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Pediatrics Study guide

|Immunization group presentation and brochure |

|What is not a reason for legal immunization exemption? |

|Cultural objections |

|Vaccines may contain what toxin? |

|Mercury |

|The majority of immunizations take place when? |

|By age 1 |

|True/False: Vaccination has eradicated smallpox in the US |

|True |

|MSG is an additive used in vaccines as what? |

|A stabilizer |

|Lecture: Chiropractic Treatment of Pediatric Patients |

|Three states of health: |

|Physiological disease |

|No identifiable pathology |

|Functional imbalance |

|Chiropractic Tx |

|Pathophysiological disease |

|Measurable physiological change |

|Chiropractic + Medical Tx |

|Pathological disease |

|Identifiable disease |

|Chiropractic + Medical Tx |

|Three treatment protocols |

|Primary prevention |

|Absence of symptoms |

|Absence of disease |

|Secondary prevention |

|Subclinical or late stage disease |

|Tertiary prevention |

|For clinical disease |

|3 most common causes of death |

|1-4 |

|Unintentional injury |

|MVA |

|Drowning |

|fires |

|Congenital malformations |

|Malignant neoplasm |

|5-14 |

|Unintentional injury |

|Malignant neoplasm |

|Congenital malformations |

|  |

|Lecture: The Normal Development of a Child/Study questions |

|Causes of failure to thrive |

|Organic |

|Breastfeeding /bottle feeding problems |

|Insufficient diet |

|Anorexia due to chronic illness |

|Unable to feed |

|Malabsoption |

|Celiac disease |

|Cystic fibrosis |

|Short gut |

|Protein losing enteropathy |

|Cow's milk protein intolerant |

|Increased energy requirements |

|Chronic illness |

|Cystic fibrosis, congenital heart and lung diseases |

|Non organic |

|Dominates |

|Malnutrition |

|Inadequate or inappropriate feeding |

|Maternal medications that may harm the fetus |

|Drug |

|Cytoxic agents |

|Phenytoin |

|Sodium Valproate |

|Carbamazepine |

|Warfarin |

|Progestens |

|Diethylstilbestrol |

|Thalidomide |

|Drug abuse |

|Alcohol-fetal alcohol syndrome |

|Opiates |

|Cocaine-spontaneous abortion, prematurity, cerebral infarction |

|Immunity |

|Innate immunity |

|Adaptive immunity |

|Natural |

|Passive-maternal |

|Active-infective |

|Artificial |

|Passive-antibody transfer |

|Active-immunization |

|Not genuine method: artificial induction of immunity |

|< 100% response (as well as in wild infection) |

|Temporary immunity |

|Unnatural port of entry |

|By-passing of defense barriers |

|Function appearance |

|Age (Months) |

|Function |

| |

|1,2 |

|Child lifts head when prone |

| |

|2,3 |

|Head balanced when held upright |

| |

|3,4 |

|Child suppoorts self on elbows |

| |

|5,6 |

|Rolls over |

| |

|6,7 |

|Sits w/ support |

| |

|7,8 |

|Sits w/out support |

| |

|8,9 |

|Sits up by self |

| |

|9,10 |

|Stands and walks w/ support |

| |

|10,11 |

|Stands and walks w/out support |

| |

|12-20 |

|Walks w/out support |

| |

|30 |

|Jumping ability |

| |

|36 |

|Jumping w/ 1 leg |

| |

|Fine motor development |

|Involves the development of the fingers and the hands and some coordination movements |

|The first month of life are characterized by the grasping reflex |

|Age (Months) |

|Function |

| |

|3,4 |

|Voluntary movements/reaches |

| |

|4.5 |

|Grabs at objects w/out using thumb |

| |

|5,6 |

|Transfer objects from hand->hand |

| |

|7,8 |

|Opposition grip |

| |

|12 |

|Pincer grip |

| |

|Psychological development |

|Age |

|Function |

| |

|0-1 |

|Starts to fixate on objects |

| |

|1-2 |

|Smarts to smile |

| |

|3-4 |

|Begins to babble |

| |

|7-8 |

|Selective contact begins, fearful of unfamiliar faces |

| |

|8-10 |

|Play contact (clap hands, bye/bye…) |

| |

|10-12 |

|Says first distinguishable words |

| |

|  |

|  |

|Davies pg: 5,8,65,105, 106 |

|208-209: |

|Erb's palsy |

|Clavicle fracture |

|Fractures of the upper and lower limbs |

|Pg: 219-220 Congential torticolis |

|Lecture Neonatology |

|Definitions |

|Newborn=0-28 days |

|Neonatal period=first month of extra-uterine life |

|Infant=0-12 months old |

|Infancy=first year of extra-uterine life |

|Unconjugated vs conjugated bilirubin |

|Kernicterus jaundice |

|Physiological jaundice-enough albumin to carry around |

|Conjugation uses glucuronic acid in the liver |

|Duodenal atresia |

|Double bubble sign |

|Accumulation of air in duodenum and stomach |

|Esophageal atresia |

|Problems with esophageal connection w/ stomach |

|Definitions for prenatal statistics |

|Still born=a fetus born after 24 weeks gestation showing no signs of life post-delivery |

|Low birth weight=less than 2500g at birth |

|Preterm=baby born before 37 weeks gestation |

|Term=baby born b/t 37 weeks and 42 weeks gestation |

|Post-term=baby born after 42 weeks gestation |

|Neonatal=1st month of life |

|Perinatal mortality rate=still births and deaths within the first 6 days per 1000 live and still births |

|Neonatal mortality rate=deaths of liveborn infants during the 1st 28 days per 100 live births |

|Definitions for size and gestational age |

|Preterm=gestation under 37 weeks |

|Post-term=gestation over 42 weeks |

|Low birth weight= medial of atlas and axis

a. Toggle technique or any drop technique

a. Long lever moves

1. Why is light force adjusting recommended in children under 7?

Because they are smaller and less force is needed

1. What are the proper contact finger and setup in an infant w/ lateral C1 or C2 subluxation?

Pinky finger

1. What listing is implied in the following cases? Suggest suitable adjustment for:

a. An infant who tilts his head to the left

a. A 1 year old pulls her right ear. There are not signs of infection (no fever, normal physical examination findings, including normal otoscopy)

Atlas is lateral on that side

1. What is rebound subluxation?

When a subluxation is restored due to much force being used

1. Which organs occupy a significantly large volume of the following body regions in children as compared to adults?

Oropharynx

Tonsils

Thorax

Thymus

Abdomen

Liver

1. Explain the "spot Routine", a method Dr. Webster used to gen an infant still during examination and treatment

Forehead to forehead

1. How are subluxations determined in a child according to Dr. Webster?

Palpation, instrumentation, X-ray

1. What is the most important indication that a subluxation has been successfully treated in a child?

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