ENGINEERING SURVEYING (221 BE) Distance & Angle
[Pages:66]ENGINEERING SURVEYING (221 BE)
Distance & Angle
Sr Tan Liat Choon Email: tanliatchoon@
Mobile: 016-4975551
INTRODUCTION
Types of Measurements in Surveying: Surveying is the art of making suitable
measurements in horizontal or vertical planes. This is one of the important subjects of civil engineering. Without taking a survey of the plot where the construction is to be carried out, the work cannot begin
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INTRODUCTION
From the above definition, we conclude on two types of measurements in surveying. They are as follows:
Linear measurements Angular measurements
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INTRODUCTION
Linear measurements are further classified as follows: Horizontal Distance Vertical Distance
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INTRODUCTION
Horizontal Distance
A horizontal distance is measured in horizontal plane if a distance is measured along a slope, it is reduced to its horizontal equivalent
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INTRODUCTION
Vertical Distance
A vertical distance is measured along the direction of gravity at that point. The vertical distance is measured to determine difference in elevations in various points
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INTRODUCTION
Angular Measurements
Two sides meeting at an angle are measured. The angle between them is measured and represented in degrees or radians
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DISTANCE MEASUREMENT
Linear measurement is the basis of all surveying and even through angles may be read precisely, the length of at least one line in tract must be measured to supplement the angles in locating points
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