Table of Food Composition - Cengage

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CONTENTS Table of Food Composition

H

Table of Food Composition

This edition of the table of food composition includes a wide variety of foods. It is updated with each edition to reflect current nutrient data for foods, to remove outdated foods, and to add foods that are new to the marketplace.* The nutrient database for this appendix is compiled from a variety of sources, including the USDA Standard Release database and manufacturers' data. The USDA database provides data for a wider variety of foods and nutrients than other sources. Because laboratory analysis for each nutrient can be quite costly, manufacturers tend to provide data only for those nutrients mandated on food labels. Consequently, data for their foods are often incomplete; any missing information on this table is designated as a dash. Keep in mind that a dash means only that the information is unknown and should not be interpreted as a zero. A zero means that the nutrient is not present in the food.

Whenever using nutrient data, remember that many factors influence the nutrient contents of foods. These factors include the mineral content of the soil, the diet fed to the animal or the fertilizer used on the plant, the season of harvest, the method of processing, the length and method of storage, the method of cooking, the method of analysis, and the moisture content of the sample analyzed. With so many influencing factors, users should view nutrient data as a close approximation of the actual amount.

For updates, corrections, and a list of more than 8000 foods and codes found in the diet analysis software that accompanies this text, visit nutrition and click on Diet Analysis Plus.

? Fats Total fats, as well as the breakdown of total fats to saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and trans fats, are listed in the table. The fatty acids seldom add up to the total in part due to rounding but also because values are derived from a variety of laboratories.

? Trans Fats Trans fat data has been listed in the table. Because food manufacturers have only been required to report trans fats on food labels since January 2006, much of the data is incomplete. Missing trans fat data is designated with a dash. As additional trans fat data becomes available, the table will be updated.

? Vitamin A and Vitamin E In keeping with the 2001 RDA for vitamin A, this appendix presents data for vitamin A in micrograms (?g) RAE. Similarly, because the 2000 RDA for vitamin E is based only on the alpha-tocopherol form of vitamin E, this appendix reports vitamin E data in milligrams (mg) alpha-tocopherol, listed on the table as Vit E (mg ).

? Bioavailability Keep in mind that the availability of nutrients from foods depends not only on the quantity provided by a food, but also on the amount absorbed and used by the body--the bioavailability. The bioavailability of folate from fortified foods, for example, is greater than from naturally occurring sources. Similarly, the body can make niacin from the amino acid tryptophan, but niacin values in this table (and most databases) report preformed niacin only. Chapter 10 provides conversion factors and additional details.

? Using the Table The foods and beverages in this table are organized into several categories, which are listed at the head of each right-hand page. Page numbers are provided, and each group is color-coded to make it easier to find individual foods.

? Caffeine Sources Caffeine occurs in several plants, including the familiar coffee bean, the tea leaf, and the cocoa bean from which chocolate is made.

*This food composition table has been prepared by Wadsworth Publishing Company. The nutritional data are supplied by Axxya Systems.

Appendix

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TABLE OF FOOD COMPOSITION ? H-1

Most human societies use caffeine regularly, most often in beverages, for its stimulant effect and flavor. Caffeine contents of beverages vary depending on the plants they are made from, the climates and soils where the plants are grown, the grind or cut size, the method and duration of brewing, and the amounts served. The accompanying table shows that, in general, a cup of coffee contains the most caffeine; a cup of tea, less than half as much; and cocoa or chocolate, less still. As for cola beverages, they are made from kola nuts, which contain caffeine, but most of their caffeine is added, using the purified compound obtained from decaffeinated coffee beans. The FDA lists caffeine as a multipurpose GRAS substance that may be added to foods and beverages. Drug manufacturers use caffeine in many products.

Reminder: A GRAS substance is one that is "generally recognized as safe."

TABLE

Caffeine Content of Selected Beverages, Foods, and Medications

Beverages and Foods Serving Size Average (mg)

Beverages and Foods Serving Size Average (mg)

Coffee

Other beverages

Brewed

8 oz

95

Chocolate milk or hot cocoa

8 oz

5

Decaffeinated

8 oz

2

Starbucks Frappuccino Mocha 9.5 oz

72

Instant

8 oz

64

Starbucks Frappuccino Vanilla 9.5 oz

64

Tea

Yoohoo chocolate drink

9 oz

3

Brewed, green

8 oz

30

Candies

Brewed, herbal

8 oz

0

Baker's chocolate

1 oz

26

Brewed, leaf or bag

8 oz

47

Dark chocolate covered coffee beans 1 oz

235

Instant

8 oz

26

Dark chocolate, semisweet

1 oz

18

Lipton Brisk iced tea

12 oz

7

Milk chocolate

1 oz

6

Nestea Cool iced tea

12 oz

12

Milk chocolate covered coffee beans 1 oz

224

Snapple iced tea (all flavors)

16 oz

42

White chocolate

1 oz

0

Soft drinks

Foods

A & W Creme Soda

12 oz

29

Barq's Root Beer

12 oz

18

Coca-Cola

12 oz

30

Dr. Pepper, Mr. Pibb, Sunkist Orange 12 oz

36

A&W Root Beer, club soda,

Fresca, ginger ale, 7-Up, Sierra

Mist, Sprite, Squirt, tonic water,

caffeine-free soft drinks

12 oz

0

Frozen yogurt, Ben & Jerry's

coffee fudge

1 cup

85

Frozen yogurt, H?agen-Dazs

coffee

1 cup

40

Ice cream, Starbucks coffee

1 cup

50

Ice cream, Starbucks

Frappuccino bar

1 bar

15

Yogurt, Dannon coffee flavored 1 cup

45

Mello Yello Mountain Dew Pepsi Energy drinks Amp Aqua Blast Aqua Java E Maxx Java Water KMX

12 oz

51

12 oz

45

12 oz

32

8.4 oz

70

.5 L

90

.5 L

55

8.4 oz

74

.5 L

125

8.4 oz

33

Drugsa

Serving Size

Cold remedies Coryban-D, Dristan

Diuretics Aqua-Ban Pre-Mens Forte

Pain relievers Anacin, BC Fast Pain Reliever Excedrin, Midol, Midol Max Strength

1 tablet

1 tablet 1 tablet

1 tablet 1 tablet

Average (mg)

30 100 100 32 65

Krank

.5 L

100

Stimulants

Red Bull

8.3 oz

67

Awake, NoDoz

1 tablet

100

Red Devil

8.4 oz

42

Sobe Adrenaline Rush

8.3 oz

77

Sobe No Fear

16 oz

141

Water Joe

.5 L

65

Awake Maximum Strength,

Caffedrine, NoDoz Maximum

H

Strength, Stay Awake, Vivarin 1 tablet

200

Weight-control aids

Dexatrim

1 tablet

200

aA pharmacologically active dose of caffiene is defined as 200 milligrams. NOTE: The FDA suggests a maximum of 65 milligrams per 12-ounce cola beverage but does not regulate the caffeine contents of other beverages. Because products change, contact the manufacturer for an update on products you use regularly. Source: Adapted from USDA database Release 18 (), Caffeine content of foods and drugs, Center for Science and the Public Interest (new/cafchart.htm), and R. R. McCusker, B. A. Goldberger, and E. J. Cone, Caffeine content of energy drinks, carbonated sodas, and other beverages, Journal of Analytical Toxicology 30 (2006): 112?114.

Appendix

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H-2 ? APPENDIX H

TABLE H?1 Food Composition

DA + Code

Food Description

(DA+ code is for Wadsworth Diet Analysis program)

(For purposes of calculations, use "0" for t, ................
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