AUSTRALIAN PRODUCT INFORMATION TARGIN MODIFIED …

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AUSTRALIAN PRODUCT INFORMATION ? TARGIN? MODIFIED RELEASE TABLETS

1 NAME OF THE MEDICINE

Oxycodone hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride.

2 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION

TARGIN 2.5/1.25 modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 2.5 mg/naloxone hydrochloride 1.25 mg;

TARGIN 5/2.5 modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 5 mg/naloxone hydrochloride 2.5 mg;

TARGIN 10/5 modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 10 mg/naloxone hydrochloride 5 mg;

TARGIN 15/7.5 modified release tablets modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 15 mg/naloxone hydrochloride 7.5 mg;

TARGIN 20/10 modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 20 mg/naloxone hydrochloride 10 mg;

TARGIN 30/15 modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 30 mg/naloxone hydrochloride 15 mg;

TARGIN 40/20 modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 40 mg/ naloxone hydrochloride 20 mg;

TARGIN 60/30 modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 60 mg/ naloxone hydrochloride 30 mg;

TARGIN 80/40 modified release tablets contains oxycodone hydrochloride 80 mg/ naloxone hydrochloride 40 mg.

The inactive ingredients in the TARGIN modified release tablet core are ethylcellulose, stearyl alcohol, purified talc and magnesium stearate. TARGIN modified release tablets 2.5/1.25 mg, 5/2.5 mg and 15/7.5 mg also contain hyprolose. TARGIN modified release tablets 10/5 mg, 20/10 mg, 30/15 mg, 40/20 mg, 60/30 mg and 80/40 mg also contain povidone. The tablets are coated with polyvinyl alcohol, titanium dioxide, macrogol 3350 and purified talc.

The tablet coat also contains brilliant blue FCF (5/2.5 mg), iron oxide red (2.5/1.25 mg, 15/7.5 mg, 20/10 mg, 30/15 mg, 60/30 mg), iron oxide yellow (2.5/1.25 mg, 15/7.5 mg, 30/15 mg, 40/20 mg, 80/40mg) and iron oxide black (15/7.5 mg, 30/15 mg, 60/30 mg, 80/40 mg).

Excipients of known effect: lactose monohydrate

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3 PHARMACEUTICAL FORM

TARGIN modified release tablets are available* as round or capsule shaped, unscored filmcoated modified release tablets in blister pack sizes of 20, 28 and 60 modified release tablets as follows:

2.5/1.25 mg round, light yellow tablets with no markings;

5/2.5 mg capsule shaped, blue tablets, marked "OXN" on one side and "5" on the other;

10/5 mg capsule shaped, white tablets, marked "OXN" on one side and "10" on the other;

15/7.5 mg capsule shaped, grey tablets, marked "OXN" on one side and "15" on the other;

20/10 mg capsule shaped, pink tablets, marked "OXN" on one side and "20" on the other;

30/15 mg capsule shaped, brown tablets, marked "OXN" on one side and "30" on the other;

40/20 mg capsule shaped, yellow tablets, marked "OXN" on one side and "40" on the other;

60/30 mg capsule shaped, red tablets, marked with "OXN" on one side and "60" on the other;

80/40 mg capsule shaped, brown tablets, marked with "OXN" on one side and "80" on the other.

*Not all strengths and pack sizes are currently marketed in Australia

4 CLINICAL PARTICULARS

4.1 THERAPEUTIC INDICATIONS The management of moderate to severe chronic pain unresponsive to non-narcotic analgesia. The naloxone component in a fixed combination with oxycodone is indicated for the therapy and/or prophylaxis of opioid-induced constipation.

Second line symptomatic treatment of patients with severe to very severe idiopathic restless legs syndrome after failure of dopaminergic therapy.

4.2 DOSE AND METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION TARGIN modified release tablets are to be swallowed whole and are not to be broken, chewed or crushed. Taking broken, chewed or crushed tablets could lead to the rapid release and absorption of a potentially toxic dose of oxycodone that could be fatal.

TARGIN modified release tablets 60/30 mg and 80/40 mg, should only be used in opioid-tolerant patients. In patients not previously exposed to opioids (opioid na?ve), these tablet strengths may cause fatal respiratory depression.

Analgesia Adults, elderly and children from 12 years of age:

Prior to initiation and titration of doses, refer to the SPECIAL WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR USE section for information on Special Risk Groups. The usual starting dose for opioid-na?ve patients or patients presenting with moderate to severe chronic pain uncontrolled by weaker

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opioids is 10/5 mg 12-hourly. Two lower strengths (2.5/1.25 mg and 5/2.5 mg) are available to facilitate dose titration when initiating opioid therapy, and individual dose adjustment. One TARGIN modified release tablet 5/2.5 mg taken 12-hourly, or one TARGIN modified release tablet 2.5/1.25 mg taken 12-hourly are suitable for patients with mild hepatic impairment or for patients with renal impairment. The dose should then be cautiously titrated, as frequently as every 1-2 days if necessary, to achieve pain relief.

Patients already being treated with opioids may be started on higher doses of TARGIN tablets, depending upon their previous opioid exposure.

Patients transferring from other opioid formulations:

Patients receiving other oral oxycodone formulations may be transferred to TARGIN tablets at the same total daily dosage, equally divided into two 12-hourly TARGIN tablets doses.

For patients who are receiving an alternative opioid, the "oral oxycodone equivalent" of the analgesic presently being used should be determined. Having determined the total daily dosage of the present analgesic, the following equivalence table can be used to calculate the approximate daily oral oxycodone dosage that should provide equivalent analgesia. The total daily oral oxycodone dosage should then be equally divided into two 12-hourly TARGIN tablet doses.

Multiplication Factors for Converting the Daily Dose of Prior Opioids to the Daily Dose of Oral Oxycodone*

(mg/Day Prior Opioid x Factor = mg/Day Oral Oxycodone)

TABLE 1

Oxycodone Codeine Fentanyl TTS Hydromorphone Pethidine Methadone Morphine

Oral Prior Opioid 1 0.15 SEE BELOW** 4 0.1 1.5 0.5

Parenteral Opioid --SEE BELOW** 20 0.4 3 3

*

For patients receiving high-dose parenteral opioids, a more conservative conversion is

warranted. For example, for high-dose parenteral morphine, use 1.5 instead of 3 as a

multiplication factor.

** Conversion from transdermal fentanyl to TARGIN tablets: 18 hours following the removal of the transdermal fentanyl patch, TARGIN tablets treatment can be initiated. Although there has been no systematic assessment of such conversion, a conservative oxycodone dose, approximately 10 mg 12-hourly of TARGIN tablets, should be initially substituted for each 25 ?g/hr fentanyl transdermal patch. The patient should be followed closely.

It is emphasised that this is a guide to the required dose of TARGIN modified release tablets only. Inter-patient variability requires that each patient is carefully titrated to the appropriate dose. The correct dosage for any individual patient is the minimum dose that controls the pain, provides

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functional improvement and is well tolerated, for a full 12 hours. Patients should be titrated to pain relief and functional improvement unless unmanageable adverse drug reactions prevent this.

Some patients taking TARGIN tablets may require "rescue" medication for breakthrough pain. TARGIN tablets are a prolonged release formulation and are not intended to treat breakthrough pain. Should breakthrough pain treatment be necessary, it is generally recommended that a single dose of rescue medication should be approximately 1/6 to 1/12 of the equivalent daily dose of oxycodone hydrochloride. The need for more than two doses of "rescue" medication per day is usually an indication for the patient to be re-assessed and, if appropriate, the dosage of TARGIN tablets increased.

The maximum recommended daily dose of TARGIN tablets is 160/80 mg (12-hourly TARGIN tablets 80/40 mg). Patients requiring higher dosages should be administered supplemental, single entity controlled release oxycodone at the same time intervals. In the case of supplemental oxycodone dosing, the beneficial effect of naloxone on bowel function may be impaired. After complete discontinuation of TARGIN modified release tablets and a subsequent switch to another opioid, a worsening of bowel function can be expected.

Non-Cancer Pain:

Daily doses of up to 40/20 mg TARGIN tablets are usually sufficient for the treatment of moderate to severe, chronic non-cancer pain, but higher doses may be required. TARGIN tablets should not be prescribed and taken by the patient for longer than absolutely necessary. If long-term treatment is anticipated given the nature and severity of the illness, careful and regular assessment and monitoring is required to establish the clinical need for ongoing treatment with an opioid therapy.

Missed dose:

If the patient forgets to take a scheduled dose of TARGIN tablets, they should be instructed not to take their next dose unless it is more than 8 hours before their next regularly scheduled dose. If so, they should be instructed to take the missed dose and return to their original dosing schedule, every 12 hours. Patients should be advised not to take extra tablets or a double dose to make up for a missed dose.

Restless legs syndrome

TARGIN tablets are indicated for patients suffering from RLS for at least 6 months. RLS symptoms should be severe and present daily and during daytime ( 4 days/week). TARGIN tablets should be used after failure of previous dopaminergic treatment. Dopaminergic treatment failure is defined as inadequate initial response, a response that has become inadequate with time, occurrence of augmentation or unacceptable tolerability despite adequate doses. Previous treatment with at least one dopaminergic medicinal product should have lasted in general 4 weeks. A shorter period might be acceptable in case of unacceptable tolerability with dopaminergic therapy. There is no clinical experience in administration of TARGIN modified release tablets with dopaminergic medication for the treatment of RLS. The combination was not assessed in the clinical trial OXN3502 in RLS patients.

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Treatment should be under the supervision of a clinician with experience in the management of RLS.

At least every three months during therapy patients should be clinically evaluated and treatment should only be continued if TARGIN tablets are considered effective and the benefit is considered to outweigh adverse effects and potential harms in individual patients.

Prior to continuation of RLS treatment beyond 1 year a discharge regimen by gradually reducing the dose over a period of approximately one week should be considered to establish if continued treatment with TARGIN tablets is indicated.

When opioid treatment is no longer needed, the dose should be gradually reduced over a period of approximately one week, as recommended to minimise symptoms of withdrawal. (see SPECIAL WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR USE section).

Adults and elderly:

The usual starting dose for an opioid na?ve patient is 5mg/2.5mg of oxycodone hydrochloride/naloxone hydrochloride 12 hourly. Titration on a weekly basis is recommended in case higher doses are required.

Analgesia / Restless legs syndrome

Moderate to severe pain in the majority of patients is well managed by the symmetric administration (identical morning and evening doses) of TARGIN modified release tablets at the established, stable, 12-hourly fixed dosage schedule. However, some patients may benefit from an asymmetric dosing schedule (higher dose in the morning or evening) tailored to their analgesic needs, depending on the nature of their variable, diurnal pain severity. In these patients, the lowest total daily analgesic dose that provides adequate pain relief should always still be prescribed

Use in children:

Not recommended for use in children below 12 years of age.

Patients with impaired hepatic function:

Caution must be exercised when administering TARGIN tablets to patients with mild hepatic and renal impairment (see SPECIAL WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR USE section for use in renal and hepatic impairment).

In patients with moderate and severe hepatic impairment TARGIN tablets is contraindicated (see CONTRAINDICATIONS section).

4.3 CONTRAINDICATIONS

Hypersensitivity to opioids, naloxone and any of the excipients or any situation where opioids are contraindicated; moderate to severe hepatic impairment; severe respiratory depression with hypoxia; elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood; cor pulmonale; cardiac arrhythmias; uncontrolled bronchial asthma; severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; non-opioid induced paralytic ileus; pregnancy; lactation; severe CNS depression; increased cerebrospinal or intracranial pressure; brain tumour or head injury (due to the risk of increased intracranial

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pressure); uncontrolled convulsive disorders; suspected surgical abdomen; delayed gastric emptying; alcoholism; delirium tremens; concurrent administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and for 2 weeks after their cessation. History of opioid abuse for restless legs syndrome (RLS).

4.4 SPECIAL WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR USE

Opioids may influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal or gonadal axes. Among the changes observed are an increase in serum prolactin and a decrease in levels of cortisol and testosterone. Clinical symptoms may accompany these hormonal changes.

TARGIN modified release tablets should be used with caution in patients taking CNS depressants.

Respiratory depression

Respiratory depression is the most important hazard of opioid preparations but occurs most frequently in overdose situations, in the elderly, in the debilitated, and in those suffering from conditions accompanied by hypoxia when even moderate doses may dangerously decrease respiration. TARGIN modified release tablets should be used with extreme caution in patients with sleep apnoea, patients with a substantially decreased respiratory reserve or pre-existing respiratory depression and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Severe pain antagonises the respiratory depressant effects of opioids. However, should pain suddenly subside, these effects may rapidly become manifest.

Long-term opioid treatment

In patients undergoing long-term opioid treatment, the switch to TARGIN modified release tablets can initially provoke withdrawal symptoms or diarrhoea. These patients require specific attention.

Restless Legs Syndrome

Sleep apnoea is more common in patients with restless legs syndrome and caution is advised in treating such patients with TARGIN tablets due to the additive risk of respiratory depression.

There is no clinical experience with TARGIN tablets in the long-term treatment of RLS beyond 1 year (see section DOSE AND METHOD OF ADMINISTRATION).

There is no clinical experience of concomitant dopaminergic agents with TARGIN modified release tablets in the management of RLS. Additive or synergistic adverse CNS effects such as nausea, dizziness and confusion may occur and the combination was not tested in the clinical trial OXN3502 in RLS patients.

The combination of TARGIN tablets with dopaminergic agents for the management of RLS is not recommended.

Withdrawal symptoms

TARGIN modified release tablets are not suitable for the treatment of symptoms of opioid withdrawal.

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Use in chronic, non-malignant pain

Owing to the varied response observed to opioids between individuals, it is recommended that all patients be started at the lowest appropriate dose of opioid therapy and be titrated to an adequate level of analgesia, balanced against an acceptable frequency of adverse reactions.

The use of TARGIN modified release tablets for the treatment of chronic pain which is not due to malignancy should be restricted to situations where:

? all other conservative non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods of analgesia have been tried and have failed or are insufficient

? the pain is having a significant impact on the patient's quality of life ? there is no psychological contraindication, drug-seeking behaviour or past and current

personal or family history of alcohol, prescription/illicit drug abuse or misuse.

Opioids, where clinically indicated, should only be prescribed as one component of a comprehensive multimodal management approach to chronic, non-malignant pain. Appropriate patient selection is the key to successful treatment of moderate to severe chronic pain with opioid analgesics.

An initial comprehensive assessment should be conducted using a biopsychosocial approach to identify a cause for the pain and the appropriateness of opioid therapy - and to identify psychosocial factors that may exacerbate pain or magnify overall distress (e.g. depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), borderline personality disorder, marked family stressors, history of sexual abuse). In the absence of a clear indication for a strong opioid analgesic, drug-seeking behaviour must be suspected and resisted, particularly in individuals with a history of, or propensity for, drug abuse. Factors that may put the patient at increased risk of opioid abuse/addiction include a personal/family history of substance, prescription medication and alcohol abuse, and major psychosocial issues (e.g. psychological/psychiatric disorders). The use of opioids to treat predominant emotional distress should be avoided.

Generally, opioid analgesics are not initiated prior to a full initial clinical assessment and before consideration of other treatment options such as physiotherapy/exercise/rehabilitation approaches, psychosocial interventions such as CBT (cognitive-behavioural therapy) selfmanagement approaches, and involvement of a psychologist or psychiatrist to address psychological co-morbidities which may be impacting on pain coping, and trials of other nonopioid pharmacotherapeutic or interventional strategies.

Prior to long-term prescription, a trial of TARGIN modified release tablets or shorter acting opioid should be undertaken. Long-term administration of TARGIN modified release tablets should only occur if this trial demonstrates that the pain is opioid sensitive. Opioid-na?ve patients who require rapid dose escalation with no concomitant pain relief within the trial period should generally be considered inappropriate for long-term therapy.

One doctor only should be responsible for the prescription and monitoring of the patient's opioid use. Prescribers should consult appropriate clinical guidelines on the use of opioid analgesics in such patients (e.g. those published by the Australian Pain Society in the Medical Journal of Australia 1997;167:30-4).

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Drug dependence

As with other opioids, tolerance and physical dependence tend to develop upon repeated administration of oxycodone. There is potential for abuse of the drug and for development of strong psychological dependence. TARGIN modified release tablets should therefore be prescribed and handled with a high degree of caution appropriate to the use of a drug with strong abuse potential. Like other opioids, TARGIN modified release tablets can be diverted for nonmedical use, into illicit channels of distribution.

Withdrawal symptoms may occur following abrupt discontinuation of all oxycodone therapy including TARGIN modified release tablets. Therefore, patients on prolonged therapy should be withdrawn gradually from the drug if it is no longer required for pain control.

Oxycodone should be used with caution and under close supervision in patients with pain not due to malignancy who have a prior history of prescription medicine, alcohol or other substance abuse. However, in such cases, prior psychological assessment is essential and the prescribing doctor should consider whether the benefit of treatment outweighs the risk of abuse.

If abused parenterally or intranasally by individuals dependent on opioid agonists, such as heroin, morphine or methadone, TARGIN modified release tablets are expected to produce marked withdrawal symptoms due to the opioid receptor antagonist characteristics of naloxone, or to intensify already present withdrawal symptoms. Abuse by those drug addicts is strongly discouraged. Parenteral injection of the tablet constituents, especially talc, can be expected to result in local tissue necrosis, pulmonary granulomas and serious adverse reactions which may be fatal.

Clinical abuse potential studies

1. Study in Opioid-Dependent Subjects

The likeability of TARGIN modified release tablets chewed or intact was compared with oxycodone solution and placebo in a randomised, double-blind, placebo and positive-controlled study in 29 opioid-dependent, methadone-maintained subjects. TARGIN, either chewed or intact, was associated with statistically significant lower maximum "Drug Liking" scores (p < 0.001) and statistically significant lower scores for "Take Drug Again" (p < 0.001), compared to oxycodone solution, and was associated with similar mean and median maximum scores for "Drug Liking" and "Take Drug Again", compared to placebo treatment. This indicates that TARGIN modified release tablets are expected to result in less potential for abuse by all routes of administration in opioid-dependent subjects compared with immediate release oxycodone.

2. Studies in non-dependent opioid abusers

Additional studies via the intranasal (IN) and intravenous (IV) routes indicate that TARGIN modified release is expected to reduce abuse via the IN and IV routes of administration. TARGIN modified release, administered via the IN and IV routes was statistically significantly less preferred over oxycodone HCl powder. No reduction in abuse potential was noted following chewed oral administration in this patient group.

Despite the abuse deterrent properties demonstrated in these studies, abuse and diversion by these and other routes are still possible. As with other opioids, patients should be carefully

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