Newton’s Laws of Motion Notes - Biloxi Public School ...



|Term |Definition or Information |Examples/Diagrams |

|Sir Isaac Newton |figured out three basic laws that explain common forces and how |[pic] |

| |they interact to produce motion | |

|First Law |an object will remain at rest or move with a constant speed unless|[pic] |

|(Law of Inertia) |a force is applied | |

|Second Law (Law of |an object acted upon by a force will accelerate in the direction |Force = mass x acceleration |

|Momentum) |of the force |or |

| |The larger the net force, the |F = ma |

| |greater the acceleration. | |

| |An object’s mass and acceleration | |

| |are inversely related: the greater | |

| |the mass, the lower the | |

| |acceleration. | |

|Third Law |---for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction | |

| |The forces on the wall and the ice skater are equal in size and | |

| |opposite in direction. Although there are two objects involved, | |

| |each object exerts one force and experiences one force. The wall | |

| |does not move because it has a lot of inertia. | |

| |When the fuel burns, the engine exerts a downward force on the | |

| |exhaust gases. The gases exert an equal and opposite upward force | |

| |on the rocket. | |

| |When a swimmer pushes against the water (action), the water pushes| |

| |against the swimmer (reaction). The reaction force pushes the | |

| |swimmer forward. | |

| | | |

| | | |

|force |push or pull; usually more than one force is acting on an object |[pic] |

|net force |sum of all the forces acting on the object | |

|balanced forces |forces that are equal in size and opposite in direction |[pic] |

| | | |

| |[pic] | |

| | | |

| | | |

|unbalanced forces |two or more forces acting on an object that do not cancel, and | |

| |cause the object to accelerate | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| |[pic] | |

| | | |

| | | |

|friction |force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are touching |[pic] |

| |each other | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

| | | |

|inertia |natural tendency of an object to resist any changes in motion |[pic] |

| |(depends on mass) | |

| |The greater the mass of an object, the more inertia it has. When | |

| |inertia becomes greater, it becomes more difficult to slow down, | |

| |speed up, or change the direction of a moving object. It is also | |

| |harder to make an object with greater inertia start moving if it | |

| |is at rest. | |

|velocity |the rate of motion (speed/direction) |[pic] |

|terminal velocity |It is reached when the force of gravity is balanced by air |[pic] |

| |resistance. Air resistance depends on size and shape of the | |

| |object. Air resistance is the force air exerts on a moving | |

| |object. This force acts in the opposite direction to that of the | |

| |object’s motion. In the case of a falling object, air resistance | |

| |pushes up as gravity pulls down. | |

|speed |rate of motion or rate of change in position |S = d / t |

| | |or Speed = distance/time |

| | | |

|distance |--how far one object moved away from the starting point |[pic] |

|(displacement) |---direction in straight line (not time) | |

| |**travel time to the store is different than the actual distance |---runner runs 400m around the track and back to the starting |

| |to the store in a straight line (GPS) |point—the displacement is zero |

| | |---people were displaced after Katrina |

| | |---water displacement |

| |distance= speed X time (d = vt) | |

| |[pic] | |

|acceleration |rate of change in velocity |[pic] |

|weight (gravitational |measure of the force of gravity on an object, usually the force |[pic] |

|force) |between Earth and an object at its surface | |

|momentum |--a property a moving object has due to its mass and velocity |momentum=mass x velocity |

| |--momentum of an object doesn’t change unless its mass, or |( p=m ( v ) |

| |velocity, or both, change | |

| |--Momentum can be transferred from one object to another. | |

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download