Don M. Jansen; Plant Research International ...

COFFEE HANDBOOK

Michiel Kuit; EDE Consulting for Coffee ? Asia-Pacific Don M. Jansen; Plant Research International Nguyen Van Thiet; Tan Lam Agricultural Product Joint Stock Company

Manual for Arabica cultivation

TAN LAM AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT JOINT STOCK COMPANY &

PPP PROJECT "IMPROVEMENT OF COFFEE QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF COFFEE PRODUCTION IN VIETNAM"

Manual for Arabica cultivation

Tan Lam Agricultural Product Joint Stock Company Highway 9, km 19 ? Cam Lo, Quang Tri Talaco@dng.vnn.vn

Foreword

T his manual aims to introduce Good Agricultural Practices to farmers. The purpose is to improve coffee quality and sustainability in Arabica production. It is a compilation of the joint experiences of the PPP project "Improvement of Coffee Quality and Sustainability of Coffee Production in Vietnam", the Tan Lam Agricultural Product Joint Stock Company and the farmers from Huong Hoa district, Quang Tri province that participated in this project. The project team would like to thank the Douwe Egebrts Foundations which provided funding for the project. We would also like to thank all the farmers from Huong Hoa who worked with us and provided us with an insight in their management procedures and gave excellent feedback on the technical contents of the manual. Michiel Kuit, Nguyen Van Thiet & Don Jansen Khe Sanh, 31-12-2004 .

i

Table of Contents

Foreword

i

1 History of Arabica coffee

Discovery

1

Movement of Arabica

2

Development of coffee in Vietnam

5

2 Introduction to Arabica

Growing conditions

7

Classification

7

Structure

8

Flowering

9

Cherries

10

Leaves

11

Root system

12

3 Propagation

Introduction

17

Propagation by seed

18

Harvesting and processing

19

Seedling development

20

Vegetative propagation

25

Top grafting

26

Cutting

28

4 Soil identification and improvement

Soil requirements for coffee

29

Soil identification

29

Plant nutrients

30

Texture and structure of soil

30

Positive and negative charged elements 36

Cation Exchange Capacity

39

Soil organic matter

41

Soil pH and liming

41

5 Land preparation and planting

Considerations

45

Soil preparation

46

Planting

50

6 Windbreaks, shadowtrees and covercrops

Windbreaks

53

Shadow trees

55

Intercropping

62

Intercropping for soil coverage

62

Intercropping with food crops

67

7 Plant nutrition and fertilisation

Importance of fertilising

68

Nutrients and their functions

69

Fertilizers and their nutrient contents

73

Application rates

76

Timing of applications

82

Application methods

83

8 Composting

Composting coffee pulp and husk

86

9 Pruning and stumping

Objectives of pruning

91

Growth shapes

91

Pruning requirements and techniques 94

Stumping

102

10 Pest and disease indentification and prevention

Pest and disease types

106

Coffee Leaf Rust

107

Brown eye spot disease

111

Dieback

112

Black Spot Disease

114

Pests

115

Brown scale

115

Green Scale

116

Coffee Mealy Bug

116

Coffee Stem Borer

118

Pesticide application procedures

120

Spraying equipment

123

Personal safety during handling and

application

124

Pesticides and health

126

11 Harvesting and quality

Introduction

129

Variety

129

Climate

130

Soil

131

Nutrients

131

Harvesting

131

Calculation examples

133

12 Fieldbook

Rationale

136

Approach

136

Results

137

Final notes

141

13 Investment calculation

Approach

142

Calculation example

142

14 Farmers' research

Rationale

148

Question

149

Hypothesis

151

Design

152

Observation

155

Analysis

157

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