Oxford Bibliography Online: Social Work



Oxford Bibliography Online: Social Work

Lisa Rapp-Paglicci, Ph.D, Associate Director, School of Social Work, University of South Florida

Juvenile Justice

Introduction

Introductory Works

Reference Works

Textbooks

Manuals and Guides

Bibliographies

Journals

Juvenile Court

Youth Gangs

Female Juvenile Offenders

Race and Juvenile Justice

Treatment and Prevention

Introduction

The topic of Juvenile Justice is expansive and multiple fields such as Social work, Criminology, Psychology, Law, and Education are engaged in its study, policies, and practice. This entry focuses on Social work’s perspective of Juvenile Justice, but does include other fields to be inclusive. There are several components which are included under the umbrella of Juvenile Justice. These include: the Juvenile Justice system—courts, probation, sanctions, etc.; the juvenile offender—demographics, theories about delinquency, etc.; Intervention—empirically based prevention, intervention, and programs, etc.; and Policies—laws and rules pertinent to juveniles in both the juvenile and criminal justice systems. In addition, there are numerous sub-specialties which are encompassed under the content of juvenile justice. Some examples comprise: sexual offenders, child maltreatment, family violence, school bullying and violence, the death penalty, substance abuse, violent offenders, racial inequities, female offenders, mentally ill juvenile offenders, gangs, etc. Regrettably, this bibliography cannot cover all of those topics however it will include resources on: the juvenile court, juvenile gangs, female juvenile offenders, race and juvenile justice, and treatment and prevention.

Introductory Works

The works listed here represent authors who are considered experts in the field. To garner information regarding corrections, courts, and prevalence, begin reading the reports from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Gottfredson is an authority on schools and delinquency, while OJJDP provides the latest reports on the Juvenile Justice system and demographics. The Handbook of Violence provides readers with information on violence in multiple locations. But the Roberts’ text is a good choice for the reader looking to learn about a variety of aspects of Juvenile Justice in one book. A comprehensive international viewpoint can be found in Junger-Tas and Decker, while Martin will provide a solid historical perspective.

Gottfredson, Denise. 2001. Schools and Delinquency. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University

Press.

The foremost authority on delinquency and school crime, Gottfredson links theory and

empirical evidence to design school-based prevention programs.

Junger-Tas, Josine and Scott Decker. 2006. International handbook of juvenile justice.

Dordrecht: Springer.

Comprehensive research compiled for over 19 different countries focusing on recent

trends in the area of juvenile justice.

Martin, Clarence Augustus. 2005. Juvenile Justice: Process and systems. Thousand Oaks, CA:

Sage.

This resource includes information regarding the history, system, theories, assessment,

community responses, and global perspectives.

Rapp-Paglicci, Lisa, Albert Roberts, and John Wodarski, eds. 2002. Handbook of Violence.

New York: Wiley.

The handbook covers community, gang, school, and girls’ violence.

Roberts, Albert R. eds. 2004. Juvenile justice sourcebook: Past, present, and future. Oxford;

New York: Oxford University Press.

This resource expounds on the history of the Juvenile Justice system as well as explaining

how the juvenile justice system works. It also discusses research and innovative

treatment programs.

Sickmund, Melissa. 2004. Juveniles in Corrections. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice,

Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

The report elaborates on the latest statistics and status of corrections for juveniles in the

U.S. The corrections system is explained and thoroughly evaluated.

Sickmund, Melissa. 2003. Juveniles in Court. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

The report provides information about the U.S. juvenile court system. The confusing

juvenile court system is outlined and the processes are delineated for the reader.

Snyder, Howard. 2003. Prevalence and development of child delinquency. Washington, DC:

U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and

Delinquency Prevention.

The report explicates the demographics of juvenile offending and the developmental

process of offending.

Reference Works

There are copious and diverse amounts of sources which contain reference material for readers. There are books, but enhanced selections are now available online. These selections contain both general and more specific information regarding sub-specialties. They are also regularly updated so readers can stay abreast of advances in the field. By far, the leading resources in the field are the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention as well as the Campbell Collaboration. OJJDP provides comprehensive information about policies, sanctions, practice, and research regarding juvenile delinquency. While the Campbell Collaboration supplies the most up-to-date information regarding evidence-based practices in the field. Technical assistance and analysis can be located at the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice, the National Juvenile Defender Center, the National Criminal Justice reference services, and the National Center for Juvenile Justice. Two reference books which are very helpful are the Encyclopedia by McShane and Williams, and the reference handbook by Shoemaker, McDonald, and Wolfe.

McShane, Marilyn D., and Franklin P. Williams. eds. 2003. Encyclopedia of juvenile justice.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

This incredible resource literally covers juvenile justice from A to Z. This is an unbiased profile of the current state of juvenile justice. Along with basic information, the encyclopedia also cover special topics like the death penalty, substance abuse, sexual abuse, and gangs.

Shoemaker, Donald J., Danielle McDonald, and Timothy W. Wolfe. 2005. Juvenile justice: A

reference handbook. Contemporary world issues. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Covers comprehensive contemporary issues in the area of juvenile justice and

provides a global perspective for the reader.

The National Juvenile Defender Center

[]

Produces reports, training guides, and practice-focused fact sheets for juvenile defenders.

National Criminal Justice Reference Service

[]

A federally funded resource offering justice and substance abuse information. Best used for statistical and current factual information.

National Center for Juvenile Justice

[]

Provides current research and technical assistance related to Juvenile Justice.

The Campbell Collaboration

[]

An international research network that produces systematic reviews of the effects of social interventions . The Campbell Collaboration helps people make well-informed decisions by preparing, maintaining and disseminating systematic reviews in education, crime and justice, and social welfare.

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

[]

Provides leadership, coordination, and resources to prevent and respond to juvenile delinquency and victimization.

The Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice

[]

Develops model programs, technical assistance, research/policy analysis, and public education. The site provides resources, assistance, and analysis.

Textbooks

The textbooks listed below can enhance teaching and learning in the classroom or in the field. Rosenheim, et al., Tanenhaus, and Zimring are all comprehensive texts useful for both undergraduate and graduate courses. Specialized topics, useful for supplemental sources of information on specialty areas include Grisso’s developmental perspective and McShane’s forte regarding violence. The subject of race and ethnicity is of particular concern in Juvenile Justice and two foremost texts address it, namely Feld, and Gabiddon et al. Those specifically interested in social work’s history and specialized type of work in the Juvenile Justice system should read Robert’s seminal work.

Feld, Barry C. 1999. Bad kids: Race and the transformation of the juvenile court. Studies in crime and public policy. New York: Oxford University Press.

Describes what has gone wrong with the juvenile court in its transformation from

rehabilitative model to a harsh criminal justice system. Feld calls for reforms based on

interdisciplinary knowledge.

Gabbidon, Shaun L., Helen Taylor Greene, and Everette B. Penn. 2006. Race and juvenile justice. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press.

Essays focus first on the trends and issues of each major racial group. The remaining chapters treat sociological, legal, human rights, and liberal and conservative views on juvenile justice.

Grisso, Thomas and Robert G. Schwartz. 2000. Youth on Trial: A Developmental Perspective on Juvenile Justice. Chicago, IL, US: University of Chicago Press.

Includes child and adolescent development information and how that is applied to the

juvenile justice system.

McShane, Marilyn D. and Frank P. Williams III. 2007. Youth Violence and Delinquency: Monsters and Myths. Westport, CT, US: Praeger Publishers/Greenwood Publishing Group.

A large three part volume compiling information regarding Criminal Justice, delinquency

and corrections.

Roberts, Albert and David Springer. editors. 2006. Social Work in Juvenile and Criminal Justice Settings (3rd Ed.). Springfield, IL, US: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.

An in-depth look at social workers’ roles and responsibilities in all aspects of the juvenile

justice system, including social work’s history in the system.

Rosenheim, Margaret K., Franklin Zimring, David Tanenhaus, and Bernardine Dohrn. 2002. A century of juvenile justice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

An in-depth compilation of juvenile justice history including the history of the science and

theories in understanding juvenile justice.

Tanenhaus, David Spinoza, and Inc NetLibrary. 2004. Juvenile justice in the making [electronic resource]. Studies in crime and public policy. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.

This source is a fresh interpretation of the unique history of the development and operation of the juvenile justice system. The author argues for rethinking these operations for the future.

Zimring, Franklin E. 2005. American juvenile justice. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press.

Demystifying youth crime and violence, discussions on policies and the future for juvenile

justice are comprehensively covered.

Manuals and Guides

As prevention and treatment protocols become empirically based, manuals and guides have likewise increased dramatically. All evidence-based programs and interventions include manuals for practitioners. The following listed here represent a small number of those available, but are generally very specific. McGuire’s guide is broader in nature as is Shoemaker et al. and may be useful as an overview and introduction to the area. Brunson, et al is a must-have for implementing conflict resolution, while the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment provides the specifics for substance abuse treatment in juvenile justice. Readers interested in residential care, should look to McInnis. Decker and Tas explores the differences in juvenile justice between countries. Preston and Sims is a comprehensive handbook and Sells is a guide to treating adolescent behavioral problems.

Brunson, Russell, Zephryn Conte, Shelley Masar, and National Center for Conflict Resolution Education. 2002. The art in peacemaking [electronic resource]: A guide to integrating conflict resolution education into youth arts programs. Springfield, Ill: NCCRE; Wash., D.C.: Wash., D.C; National Endowment for the Arts; OJJDP.

A useful resource for improving and implementing arts education with conflict resolution skills.

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (U.S.), and Denver Juvenile Justice Integrated Treatment Network. 1999. Strategies for integrating substance abuse treatment and the juvenile justice system: A practice guide. DHHS publication ; no. (SMA) 00-3369. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Center for Substance Abuse Treatment.

The manual provides a step-by-step guide for implementing substance abuse interventions within the juvenile justice system.

Decker, Scott H., and J. Junger Tas. 2006. International handbook of juvenile justice. Dordrecht: Springer.

A comprehensive reference provides an in-depth analysis of the juvenile justice system of 19 countries. Similarities and differences between the various systems are described.

McGuire, James. 1995. What works: Reducing reoffending: Guidelines from research and practice. Wiley series in offender rehabilitation. New York: Wiley, 1995.

Provides a broad overview of information gleaned from research and applied to practice.

McInnis, William P., and Inc NetLibrary. 2002. The juvenile justice and residential care treatment planner [electronic resource]. Practice planners. New York: Wiley.

Valuable resource for mental health professionals, which assists in writing treatment plans.

Contains over 1,000 statements that describe behaviors of common presenting problems,

goals, objectives, and educational interventions.

Preston, Pamela and Barbara Sims. 2006. Handbook of juvenile justice: Theory and practice. Public administration and public policy; 120. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor & Francis.

Comprehensive coverage of juvenile delinquency, juvenile law and juvenile justice topics.

This handbook presents both a historical and modern perspective on key issues as well as a

policy approach.

Sells, Scott P. 1998. Treating the tough adolescent: A family-based, step-by-step guide. The Guilford family therapy series. New York: Guilford Press.

Presents a research-based 15-step model for helping families change serious adolescent behavioral problems. The problems addressed range from truancy to violence and includes methods for restoring positive family relationships.

Shoemaker, Donald J., Danielle McDonald, and Timothy W. Wolfe. 2005. Juvenile justice: A

reference handbook. Contemporary world issues. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO.

Provides a summary of the juvenile justice system's problems, controversies, and presents

emerging solutions. This handbook also provides information about the agencies and organizations involved with juvenile justice.

Bibliographies

Bibliographies are slowly becoming more common in the arena of juvenile justice; however, most are still often found in the Criminal Justice literature. Many of the websites listed under “Reference Works”[*NOTE TO COPYEDITOR: LINK TO SECTION “REFERENCE WORKS” ABOVE.*] (Campbell Collaboration and Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention) also provide a substantial amount of information in annotated and bibliographic form. In addition, the following resources are quite helpful. For a historical viewpoint, Watkins is a must-read and Openshaw is very comprehensive. Hartjen and Priyadarsini provide an excellent overview on the topic from an international point of view. Information regarding violent juvenile offenders can be located in several strong sources: Ryan, Parker, and Williamson.

Hartjen, Clayton and S. Priyadarsini. 2004. Delinquency and Juvenile Justice: An international bibliography. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Information regarding delinquency and the justice system for over 65 countries throughout the world.

Openshaw, D. Kim, Roger B. Graves, Susan L. Ericksen, Mariya Lowry, Deborah D. Durso, Laurel Agee, Stephanie Todd, Kathy E. Jones, and Julie Scherzinger. 1993. "Youthful

Sexual Offenders: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Scholarly References, 1970-1992."

Family Relations 42, no. 2 (04,): 222-226.

Provides an extensive list of scholarly references dating over 20 years. These are very helpful for the getting acquainted with the literature on sexual offenders. The changes in beliefs and attitudes regarding sexual offenders is very interesting.

Parker, James and Philip Parker, editors. 2004. Teen violence: A medical dictionary, bibliography and annotated research guide to internet references. San Diego, CA.: ICON Health Publications.

Provides a wealth of information about adolescent violence including terms, listing of books, and online references.

Ryan, Gail. 1986. "Annotated Bibliography: Adolescent Perpetrators of Sexual Molestation of Children." Child Abuse & Neglect 10, no. 1: 125-131.

Includes a thorough annotated bibliography of teen sexual offenders.

Watkins, John. 2001. Centennial sourcebook on selected juvenile justice literature, 1900-1999: A transdisciplinary index. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Describes the American Juvenile Justice system from its formative years through current time. It includes: a book index, general periodical index, a legal periodical index, and an index of governmental publications.

Williamson, Sandra L. 1987. "The Treatment of Violent Juvenile Offenders: An Annotated Bibliography." Journal of Child Care 3, no. 2: 71-90.

Provides the reader with a list and description of references regarding interventions for violent juvenile offenders.

Journals

Currently, there are no journals on juvenile justice which originate from a social work perspective. The journals are either criminological in foundation or interdisciplinary. Unfortunately, this often means that social work’s unique perspective is under-represented in journal articles. Juvenile Justice and Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice are considered the leading periodicals in this area and usually include the strongest articles. Several periodicals focus on the policy aspects of juvenile justice, namely: Crime and Delinquency, Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy, Youth Justice, and Juvenile and Family Law Digest. Readers interested in juvenile violence can also see Journal of Interpersonal Violence and Violence and Victims.

Crime and Delinquency

online.

A policy oriented journal for professionals in the criminal justice field focusing on the social, political, and economic context of crime, victims and offenders, the criminal justice response, and sanctions.

Journal of Interpersonal Violence

online.

Devoted to the study and treatment of victims of interpersonal violence with a focus on material that addresses the causes, effects, treatment, and prevention of all types of violence.

Journal of Juvenile Law and Policy

jjlp.law.ucdavis.edu

A biannual publication of the UC Davis School of Law that addresses the unique concerns of children in the American legal system. The Periodical provides practical and timely information about current juvenile, family, and educational law issues.

Juvenile Justice



Published semi-annually by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, this periodical disseminates information regarding juvenile delinquency and prevention programs.

Juvenile and Family Law Digest



A monthly publication by the National Center for Juvenile Justice. Contains the latest decisions in cases involving juvenile and family justice issues.

Violence and Victims

journal

Peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary journal of theory, research, policy, and clinical practice in the area of interpersonal violence and victimization. There is an emphasis on empirical research.

Youth Justice

yjj.

An International peer-reviewed journal that analyzes juvenile/youth justice systems, law, policy, and practice and comprises articles that are theoretically informed and/or grounded in the latest empirical research.

Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice

online.

Provides academics and practitioners in juvenile justice and related fields with a resource for publishing current empirical research, discussing theoretical issues, and reviewing promising interventions and programs in youth violence, juvenile justice, and school safety. 

Juvenile Court

The Juvenile Justice system and specifically juvenile courts were specifically developed because reformers were concerned about juveniles being processed and held with adults in the Criminal Justice system. Reformers felt that juveniles should be treated differently than adults and that each case should be viewed on an individual basis. The main idea was for Juvenile Court Judges to have the flexibility and autonomy to assist the juvenile and their family in any pertinent manner and to focus on rehabilitation and prevention of further contact with the system. Since its inception, the juvenile court’s philosophy and procedures have fluctuated frequently. To obtain a good history and fundamental understanding of the juvenile court, readers should start with Champion or Kupchik. Krygier provides essential basic knowledge for parents and youths, while Emerson and Siegel and Paul invaluable critiques of the system and laws associated with it. Readers interested in juvenile drug courts can find a thorough description in Butts and Roman. The peer-reviewed articles focus on judges’ decisions as well as public opinion about the juvenile court. See Kupchik for a good overview and D’Angelo for a strong study of judicial attitudes. Finally, Mears et al. offers a different perspective about the future of the juvenile court.

Butts, Jeffrey and John Roman. 2004. Juvenile drug courts and teen substance abuse. Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.

Provides an explanation of teen drug courts- what they are and what they do. It also provides information regarding the results of teen court evaluations and long-term effects.

Champion, Dean. 2006. The juvenile justice system: Delinquency, processing, and the law (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Describes the history of the juvenile court, parens patriae, differences between criminal and

juvenile court, and alternative philosophies for treating juvenile offenders.

D’Angelo, Jill. M. 2007. The complex nature of juvenile court judges’ transfer decisions: A study of judicial attitudes. Social Science Journal 44: 147-159.

Judicial attitudes of over 1,000 judges were evaluated to reveal the complex variables

which affect their decisions.

Emerson, Robert. 2007. Judging delinquents: Context and process in juvenile court. Edison, NJ: Transaction Publishers.

Critically analyzes the nature of the juvenile court, handling of juveniles, and the

court’s functions in relation to society and the larger criminal justice system.

Krygier, Leora. 2008. Juvenile court: A guide for young adults and their parents. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

A practical guide for families attempting to maneuver through the juvenile court.

Kupchik, Aaron. 2006. Judging juveniles: Prosecuting adolescents in adult and juvenile courts. New York: New York University Press.

Includes information on juvenile law, prosecuting, judging, and punishing

juveniles, and policy implications.

Kupchik, Aaron. 2006. The decisions to incarcerate in juvenile and criminal courts. Criminal Justice Review 31: 309-336.

Discusses the procedures and consequences of the transfer policy from juvenile to criminal court.

Mears, Daniel P.; Hay, Carter; Gertz, Marc. 2007. Public opinion and the foundation of the juvenile court. Criminology 45: 223-257.

The study examines the idea of abolishing the juvenile court and the upper limits of the age of jurisdiction of the juvenile court.

Siegel, Larry and Paul Tracy. 2007. Juvenile Law: A collection of leading U.S. Supreme Court cases. London, UK: Pearson.

This resource is divided into two parts with the first part covering landmark U.S. Supreme Court cases which define juveniles’ legal rights within the juvenile justice system and the second portion covering legal rights of youth at school.

Youth Gangs

In recent years our knowledge about youth gangs has grown exponentially and we now have empirical evidence to understand why youth join gangs, characteristics of gang members, gang activities (criminal and non-criminal), gang sub-culture, and variations of these based on gender, age, and location of gangs. We also have come to understand the different sub-types of gangs. The following studies highlight the difficulties in reducing and intervening with gangs. Meacham and Stokes provide a strong argument for intervening throughout the life course, while Boerman calls for a new method of intervention. Readers should look to Wilson to garner information about a rarely discussed topic, that of rural gangs. Choo is a good source for understanding Asian gangs and Valdez, Mexican ones. For information about intervening in jails, read Ruddell et al.

Boerman, Thomas. 2007. A call for an assessment-based approach to gang intervention.

Journal of Gang Research 14: 67-73.

Discusses the need to shift to an assessment-based approach to the design and

implementation gang intervention strategies.

Choo, Kyung-Seok. 2007. Gangs and immigrant youth. New York: LFB Scholarly Publishing,

LLC.

Provides information regarding Asian immigrant youth who join gangs in the

U.S. Specific concerns related to this group are presented.

Curry, G. David and Scott Decker. 2007. Confronting gangs: Crime and community. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury Press.

The foremost authority on youth gangs, this book includes information on the nature and number of gangs, the link between gangs and delinquency, the role of drugs in thegangs, female gang members, and gangs and social institutions.

Kontos, Louis and David Brotherton, editors. 2008. Encyclopedia of gangs. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

This is a substantial compendium of information about gangs. This resource specifically

describes various ethnic gangs throughout the U.S. In addition, it describes different

types of gangs, and includes strategies for reduction and intervention with gangs.

Meacham, Mike; Stokes, Tony. 2008. The life development of gang members: Intervention at

various stages. The Forensic Examiner 17: 34-39.

Describes interventions to prevent and reduce gang activity across the lifespan.

Ruddell, Rick; Decker, Scott; Egley, Arlen. 2006. Gang interventions in jails: A national

analysis. Criminal Justice Review 31: 33-46.

The study evaluated a national sample of jails regarding gang problems and assessed the

use and efficacy of programmatic responses.

Valdez, Avelardo. 2007. Mexican American girls and gang violence: Beyond risk. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

Describes culture, life, and gangs for Mexican American females. The research

reports on risky behaviors, delinquency, substance abuse, and violence which is a part of

gang life and the precipitous lives of female gang members.

Wilson, Karen. 2008. A comprehensive literature review of rural youth gangs. Journal of Gang

Research 15: 19-32.

Reviews the prevalence and characteristics of rural gangs. The article

emphasizes the differences in rural gangs.

Female Juvenile Offenders

The topic of female juvenile offenders was not considered a topic until the late 1980’s and 1990’s when researchers and practitioners began to identify a need to think about female delinquency differently than male delinquency. Scholars have noted significantly different precursors for males and females entry into the juvenile justice system. The differences in mental health issues as well as the significant number of sexual victimizations of females makes the need for processing and treatment protocols of males and females quite varied. Chesney-Lind is considered the foremost expert in this area however Alder and Worrall provide a strong evaluation of female crime and violence. Readers looking for information regarding effective treatments should turn to Zaplin, while Miranda and Valdez provide important facts about female gang members. The following peer-reviewed articles focus on differences between males and females in the Juvenile justice system as well as their treatment. Read Luke to understand the growing trend in violent offenses by females and Goodkind to learn about the different approach to females in the juvenile justice system. Hipwell and Rolf identify what interventions work with females.

Alder, Christine and Anne Worrall. 2004. Girls’ violence: Myths and realities. Cornell, NY:

Cornell University Press.

Provides the latest evidence regarding female crime and violence and critically evaluates

claims of female increases in violence as well as definitions, and the debates regarding

social control and social construction of feminism.

Chesney-Lind, Meda and Lisa Pasko. 2004. The Female Offender: Girls, women, and crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Provides a unique perspective on females who commit crimes, including specialized

theories for the female offender.

Chesney-Lind, Meda, and Randall G. Shelden. 2004. Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice.

Contemporary issues in crime and justice series. 3rd ed. Belmont, CA:

Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.

A foremost authority on female delinquency. This book covers the extent and nature of

female delinquency, girls in the system, girls and gangs, theories, girls’ treatment

programs, and girls’ victimization.

Goodkind, Sara. 2005. Gender-specific services in the juvenile justice system: a critical examination. AFFILIA Journal of Women & Social Work 20: 52-70.

Describes the different needs and services provided for female offenders.

Hipwell, Alison E.; Loeber, Rolf. 2006. Do we know which interventions are effective for disruptive and delinquent girls? Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review 9: 221-255.

The current article reviews effective treatment programs for female offenders.

Luke, Katherine P. 2008. Are girls really becoming more violent? A critical analysis. AFFILIA Journal of Women & Social Work 23: 38-50.

A critical look at females’ increase in violence in the last few years.

Miranda, Marie. 2003. Homegirls in the public sphere. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

An ethnography regarding Chicana gang members. The girls’ describe their experiences

in their own words and provide the reader with an intimate and realistic look at their

lives.

Valdez, Avelardo. 2007. Mexican American girls and gang violence: Beyond risk. New York:

Palgrave Macmillan.

Describes culture, life, and gangs for Mexican American females. The

research reports on risky behaviors, delinquency, substance abuse, and violence which is

a part of gang life and the precipitous lives of female gang members.

Zaplin, Ruth. 2007. Female offenders: Critical perspective and effective interventions. Sudbury,

MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Describes theoretical underpinnings of female delinquency as well as

treatment considerations and effective treatment programs.

Race and Juvenile Justice

Racial and ethnic disparities in the juvenile justice systems have been a concern since the system’s inception. Stereotypes of minority criminal and violent behavior, often fueled by the media, are antecedents to bias in all areas of the system. Research has found significant partiality in arrest, adjudication, processing, and treatment of minority offenders. Hawkins, Penn et al., and Kempf-Leonard provide a good introduction to the topic, while Leiber thoroughly explores the issues from an empirical standpoint. Feld’s resource gives some historical perspective to the topic. Studies (Hsia et al., and Guevara et al) highlight the serious disparities among various races within the juvenile justice system. Leiber provides an excellent view of the complexities of the issue of race and the juvenile justice system. Latina issues specifically can be found in McCluskey.

Feld, Barry C. 1999. Bad kids: Race and the transformation of the juvenile court. New York:

Oxford University Press.

Describes what has gone wrong with the juvenile court in its transformation from

rehabilitative model to a harsh criminal justice system. Feld calls for reforms based on

interdisciplinary knowledge.

Guevara, Lori; Herz, Denise; Spohn, Cassia. 2008. Race and gender, and legal counsel: Differential outcomes in two juvenile courts. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice 6: 83-104.

The data reveals the interaction between race, gender, and legal counsel between two courts.

Hawkins, Darnell F. and Kimberly Kempf-Leonard, editors. 2005. Our Children, their Children:

Confronting Racial and Ethnic Differences in American Juvenile Justice. Chicago, IL,

US: University of Chicago Press.

Examines the racial and ethnic disparities present in the current juvenile justice system

and discusses causes and possible solutions.

Hsia, Heidi, George Bridges, and Rosalie McHale. Disproportionate minority confinement, 2002

update: Summary. Washington, DC: Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs,

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2004.

The report provides demographics regarding minority confinement in the U.S. for 2002.

Leiber, Michael. 2003. The contexts of juvenile justice decision making: When race matters.

Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

An in-depth evaluation of decision making in the juvenile justice system based on views

of race. The research shows stereotypes of minorities fuel decision making and Leiber

discusses the consequences of those decisions on the youth.

Leiber, Michael J.; Johnson, Joseph D. 2008. Being young and Black: What are their effects on juvenile justice making? Crime and Delinquency 54: 560-581.

The study reports on the differences in court decision based on age and race.

McCluskey, Cynthia Perez. 2002. Understanding Latino delinquency: The applicability of strain

theory by ethnicity. New York: LFB Publishing, LLC.

The author explains offending by Latinos by using the popular criminological Strain

Theory.

Penn, Everett, Helen Greene, and Shaun Gabiddon, editors. 2005. Race and juvenile justice.

Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press.

Eleven essays focusing on the issue of race in the juvenile justice system. The source

includes information regarding legal issues, human rights, and effective prevention and

intervention programs for minority youth.

Treatment and Prevention

The last few years has seen a dramatic increase in individual, family, and community interventions to reduce juvenile crime and violence. In addition, prevention and intervention programs have also expanded exponentially. “Reference Works,” [*NOTE TO COPYEDITOR: LINK TO SECTION “REFERENCE WORKS” ABOVE.*] especially the Campbell Collaboration and Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention include information regarding treatment as do the following books. The foremost authority in the area is Howell, who provides a comprehensive examination of treatment across ages and treatment levels. All selections noted here are written by experts in this area. Especially noteworthy are: Lipsey, et al., Loeber, et al., Wilson, et al., and Farrington. The following sources also describe effective treatment for at-risk youths and juvenile offenders. Review Landenberger et al. and Hoge for information about well-known cognitive behavioral programs and other empirircally based treatments. McGarrell et al. provides information about a newer intervention with families. Heilbrun et al. also incorporate information about prevention and assessment as well as treatments.

Farrington, David and Brandon Welsh. 2007. Saving children from a life of crime: Early risk factors and effective interventions. New York: Oxford University Press.

Prevention is the focus of this book with authors elaborating on individual, family, and

community prevention strategies as well as a thorough discussion of policy implications.

Heilbrun, Kirk, Naomi E. Sevin Goldstein, and Richard E. Redding. 2005. Juvenile Delinquency: Prevention, Assessment, and Intervention. New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press.

The editors provide information regarding risk and protective factors in juvenile

delinquency, as well as thorough explanations of a variety of offending including school

violence and mental illness.

Hoge, Robert D., Nancy G. Guerra, and Paul Boxer. 2008. Treating the Juvenile Offender. New

York, NY, US: Guilford Press.

Up-to-date research regarding understanding juvenile offending and current empirically

based treatments for offenders. The authors also include information about specific

offending groups.

Howell, James. 2009. Preventing and Reducing juvenile delinquency: A comprehensive

framework. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Includes historical information on juvenile justice, the latest research regarding juvenile

offenders, summaries of what works and what doesn’t work in juvenile justice and

programming, and concludes with a lengthy discussion regarding comprehensive

strategies.

Landenberger, Nana A.; Lipsey, Mark W. 2005. The positive effects of cognitive-behavioral programs for offenders: A meta-analysis of factors associated with effective treatment. Journal of Experimental Criminology 1: 451-476.

The study confirms positive findings for cognitive-behavioral treatment.

Lipsey, Mark , David Wilson, and Lynn Cothern. 2003. Effective interventions for serious

juvenile offenders. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Office of Justice Programs,

Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

The report describes empirically based treatment approaches for the most serious juvenile

offender.

Loeber, Rolf, David Farrington, and David Petechuk. 2003. Child delinquency: Early

intervention and prevention. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S.

Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.

This report expounds on effective early intervention and prevention programs which

target young delinquents.

McGarrell, Edmund F.; Kroovand Hipple, Natalie. 2007. Family group conferencing and reoffending among first- time juvenile offenders: The Indianapolis experiment. Justice Quarterly 24: 221-246.

The study found a reduction in recidivism for participants in the family group conferencing treatment program.

Wilson, Sandra Jo and Mark Lipsey. 2007. School-based interventions for aggressive and

disruptive behavior: Update of a meta-analysis of outcome evaluations. American

journal of preventive medicine, 33 (Supplemental): S130-S143.

This journal article describes the state-of-the-art in school-based interventions for

aggressive and disruptive behaviors by youth.

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