THE STATE OF WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

2018

2018

2018

THE STATE OF

WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

MEETING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

This flagship publication is part of THE STATE OF THE WORLD series of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

Recommended citation: FAO. 2018. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018 - Meeting the sustainable development goals. Rome. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.

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COVER PHOTOGRAPH ?FAO/Sia Kambou

ABIDJAN, C?TE D'IVOIRE. Offloading tunas

ISSN 1020-5489

2018

THE STATE OF

WORLD FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE

MEETING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, 2018

CONTENTS

FOREWORD

vi

METHODOLOGY

viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ix

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

xi

PART 1

WORLD REVIEW

2

Overview

2

Capture fisheries production

7

Aquaculture production

17

Fishers and fish farmers

30

The fishing fleet

35

The status of fishery resources

39

Fish utilization and processing

47

Fish trade and commodities

52

Fish consumption

69

Governance and policy

75

PART 2

FAO FISHERIES

AND AQUACULTURE

IN ACTION

86

Fisheries and the Sustainable Development Goals:

meeting the 2030 Agenda

86

FAO's approach to improving the quality and

utility of capture fishery data

92

Combating illegal, unreported and unregulated

fishing: global developments

98

Biodiversity, fisheries and aquaculture

102

Global inland fisheries revisited: their contribution

to achievement of the SDGs

108

Fish for food security and human nutrition

113

Implementing the ecosystem approach to

fisheries and aquaculture ? achievements

and challenges

120

PART 3

HIGHLIGHTS OF

ONGOING STUDIES

130

Climate change impacts and responses

130

Small-scale fisheries and aquaculture

138

Realizing aquaculture's potential

144

International trade, sustainable value chains

and consumer protection

149

Selected ocean pollution concerns

154

Social issues

157

PART 4

OUTLOOK AND

EMERGING ISSUES

166

Blue growth in action

166

The emerging role of regional cooperation

for sustainable development

172

The role of regional fishery bodies in aquaculture

development

176

Disruptive technologies

178

Projections of fisheries, aquaculture and markets 182

REFERENCES

194

| ii |

TABLES, FIGURES AND BOXES

TABLES

1. World fisheries and aquaculture

production and utilization

4

2. Marine capture production:

major producer countries

9

3. Marine capture production:

major species and genera

10

4. Capture production: FAO

major fishing areas

13

5. Inland waters capture

production: major producer

countries

16

6. Aquaculture production of main

groups of food fish species by

continent, 2016

20

7. Major species produced

in world aquaculture

23

8. World aquaculture production

of aquatic plants

25

9. Major farmed seaweed

producers

25

10. Aquaculture food fish

production by region and selected

major producers

27

11. World employment for fishers

and fish farmers by region

31

12. Number of fishers and fish

farmers in selected countries and

territories and worldwide

32

13. Reporting of sex-disaggregated employment (women, men and unspecified) in fisheries and aquaculture, by region, 2016 33

14. Sex-disaggregated engagement in the primary sector of fisheries and aquaculture in selected countries 34

15. Reported number of motorized and non-motorized vessels by LOA class in fishing fleets from selected countries and territories, 2016 38

16. Top ten exporters and importers

of fish and fish products

55

17. Share of main groups of

species in world trade of fish and

fish products, 2016

64

18. Total and per capita apparent

fish consumption by region and

economic grouping, 2015

72

19. SDG 14 indicators for which

FAO is custodian or contributing

agency

89

20. Percentage of countries

adopting EAF or similar ecosystem

approaches, by region

125

21. Examples of adaptation

options for fisheries and

aquaculture

135

22. Projected fish production,

2030

185

23. Projected fish trade,

2030

190

24. Scenarios for production,

trade and apparent consumption

depending on implementation

of China's Thirteenth Five-

Year Plan

192

FIGURES

1. World capture fisheries and

aquaculture production

3

2. World fish utilization and

apparent consumption

3

3. Catch trends of valuable

species groups

11

4. Trends in three main categories

of fishing areas

14

5. World aquaculture production

of food fish and aquatic plants,

1990?2016

17

6. Average annual growth rate of aquaculture production by volume (excluding aquatic plants) 18

7. Aquaculture contribution to total

fish production (excluding

aquatic plants)

19

8. Fed and non-fed food fish

aquaculture production,

2001?2016

22

9. Aquaculture production of major

producing regions and major

producers of main species

groups, 2001?2016

28

10. Distribution of motorized

and non-motorized fishing vessels

by region, 2016

35

11. Proportion of fishing vessels

with and without engine,

by region, 2016

36

12. Distribution of motorized fishing vessels by region, 2016 36

13. Size distribution of motorized fishing vessels by region, 2016 37

14. Global trends in the state

of the world's marine fish stocks,

1974?2015

40

15. Percentages of stocks fished

at biologically sustainable and

unsustainable levels by FAO

statistical area, 2015

41

16. The three temporal patterns in fish landings, 1950?2015 42

| iii |

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