Social Studies Study Guide: Cowboys, Inventions, Immigration



Name_________________________________ Date_______________________#_______Unit 1 Social Studies Study Guide Parent’s signature_______________________1. What is supply and demand? Supply is the amount of something that people want to sell at a certain price; Demand is the amount of something that people want to buy at a certain price.2. How did price incentives motivate cowboys to drive their cattle all the way to Kansas on the Chisholm Trail? The demand for cattle was higher in the Northeast. They were willing to pay more money for the cattle.3. Why were cattle trails, such as the Chisholm Trail, important for the economy of the United States? Cowhands herded cattle on the Chisholm Trail up to the railroad, so they could be loaded and shipped to the northeast to be sold for a profit.4. The Chisholm Trail stretched from which states? From Texas to Kansas5. Why did cattle drives come to an end? Barbed wire; the growth of railroads; conflicts with sheep ranchers; freezing temperatures that killed thousands of cattle6. What impact did the inventions of these inventors have on American life?The Wright Brothers – (flight) After 4 years of experiments, in 1903, they achieved the first successful airplane flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Because of this invention, people were able to travel more quickly and easily.George Washington Carver – (science) He discovered 300 uses for the peanut and hundreds of uses for soybeans, pecans, and sweet potatoes. He changed the South from being a one-crop land of cotton, to giving farmers hundreds of profitable uses for several crops.Alexander Graham Bell – (communication) In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. In 1877, he formed the Bell Telephone Company. Thomas Edison – (electricity) Thomas Edison was an American inventor, scientist and businessman who developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. 7. What event triggered the beginning of the Spanish-American War? The sinking of US navy ship “Maine” off the coast of Cuba triggered the beginning of the Spanish-American War. America blamed Spain.8. How did William McKinley expand America’s role in the world? He was the first American president to enter into a war outside of the United States. 9. What land was acquired by the US as a result of the Spanish-American War? The U.S. gained the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.10. What is the importance of the Panama Canal? It increased trade between countries because ships could transport goods faster due to the shortened route.11. What are the key achievements of Theodore Roosevelt in the late 1800s and early 1900s? 1) Teddy Roosevelt was a war hero during the Spanish-American War and became president after McKinley was assassinated. 2) He started the Panama Canal project. 3) He was a leader in trying to preserve national parks.12. Why did immigrants come to the United States? They were looking for a better life. They came to have freedoms, make money, and to escape war.13. How were Asian and European immigrants different? Asian immigrants faced more prejudice and were often sent back to their homeland.14. What is specialization? Specialization is when a person, company, or city specializes in making or doing one particular thing very well.15. How did specialization in steel production help improve the standard of living in Pittsburg in the late 1800s and early 1900s? Pittsburg became the best in the country at producing steel, so its factories became very successful. This caused many people to movie to Pittsburg to find better jobs and a higher standard of living.16. What factors influenced the location of industry? 1) Transportation-Cities began to have more factories where good transportation systems were available, such as lakes and rivers. 2) Resources-Cities began to grow near the resources needed to make a product. 3) Population-Factories began to grow where large populations of people settled. 17. Why was it important for factories, or industries, to be located near resources? Factories benefited because the resources to use were quickly available. This helped save time and money.18. How did Pittsburg and Chicago become large industrial centers? Factories were built near iron and steel centers. Pittsburg was a center for steel, and Chicago was a center for iron ore. Factories counted on railroads to bring the materials needed, and then ship out the finished product. This led to Pittsburg and Chicago becoming railroad centers as well as industrial centers.19. What has happened to industry in the United States since 1900? Industry expanded to all parts of the U.S. as transportation, population, and resources were available.20. How had the population of the United States changed since 1900? Population has increased in the South and West. ................
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