Physical Science - Loudoun County Public Schools



Name:_____________________________________Physical Science: Newton’s Laws of MotionStudy Guide** MAKE SURE TO ALSO REVIEW YOUR CLASS NOTES *** What is the speed of an object? What is the velocity of an object? When is an object accelerating?What would happen if you dropped a golf ball and a bowling ball off the top of a building? Which would land first (ignoring air resistance)?What is the rate of acceleration for all objects, due to gravitational pull? What does this number mean?If all objects fall to the earth at the same rate of acceleration due to gravity, why does a feather drop more slowly than a marble? An object is dropped off a building. If the object has been falling for 7 seconds, what is its speed? What is Newton’s First Law of Motion? Tell what it means in your own words.Newton’s First Law talks about objects at rest remaining at rest, and objects in motion remaining in motion. Are the forces on these objects balanced or unbalanced? How do you know?What is the primary force that works against motion?Describe a circumstance where you want friction to work against Newton’s First Law. (Note: I said DESCRIBE. One or two words are not a description.)Newton’s First Law also has another name. What is it? Define inertia. The amount of inertia something has depends on its _____________.Copy Newton’s Second Law here:Now rewrite the 2nd law in your own words. If you pushed these two grocery carts with the same amount of force, which would accelerate faster? Explain this using Newton’s Second Law. INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET Which will accelerate faster, shopping cart “A” which is pushed with a force of 10 N or shopping cart “B” which is pushed with a force of 30 N? Mass = 10kg Mass = 10kg INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET A BYou will use the following formulas for the next two questions:a = F/mF = m times a If an object has a mass of 20 kg and has a force of 100 N exerted on it, what would be its acceleration? Show your work, including which formula you used!!!If an object has a mass of 2.5 kg and is accelerating at 4 m/s/s, what would be the force on the object? Show your work, including which formula you used!!!Name two ways to increase the acceleration of an object.Copy Newton’s Third Law.Rewrite Newton’s Third Law in your own words.What is a “force pair”? Give an example.Explain the action of jumping on a trampoline using your new understanding of Newton’s Third Law. Be sure to identify the force pair. Draw arrows to show the forces. INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET Using the example of the trampoline above, explain what happens to you if you jump harder, according to Newton’s Second Law. Draw new force arrows to illustrate this. INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "" \* MERGEFORMATINET What would happen if someone who was less massive jumped on the trampoline? Would they need to use more force, or less force, to get the same acceleration as the person in question 25. (Hint: use the formula for Newton’s Second Law and make up some numbers for the people’s masses to check out your prediction.)What is momentum?When we throw a bowling ball, we can make the pins fall down (assuming we are good at it, or the bumpers are up!). Explain what is happening, using the term momentum. Draw a sketch to help.Which has more momentum, a mouse running at 1 m/s north or an elephant walking at 3 m/s east? Explain your answer.Additional Honors Questions: Calculate the momentum of an object that has a mass of 80 kg and is traveling east at 10 m/s. Define free fall. Define terminal velocity. ................
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