City Springs Problem Behavior Flowchart

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COMMISSION ROSTER

Barbara Sugarman Grochal, Chair Director, School Conflict Resolution Education Program Center for Dispute Resolution, Maryland Carey School of Law

The Honorable Alonzo T. Washington Maryland State Delegate (District 22, Prince George's County)

The Honorable Barbara A. Robinson Maryland State Senator (District 40, Baltimore City)

Walter J. Sallee Director of Student Services and Strategic Planning

Maryland State Department of Education

Michael D. Phillips Member, Maryland State Board of Education

The Honorable Sam J. Abed Secretary, Maryland Department of Juvenile Services

Gavin Patashnick Secretary's Designee, Director of Legislation and Policy

Maryland Department of Juvenile Services

Michael Bunitsky President's Designee, Maryland Association of Boards of Education

Robin L. McNair President's Designee, Maryland State Education Association Restorative Practices Coordinator, Prince George's County Public Schools

Ruben Amaya President's Student Designee, Maryland Association of Student Councils

Jon Carrier President, Maryland Association of School Resource Officers

Aimee Evan & Marla Posey-Moss President's Designees, Maryland Parent Teacher Association

Gail L. Sunderman, Ph.D Executive Director, Maryland Equity Project College of Education, University of Maryland

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