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[Pages:24]The Future for the Internal Combustion Engine and the Advantages of Octane

DAVE BROOKS

Director, Global Propulsion Systems R&D Laboratories GM Research & Development

KEY DRIVERS OF THE TRANSFORMATION

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

EVOLUTION FROM TRANSPORTATION TO MOBILITY

ELECTRIC

CONNECTED

SHARED

AUTONOMOUS

"The future we've been saying is coming so fast ? is already upon us"

REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS

OUTLOOK FOR GLOBAL FUEL ECONOMY AND GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS PATHWAY TO NET-ZERO CO2 TRANSPORTATION

Source: GM Public Policy

CO2 Emissions on MVEG-B drive cycle (gCO2/km)

More Stringent

GLOBAL FUEL ECONOMY / CO2 OUTLOOK

245

225 U.S.*

205

185 China

165

145 EU

125

Saudi Arabia Mexico

Korea

Brasil

India

Australia

105 85

Industry Targets normalized to EU drive cycle with units converted Dashed lines indicate proposed (not yet final) regulation

65 2010

*Canada standard follows U.S.

2012

2014

Source: GM Energy Center, October 2017

2016

2018

2020

2022

2024

2026

2028

2030

EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS

Downsized Turbo Engines

6, 8, 9, 10, ...X!

Multi-speed Transmissions

Next Generation Fuels

Stop/start + eAssist Light Electrification

Electrification of Propulsion System

HISTORICAL TRENDS IN FUEL & ENGINES

Ref: ORNL-A Historical Analysis of the Co-evolution of Gasoline Octane Number and Spark-Ignition Engines

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