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The Growth of Slavery & Triangular Trade (7th Grade)

The Growth of Slavery

Howard Pyle

The Dutch colony of New Amsterdam, now New York, received its first large shipment of slaves directly from Africa in 1655. Africans were the immigrants to the British New World that had no choice in their destinations or destinies. The first African Americans that arrived in Jamestown in 1619 on a Dutch trading ship were not slaves, nor were they free. They served time as indentured servants until their obligations were complete. Although these lucky individuals lived out the remainder of their lives as free men, the passing decades would make this a rarity. Despite the complete lack of a slave tradition in mother England, slavery gradually replaced indentured servitude as the chief means for plantation labour in the Old South.

Virginia would become the first British colony to legally establish slavery in 1661. Maryland and the Carolinas were soon to follow. The only Southern colony to resist the onset of slavery was Georgia, created as an Enlightened experiment. Seventeen years after its formation, Georgia too succumbed to the pressures of its own citizens and repealed the ban on African slavery. Laws soon passed in these areas that condemned all children of African slaves to lifetimes in chains.

Howard Pyle

The first African Americans in the New World arrived at Jamestown on a Dutch ship in 1619.

No northern or middle colony was without its slaves. From Puritan Massachusetts to Quaker Pennsylvania, Africans lived in BONDAGE. Economics and geography did not promote the need for slave importation like the plantation South. Consequently, the slave population remained small compared to their southern neighbours. While laws throughout the region recognized the existence of slavery, it was far less systematized. Slaves were more frequently granted their freedom, and opposition to the institution was more common, especially in Pennsylvania. As British colonists became convinced that Africans best served their demand for labour, importation increased. By the turn of the eighteenth century AFRICAN SLAVES numbered in the tens of thousands in the British colonies. Before the first shots are fired at Lexington and Concord, they totalled in the hundreds of thousands. The cries for liberty by the colonial leaders that were to follow turned out to be merely white cries.

Although slavery had existed in the colonies since 1607 in Jamestown, when does the first large ship of slaves arrive and who was responsible? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why do the Dutch become such an important in trading of slaves? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Why was slavery established in the south? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The Triangular Trade

The early days of the American economy were filled with trade routes stretching across the Atlantic in seemingly all directions. As with trade between European countries, the goods coming into and out of America tended to be part of a pattern. The money paid for one set of goods would be used to pay for another set of goods, and so on. Also at this time, goods were traded for each other, in a barter system. In early American settlement, goods came from two main sources: England and. Africa. This came to be known as Triangular Trade

A typical shipment of goods from Great Britain would consist of any or all of beads, cloth, hardware, rum, salt, or weapons. The shipment would go to Africa, where the goods would be traded for people who were enslaved. A ship leaving Africa for America would contain hundreds of enslaved people, tightly packed in horrific conditions for the journey to their new "home." Once in America, the ship would unload the slaves and take on any or all of molasses, rum, sugar, or tobacco and then head to Great Britain, completing the Triangle. (It should be said here that not all ships made this giant triangular trip. Many ships did no more than sail back and forth from America to Africa and vice versa or from England to Africa and vice versa. The description of the Triangular Trade deals more with the goods as a whole.) Some of the ships coming to America sailed straight to ports along the Eastern Seaboard, although some stopped in the Caribbean or Brazil, where large slave plantations were. The number of Africans shipped as slaves to America has been conservatively estimated at 10 million. That number doesn't include the thousands who died along the way. Some estimates have concluded that 15 to 25 of every 100 Africans died on those voyages. The practice of slavery had a history of hundreds of years. It was made illegal in America in 1807, although it continued in small part for many years after that.

How is the triangular trade a prime example of mercantilism? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

How many slaves are brought to the New World? How many of don’t survive this journey? Why? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

United Kingdom wants:

[pic] [pic]

The Americas want: Africa wants:

[pic]

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Europeans who had settled in America found it difficult to get workers for their farms and mines. They also had to pay workers. They wanted slaves from Africa because it was cheaper.

Merchants were able to make a good profit selling sugar, cotton, rum, tobacco and coffee from the Americas to the United Kingdom

Africans were eager to trade for the guns, alcohol, pots, pans and horses that were brought from Europe.

Instructions:

Read the paragraphs on the left and then re-write the boxes from the bottom to correct place on the top of the page.

Sugar, cotton, rum, tobacco and coffee

Slaves, because they are cheaper than workers

Cloth, pots, pans, horses, alcohol and guns

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