The Brain Test – Chapter 2



Name ___________________________________________Date _________________________ Period _________The Brain Test Matchinga. Action potentialc. synapsee. neurotransmittersg. resting potential b. axond. myelin sheathf. dendriteh. refractory period_____ a brief period where the neuron is recharging and can not fire_____ fluid-filled space between sending and receiving neurons_____ Chemical messengers manufactured by the neuron_____ the neuron could fire, but is awaiting instructions_____ increases speed of neural communication it is also there for protection_____ a fluid filled tube that carries information to other neurons, glands, and muscles_____ Receives information from other neurons_____ Brief Electrical charge that communicates information within the neuronNeurotransmitters – match the neurotransmitter to its responsibilitya. Endorphinsb. serotoninc. Acetylcholine (ACh)d. dopamine e. Glutamate_____ neurotransmitter that enables muscle action, REM sleep, and memory in addition an undersupply, Alzheimer’s disease_____neurotransmitters that regulate pain perception. Our bodies natural opiates _____ neurotransmitter that is involved in sleep, moods, and emotional states, including depression_____ Reward and Motivation, Motor Control over Voluntary Movements. Too much cause schizophrenia and too little Parkinson’s Disease_____ involved in memory. (It would be nice to have some for this test) Too much can cause migrainesMatching – Neurons and Nervous system________ Your brain is involved in every perception, thought, and emotion, as are its neurons and their neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers thatCarry information primarily in the endocrine systemTravel from the cell body along the axon and create an action potentialAssist neurons by providing physical support, nutrition, and waste removalTravel across the synaptic gap and affect adjoining neurons_______ Mrs. Danvers has multiple sclerosis. She experiences muscle weakness, loss of coordination and speech, and visual disturbances that result from the slowdown or interruption of neural transmission. The cause of these symptoms probably involves the degeneration of the Dendritesb. corpus callosumc. Myelin Sheathd. synaptic vesicles________ Jenny has just finished running a very tough marathon (26.22 miles) but seems to be very happy and elated. One cause of her runner’s high may be abnormally high levels of chemical substances in her brain calledAcetylcholineb. serotoninsc. endorphinsd. dopamine_______ Miguel has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. His psychologist believes that Miguel’s hallucinations and perceptual distortions may, in part, be caused by increased amounts of the neurotransmitter _________Dopamineb. serotoninc. acetylcholined. endorphins________ Young Minnie and Max are twins. Minnie’s sexual development will be regulated by the hormone __________ and progesterone, which are produced by her ovaries, whereas Max’s sexual development will be regulated by the hormone _____, which is produced by his testesEstrogen; insulinc. testosterone; progesteroneTestosterone; hormonesd. estrogen; testosterone______ Messages from other neurons and sensory receptors: are collected by the synaptic vesicles.are relayed by glial cells to the correct node of Ranvier.are received by the dendrites.can close the synaptic gap.________ Reduced brain levels of the neurotransmitter called _____ are involved in the progressive memory loss that characterizes Alzheimer’s disease. Melatoninb. oxytocinc. dopamined. acetylcholine_____The three types of neurons are: excitatory, inhibitory, and myelinatedsensory, motor, and interneuronsaxons, dendrites, and cell bodies somatic, peripheral, and autonomic______ In general, neural messages are received by the _______ and transmitted by the ____________. cell body; ?dendritesc. axons; ?nucleusdendrites; ?axon ?d. spinal cord; ?frontal lobe______When neurotransmitters communicate an inhibitory message to the postsynaptic neuron: reuptake is inhibited. the presynaptic neuron is less likely to activate. the action potential is canceled out. the postsynaptic neuron is less likely to activate.______ Many addictive drugs, including cocaine and nicotine, increase levels of ________ in the brain. Acetylcholineb. dopaminec. melatonin ?d. testosteroneNervous System For the following determine whether the reaction is a parasympathetic or a sympathetic nervous system response. Write the response in the appropriate space____________ Godzilla is crashing towards school, you run faster than you ever have in your life.____________ After the love of your life leaves, you begin thinking clearer than you have in a long time.____________ After the fight, Christina’s breathing slows… and it begins to dawn on her… oh no I am in trouble____________ Stewart throws up before Daytona 500 (car race). He is nervous, but ready to go____________ After the dance competition, Sally is starving. Matching Nervous System_____While watching a suspenseful video late at night, you hear a sudden crash in another room. You leap out of your chair in fear, and then realize that your dog has knocked over the trash again. You fear reaction involved activation of the _____________ of the nervous system. Hypothalamusc. parasympatheticSympatheticd. somatic branch ______ After you realized it was your dog, the calming down reaction involved the _____________ of the nervous system.Hypothalamusc. parasympatheticSympatheticd. somatic branch ______ As Christine was searching for change in her purse, she accidently dropped her keys on the floor. She quickly reached down and retrieved her keys, and put them in her purse. This voluntary reaction involved _______ signals that were communicated to her muscles via the _____________ nervous systemMotor; autonomicc. sensory; autonomicMotor; somaticd. sensory; somatic_______ While Wayne is relaxing on the couch after lunch, his heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and digestion are all functioning without conscious effort on his part. This is because a subdivision of the ________ nervous system called the __________ nervous system regulates these involuntary functions.central; autonomicc. peripheral; autonomiccentral; somaticd. peripheral; somatic_________ The two main subdivisions of the peripheral nervous system are the: left and right hemisphere.somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system.brain and the spinal cord.sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system.Nervous System versus Endocrine SystemFor the following determine whether the situation involves the nervous system or the endocrine system______________ Once you hit puberty you can never go back ______________ Stand up, sit down. This system allows you to respond. _____________ Your metabolism.______________ The fact you are now breathing and do not have to think about it.Matching the glands to their functionsA. PinealC. HypothalamusE. PituitaryG. Thyroid B. Adrenal D. pancreasF. ovariesH. Testes_____________ this is part of brain – it controls the Pituitary and all the rest._____________ Gina has hit puberty. She developed breasts, hips and is ready to reproduce _____________ Brady’s sleep-wake cycle is regulated by this gland. _____________ Lori sugar levels are regulated by this gland. _____________ Erica is hoping to increase her metabolism by eating right and exercising_____________ Mr. C has facial hair and he talks really deep._____________ Alexia is 6 feet and Jessica is 5 feet. _____________ Jason has to continually be on guard… he is ready to respond at a moments notice. Matching the Endocrine System________ Before entering 9th grade, Sammy had to have most of his cloths replaced because he had grown almost 5 inches since the previous spring. This relatively sudden increase was probably the result of his ________ producing growth hormone.Thyroidb. gonadsc. pituitaryd. pinealBrain Lobe MatchingA Frontal lobeb. temporal lobec. parietal lobed. occipital lobe_____ part of the brain that deals with the senses _____ part of the brain that is responsible for vision_____ part of the brain that receives information about hearing / auditory _____ Involved in decision making and judgmentMultiple choice – Part of the Brain and left over questions ________ Always a daredevil, Miguel dived off the cliff into the river below. Unfortunately, he landed on his head and in now paralyzed from the shoulders down. Fortunately, though, all his mental functions are intact, and he is attempting to complete his college degree. His present inability to move the lower part of his body is a result of permanent damage to his ________.Brainb. brain stemc. frontal lobed. spinal cord_______ Allison accidentally touched a hot stove top and immediately withdrew her hand before becoming consciously aware of the sensation or movement. She was able to do this because of herSomatic nervous systemc. spinal reflexesBrain reactiond. central nervous system______ Fraser slipped on ice and hit the back of his head on the sidewalk, and now his vision is seriously affected. Which area of the brain is most likely affected?Amygdalab. cerebellumc. occipital lobed. parietal lobe________ Paul’s grandmother is unable to store new memories of what happened during her day. She probably has something wrong with herHippocampusb. amygdalac. hypothalamusd. medulla______ Collin was so busy studying for this psychology test that he did not notice how hungry and thirsty he was until his stomach started growling. The brain structure responsible for regulating behavior related to survival, such as hunger and thirst, is called the _________ and is a part of the _________ system.Hypothalamus; nervous c. hippocampus; endocrine Hypothalamus; limbicd. amygdala; limbic________Walking down the hall at school, someone accidentally bumps into to you. The part of your brain that registers sensation of touch is the Temporal lobeb. frontal lobec. occipital lobed. parietal lobe________ When doctors removed a tumor from Andrew’s occipital lobe, they also had to remove healthy brain tissue from the same area. When he recovers, Andrew is most likely to suffer some loss ofLanguage comprehensionc. muscular coordinationVisual perceptiond. taste perception________Jean is in charge of planning and coordinating a local charity drive. Which part of Jean’s brain will help her the most in planning the drive?Temporal lobeb. frontal lobec. occipital lobed. parietal lobe________ Nancy suffers from severe epilepsy that so has not responded to any treatment. As a final resort, her doctor operates on her brain and surgically cuts the part portion of the brain that connects the two hemispheresAmygdalab. hippocampusc. corpus callosumd. adrenal cortex________ When someone is drunk, he is unable to walk a straight line because the __________ is affected.Cerebellumb. medullac. brain stemd. Broca’s area________ In general, when teenagers respond emotionally they primarily use the ________ in their response, when adults respond emotionally they primarily use the ___________ in their responseAmygdala; medullac. amygdala; frontal lobeFrontal lobe; amygdalad. frontal lobe; occipital lobe_______Jenny is often confused because the messages from her sensory neurons aren’t being distributed throughout the brain properly. She most likely has a problem with her _____:Hypothalamusb. hippocampusc. amygdaled. thalamus________The _____ functions as the main link between the nervous system and the endocrine system. adrenal medullab. adrenal cortexc. amygdalad. hypothalamus_______Which of the following techniques produces an image of the brain's activity by tracking the brain's use of glucose, oxygen, or a drug? positron emission tomography (PET)c. lesionsmagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) d. electroencephalograph (EEG)______ From studies with primates and humans, researchers now have evidence that the brain structure called the _____ continues to develop new neurons throughout life. corpus callosumb. amygdalac. adrenal medullad. hippocampus_______Structural plasticity: is a brain disorder that results from abnormally low levels of the neurotransmitter called dopamine.occurs when neurotransmitters in the synaptic gap are blocked from being reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron.refers to a phenomenon in which brain structures change in response to environmental influences.refers to the ability of interneurons to alter their basic structure and function as either sensory or motor neurons.______ The brainstem is made up of several structures, which include the: thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala.medulla, pons, cerebellum, reticular formation, and midbrain, including the substantia nigra.temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and frontal lobe.forebrain, corpus callosum, cerebral cortex, and substantia nigra.______ The famous case of Phineas Gage provided solid evidence for phrenology's claims, and helped Franz Gall win the Nobel prize for his discoveries about cortical localization.illustrates the importance of the frontal lobes in thinking, planning, and social and emotional behavior.illustrates the difference between left and right cerebral hemisphere functions. helped provide evidence for the usefulness of the split-brain surgery in treating severe epilepsy.______ Which of the following is part of the limbic system and is involved in emotional responses and memories with a strong emotional component? the amygdalab. the thalamusc. the hypothalamus d. the medulla______Modern neuroscience research has shown that learning a new motor skill, such as juggling, and living in an enriched environment: can make people more right-hemisphere dominant, and thus more creative.can help shift functions from damaged to undamaged brain regions, a phenomenon called localized plasticity.will reliably increase average levels of GABA and acetylcholine.can affect brain structures, a phenomenon called structural plasticity.______ Compared with young rats that have been raised in an “impoverished” environment, young rats that have been raised in an “enriched” environment have:more synaptic connections in the cerebral cortex.a much stronger tendency to favor their left paws.an enlarged medulla and reticular formation.about half as many glial cells but almost double the number of neurons in their brain.Fill in the blank Label each of the following lobes and parts of the brain: Temporal, Occipital, Frontal, ParietalThis cross-sectional drawing of the human brain depicts four structures that are key components of the limbic system. Name the structure and placement of the following roles (worth 2points each)Amygdala Hippocampus ThalamusHypothalamus__C__ Which brain structure plays a critical role in forming new memories? ___________________________ Which brain structure plays a critical role in integrating sensory information except for smell? ____________________________Which brain structure plays a critical role in regulating the glands within the body? ____________________________Which brain structure plays a critical role in emotional responses such as fear and rage? _____________________ ................
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