AP BIOLOGY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS: DNA and …
AP? BIOLOGY FREE-RESPONSE QUESTIONS: DNA and Protein Synthesis ANSWERS
1.
The
flow
of
genetic
information
from
DNA
to
protein
in
eukaryotic
cells
is
called
the
central
dogma
of
biology.
2.
The
unit
of
genetic
organization
in
all
living
organisms
is
the
chromosome.
a.
Describe
the
structure
and
function
of
the
parts
of
a
eukaryotic
chromosome.
You
may
wish
to
include
a
diagram
as
part
of
your
description.
b.
Describe
the
adaptive
(evolutionary)
significance
of
organizing
genes
into
chromosomes.
c.
How
does
the
function
and
structure
of
the
chromosome
differ
in
prokaryotes
3.
Scientists
seeking
to
determine
which
molecule
is
responsible
for
the
transmission
of
characteristics
from
one
generation
to
the
next
knew
that
the
molecules
must
(1)
copy
itself
precisely
(2)
be
stable
but
able
to
be
changed
and
(3)
be
complex
enough
to
determine
the
organism's
phenotype.
a. Explain
how
DNA
meets
each
of
the
three
criteria
stated
above.
b. Select
one
of
the
criteria
stated
above
and
describe
experimental
evidence
used
to
determine
that
DNA
is
the
hereditary
material.
4.
A
molecule
of
messenger
RNA
(mRNA)
has
just
been
synthesized
in
the
nucleus
of
a
human
cell.
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