“Central Dogma”

"Central Dogma"

DNA

RNA

protein trait

replication



AP Biology

DNA Replication

DNA replication animation with description:

DNA replication

AP Biology



From Gene to Protein

AP Biology

How Genes Work

2013-2014

What do genes code for?

How does DNA code for cells & bodies?

how are cells and bodies made from the instructions in DNA

DNA

AP Biology

proteins

cells

bodies

nucleus DNA

RNA

endoplasmic reticulum

protein on its way! TO: vesicle

TO:

ribosomes protein

Making Proteins

AP Biology

Golgi apparatus

TO:

vesicle

TO:

finished protein

The "Central Dogma"

Flow of genetic information in a cell

How do we move information from DNA to proteins?

DNA

RNA

protein trait

replication

DNA gets all the glory, but proteins do all the work!



AP Biology

dna/a/transcription/index.html

Metabolism taught us about genes

Inheritance of metabolic diseases

suggested that genes coded for enzymes

each disease (phenotype) is caused by

non-functional gene product

lack of an enzyme Tay sachs

Am I just the sum of my proteins?

PKU (phenylketonuria)

albinism

metabolic pathway

disease

disease

disease

disease

A

B

C

D

E

AP Biology enzyme 1

enzyme 2

enzyme 3

enzyme 4

Beadle & Tatum

1941 | 1958

one gene : one enzyme hypothesis

George Beadle

AP Biology

Edward Tatum

"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"



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