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Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations

ISBN 978-0-309-18523-3

174 pages 6 x 9 PAPERBACK (2011)

Margaret A. Honey and Margaret Hilton, Editors; Committee on Science Learning: Computer Games, Simulations, and Education; National Research Council

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Copyright ? National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations

Learning Science

Through Computer Games and Simulations

Committee on Science Learning: Computer Games, Simulations, and Education Margaret A. Honey and Margaret L. Hilton, Editors

Board on Science Education Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

Copyright ? National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Contract No. DRL-0836206 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation and Contract No. 20082457 between the National Academy of Sciences and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Learning science : computer games, simulations, and education / Committee on

Science Learning ; Margaret A. Honey and Margaret Hilton, editors.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-309-18523-3 (hardcover : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-0-309-18524-0

(pdf : alk. paper) 1. Science--Study and teaching (Elementary) 2. Science--Study

and teaching (Secondary) I. Honey, Margaret. II. Hilton, Margaret. III. National

Research Council. Committee on Science Learning.

LB1585.L357 2011

372.35044--dc22

2011004594

Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet,

Copyright 2011 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2011). Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations. Committee on Science Learning: Computer Games, Simulations, and Education, Margaret A. Honey and Margaret L. Hilton, Eds. Board on Science Education, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

Copyright ? National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engi neers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

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The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.

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Copyright ? National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations Copyright ? National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations

COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE LEARNING: COMPUTER GAMES, SIMULATIONS, AND EDUCATION

MARGARET A. HONEY (Chair), New York Hall of Science, Queens WILLIAM B. BONVILLIAN, Washington, DC, Office, Massachusetts

Institute of Technology JANIS CANNON-BOWERS, Institute for Simulation and Training,

University of Central Florida ERIC KLOPFER, Department of Urban Studies and Planning,

Massachusetts Institute of Technology JAMES W. PELLEGRINO, Learning Sciences Research Institute, University

of Illinois, Chicago RAY PEREZ, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia NICHOLE PINKARD, College of Computing and Digital Media, DePaul

University DANIEL SCHWARTZ, School of Education, Stanford University CONSTANCE STEINKUEHLER, School of Education, University of

Wisconsin, Madison CARL E. WIEMAN, Carl Wieman Science Education Initiative, University

of British Columbia (until March 2010) MARTIN STORKSDIECK, Study Director (since June 2010) j. Reid Schwebach, Study Director (until May 2010) MARGARET L. HILTON, Senior Program Officer REBECCA KRONE, Program Associate PATRICIA HARVEY, Senior Program Assistant (until July 2009) Wunika Mukan, Program Assistant (until December 2009)

Copyright ? National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations

BOARD ON SCIENCE EDUCATION 2009

HELEN R. QUINN (Chair), Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University

PHILIP BELL, Learning Sciences, University of Washington WILLIAM B. BONVILLIAN, Washington, DC, Office, Massachusetts

Institute of Technology ADAM GAMORAN, Center for Education Research, University of

Wisconsin, Madison Jerry P. Gollub, Natural Sciences and Physics Departments, Haverford

College MARGARET A. HONEY, New York Hall of Science, Queens JANET HUSTLER, Partnership for Student Success in Science (PS3),

Synopsys, Inc., Mountain View, California FRANK KEIL, Morse College, Yale University BRETT D. MOULDING, Utah Partnership for Effective Science Teaching

and Learning, Ogden CARLO PARRAVANO, Merck Institute for Science Education, Rahway,

New Jersey SUSAN R. SINGER, Department of Biology, Carleton College JAMES P. SPILLANE, Department of Education and Social Policy,

Northwestern University CARL E. WIEMAN, Carl Wieman Science Education Initiative, University

of British Columbia WILLIAM B. WOOD, Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology,

University of Colorado, Boulder

MARTIN STORKSDIECK, Director HEIDI A. SCHWEINGRUBER, Deputy Director MICHAEL A. FEDER, Senior Program Officer MARGARET L. HILTON, Senior Program Officer THOMAS E. KELLER, Senior Program Officer NATALIE NIELSEN, Senior Program Officer J. REID SCHWEBACH, Program Officer (until May 2010) REBECCA KRONE, Program Associate KELLY DUNCAN, Senior Program Assistant PATRICIA HARVEY, Senior Program Assistant (until July 2009) Wunika Mukan, Program Assistant (until December 2009)

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Learning Science Through Computer Games and Simulations

Acknowledgments

The committee and staff thank the many individuals and organizations who assisted us in our work and without whom this study could not have been completed. First, we acknowledge the generous support of the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation. We are particularly grateful to Marshall (Mike) S. Smith, former program director for education at the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation, who identified the need for such a study and made the initial request. We also thank John C. Cherniavsky, senior advisor for research in the NSF Division of Research on Learning in Formal and Informal Settings, for his support of the study.

Individually and collectively, committee members benefited from discussions that grew out of the papers and presentations from the October 2009 workshop. We are grateful to each of the presenters, many of whom also wrote papers on different aspects of simulations, games, and science learning. They include Eva Baker, University of California, Los Angeles; Sasha Barab, Indiana University; Daphne Bavelier, University of Rochester; John Behrens, Cisco Networking Academy; Alex Chisolm, Learning Games Network; Douglas Clark, Vanderbilt University; Katherine Culp, Education Development Center; Ton de Jong, University of Twente, The Netherlands; Christopher Dede, Harvard University; Daniel Edelson, National Geographic Society; Dexter Fletcher, Institute for Defense Analyses; Alan Gershenfeld, E-Line Ventures; Robert Goldstone, Indiana University; Richard Halverson, University of Wisconsin, Madison; John Hight, Sony Computer Entertainment of America; Paul Horwitz, The Concord Consortium; Mizuko Ito, University of California, Irvine; Yasmin B. Kafai, University of Pennsylvania; Diane J. Ketelhut, Temple University; Merrilea J. Mayo, Kauffman Foundation; Scot Osterweil, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Jan L. Plass, New York University; Edys Quellmalz, WestEd; Steven Schneider, WestEd; Valerie J.

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