Protein Synthesis - Weebly

[Pages:41]Protein Synthesis

Honors Biology

2006-2007

What do we know?

? Metabolism is controlled by enzymes

enzymes are proteins

? DNA contains the genetic information to build proteins.

? DNA is only in the nucleus. Ribosomes are not.

? How then can DNA be used to build proteins?

Honors Biology

2006-2007

The "Central Dogma"

? Flow of genetic information in a cell

How do we move information from DNA to proteins?

DNA

transcriptRioNn A

translation

protein

trait

replication

Honors Biology

DNA gets all the glory,

but proteins do all the work!

2006-2007

RNA Does the Work

? Traits, like eye color, are determined by proteins that are coded in DNA.

Our cells, however, need a "secret decoder ring" to express the DNA code..........

AND, we need to get the instructions on how to make the protein from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

ENTER: Ribonucleic Acid

(RNA)

Honors Biology

2006-2007

Protein Synthesis

? DNA molecules provide the instructions for making proteins

? BUT, RNA molecules are what build the proteins based on those

instructions.

The workers for Protein Synthesis (gene expression) are RNA molecules.

Honors Biology

2006-2007

Honors Biology

2006-2007

RNA Structure

? RNA structure differs from DNA structure in 3 ways:

1. RNA is single stranded

2. RNA is composed of the sugar

Ribose

3. In RNA, a new base Uracil

replaces Thymine

Honors Biology

2006-2007

RNA Nitrogen Bases

? Both RNA and DNA contain four nitrogen bases, but instead of Thymine, RNA contains Uracil (U)

Uracil forms a base pair with

Adenine, just as Thymine

does in DNA.

? RNA: U - A ? DNA: T - A

Honors Biology

2006-2007

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