AP Psychology – Ms



| |Part of the Brain |Description/Function |Symbol/Mnemonic Device |

|Brains| |Unconscious vital processes (circulation, heart|“medusa” turns to stone |

|tem | |rate, breathing) |Doulah = midwife (brings life) |

| |Medulla | |“med”-itation |

| | | |Just “du” it (me-“du”-lla) |

| | | |Breathing is “dull” |

| | | |Me-du-llah sounds like heartbeat |

| | |Communicates sensory messages & movement from |Pom-pons |

| | |cerebellum to cerebrum | |

| |Pons | |Bridge over a pond |

| | |“Bridge” | |

| | | | |

| | |Eye and face movements | |

| | | | |

| | |Possible role in dreams | |

| | |Arousal & attention |“Rise And Shine” (R.A.S.) |

| | | |Particular Reticular (filters stimuli) |

| |Reticular Formation |Filters stimuli coming to brain | |

| |(Reticular Activating System) | |Re-“tic” ular formation (tic – sound of neural firing) |

| | |Muscle coordination & balance |Cere-“bal”-um |

| | | |Cere-balance |

| |Cerebellum | |Sarah-Ballerina |

| | | |Two “ll”s look like balance beam |

| | | |CereBelluM – Coordination, Balance, Movement |

| | | |Belle of the ball (dancing = balance & coordination) |

| | | |Antebellum (balance between slave & free) |

| | | |Ball (need coordination to catch) |

| | |Directs sensory information to particular areas|Thal-mail (like a post office) |

| | |of brain |T-top of brainstem, S-switchboard |

| |Thalamus | | |

| | | | |

| | |Instinctual emotional reactions (aggression or |Amygdala monster |

| | |fear) |“Angry Amy” or Aggressive Amy |

| |Amygdala | |Emo-gdala |

| | |Attention to novel stimuli | |

| | |Regulates hunger, thirst, body temperature, |Hungry “hypos” |

| | |endocrine system |Hypo-thermometer, hypothermia |

| |Hypothalamus | |Hyper-hypothalamus |

| | | |Hypo - typo (regulation/maintenance) |

| | | |Hypothala “must” |

| | | |Hypothalamus |

| | | |Homoeostasis |

| | | |M=maintenance |

| |Pituitary Gland |Master gland – directs endocrine system |Arm “pit” |

| | | |Pit boss (directs casino activities) |

| | |Formation of new memories |Hippo at camp (can’t forget that!) |

| | | |Camping – make memories |

| |Hippocampus | |“One time at hippo camp” |

| | | |Hippos never forget (similar to elephants) |

|Cerebr| |Divided into two hemispheres |Cereal bowl |

|um | | | |

| |Cerebrum |Higher order functions |Cranium game |

| | | | |

| | |Logic, language (verbal tasks), math, |Logical-left (lefty-logic) |

| | |detail-oriented |Left-logic-language |

| |Left Hemisphere | | |

| | |Controls right side of body | |

| | |Visual-spatial tasks, creativity |R-tistic |

| | | |Right Rembrandt |

| |Right Hemisphere |Controls left side of body |Right Sight |

| | | | |

| | |Thick bundle of nerve fibers that connects left|Callo-“sum” of 2 hemispheres |

| | |& right hemispheres |Corpus “Call someone” (connects) |

| |Corpus Callosum | |Corpse – connects living & dead??? |

| | |Communicates between two hemi’s |Connection Cord |

| | | |Cor“plus” callosum (two hemispheres together) |

|Cerebr| |Wrinkled surface of brain |Crinkled Cap |

|al | | |Cor-Texas (large surface area) |

|Cortex|Cerebral Cortex |Divided into four lobes |Core-tex (core of higher functions) |

| | | | |

| | |Emotion regulation, speaking, judgment & |Personality is a “front” |

| | |reason, planning, personality |“Future” lobe |

| |Frontal Lobes | |Prefrontal lobotomies |

| | | |Frontal filter (for emotions) |

| | |Pain, pressure, touch sensations |Presents-parietal (receiving info) |

| | | |Parietal-pain-pressure-position |

| |Parietal Lobes | | |

| | | | |

| | |Auditory cortex (hearing) |Tempo (music/rhythm) |

| | | |Temple (temples on side of head) |

| |Temporal Lobes | | |

| | | | |

| | |Visual cortex (sight) |Eye-cipital lobe |

| | | |“ocular” occipital |

| |Occipital Lobes | |Optometrist/ophthalmologist |

| | | |Occipital sounds like “optical” |

| | |Located at rear of frontal lobes | |

| | | | |

| |Motor Cortex |Controls voluntary movements | |

| | | | |

| | |Located at front of parietal lobes | |

| | | | |

| |Sensory Cortex |Receives info for body touch & movement | |

| | |sensations | |

| |Associatio| | | |

| |n Areas | |Physical production of speech (directs muscle |Broca Obama |

| | |Broca’s Area |movements) | |

| | | | |Boca = “mouth” in Spanish |

| | | |Located in left frontal lobe | |

| | | | | |

| | |Wernicke’s Area* |Language comprehension & expression |“Hooked on Wernicke’s” (like the |

| | | | |“Hooked on Phonics” program) |

| | | |Located in left temporal lobe | |

Basal Ganglia – collection of nuclei (at base of the hemispheres) for controlling voluntary movements and establishing postures

Glial Cells – nourish, protect, and support neurons

* Angular Gyrus – transforms visual representations into auditory code (Wernicke’s area uses this auditory code to derive meaning)

( Damage to angular gyrus means someone can speak & understand, but cannot read aloud

*Locus Coeruleus – role in physical reaction to panic/stress

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