PDF State Comparisons of Education Statistics: 1969-70 to 1996-97

[Pages:264]NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS

Compendium

November 1998

State Comparisons of Education Statistics: 1969-70 to 1996-97

U. S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement

NCES 98-018

U.S. Department of Education Richard W. Riley Secretary

Office of Educational Research and Improvement C. Kent McGuire Assistant Secretary

National Center for Education Statistics Pascal D. Forgione, Jr. Commissioner

The National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) is the primary federal entity for collecting, analyzing, and reporting data related to education in the United States and other nations. It fulfills a congressional mandate to collect, collate, analyze, and report full and complete statistics on the condition of education in the United States; conduct and publish reports and specialized analyses of the meaning and significance of such statistics; assist state and local education agencies in improving their statistical systems; and review and report on education activities in foreign countries.

NCES activities are designed to address high priority education data needs; provide consistent, reliable, complete, and accurate indicators of education status and trends; and report timely, useful, and high quality data to the U.S. Department of Education, the Congress, the states, other education policymakers, practitioners, data users, and the general public.

We strive to make our products available in a variety of formats and in language that is appropriate to a variety of audiences. You, as our customer, are the best judge of our success in communicating information effectively. If you have any comments or suggestions about this or any other NCES product or report, we would like to hear from you. Please direct your comments to:

National Center for Education Statistics Office of Educational Research and Improvement U.S. Department of Education 555 New Jersey Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20208?5651

November 1998

The NCES World Wide Web Home Page address is

Suggested Citation

U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. State Comparisons of Education Statistics: 1969-70 to 1996-97, NCES 98-018, by Thomas Snyder, Leff Hoffman, and Claire Geddes. Washington DC: 1998.

Contact: Thomas Snyder (202) 219-1689

FOREWORD

State Comparisons of Education Statistics: 1969?70 to 1996?97

State Comparisons contains information on elementary and secondary schools and institutions of higher education aggregated at a state level. The report contains a wide array of statistical data ranging from enrollments and enrollment ratios to teacher salaries and institutional finances. The report was designed to meet the needs of state and local education officials and analysts who need convenient access to state level statistics, without consulting numerous volumes and conflicting sources. Many revisions and updates that have occurred over the years have been incorporated in this volume. This up-todate time series report contains NCES's most frequently requested state level statistics.

State Comparisons reflects an extension of the prior three editions in NCES's historical state education publications. In addition, State Comparisons provides detailed analytical tables that highlight more recent data. The State Comparisons project also was designed to provide an update of statistical data that may be obtained through the Department's Web site and Encyclopedia of Education Statistics retrieval system.

The analytical tables in State Comparisons draw on information available in the Digest of Education Statistics, 1997 as well as newer data recently released and other material specially arranged for this volume. Examples of special material for this volume include:

? Percentage of students participating in federal special education programs

? Trends in revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source

? Size of public school districts

? Distribution of college graduates, by major field of study

? Educational and general expenditures per FTE student, by type and control of institution

These materials supplement the core historical statistics, which provide annual time-series data from 1969?70 to 1994?95, and in some cases 1995?96 or 1996?97. Some historical tables contain somewhat different time periods, because of the limitations of data availability.

iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Many people have contributed in one way or another to the development of State Comparisons of Education Statistics: 1969?70 to 1996?97. Thomas D. Snyder was responsible for the overall development and preparation of this publication. Charlene M. Hoffman provided technical assistance in all phases of its preparation and was responsible for developing tables on degrees conferred. Claire Geddes prepared statistical materials, reviewed the textual materials, and prepared the Guide to Sources. State Comparisons of Education Statistics was prepared under the general direction of Martin E. Orland. In the Office of Information Services, Phil Carr designed the cover. Jerry Fairbanks of the U.S. Government Printing Office managed the typesetting.

Producers and users of federal statistics are always indebted to those individuals and institutions who provide the original survey information. In particular, we would like to extend our thanks to the Common Core of Data (CCD) and Integrated Post-

secondary Education Data System (IPEDS) state coordinators whose efforts have made this publication possible.

State Comparisons of Education Statistics has been reviewed by individuals within and outside the Department of Education. We wish to thank them for their time and expert advice. In the Office of Educational Research and Improvement (OERI), Marilyn McMillen, Mary Frase, W. Vance Grant, Frank Morgan, and Frank Johnson reviewed the manuscript. Ellen Bradburn (Education Statistics Services Institute), Rolf Blank (Council of Chief State School Officers), Lisa Ross (National Council of Higher Education Loan Programs), and Jewell Gould (American Federation of Teachers) also reviewed the document. Within the Department of Education, reviews were conducted by the Office of Non-Public Education; Office of Bilingual Education, Minority Language Affairs; Office of the Deputy Secretary, Budget Service; and Office of Vocational and Adult Education.

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Contents

Foreword ................................................................................................................................... Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... Chapter 1. Context of Education .............................................................................................. Chapter 2. Elementary and Secondary Education ................................................................... Chapter 3. Postsecondary Education ....................................................................................... Guide to Sources ...................................................................................................................... Definitions .................................................................................................................................

Figures

1. Percentage of persons 25 years old and over with a high school diploma or more, by state: 1996 .............................................................................................................

2. Limited English speaking residents as a percentage of total population, 5 years old and over, by state: April 1990 ....................................................................................

3. 5- to 17-year-olds as a percentage of total population, by state: 1996 ........................

4. Percentage change in public elementary and secondary enrollment, by state: Fall 1990 to fall 1995 ..................................................................................................

5. Students participating in special programs for the disabled as a percentage of public school enrollment, by state: 1996?97 ........................................................................

6. Pupil/teacher ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: Fall 1995 .....................................................................................................................

7. Percentage of public school teachers with more than 20 years of teaching experience, by state: 1993?94 ...................................................................................

8. Public school teachers as a percentage of public school system staff, by state: Fall 1995 .....................................................................................................................

9. Average enrollment size of public schools: 1995?96 ....................................................

10. Current expenditure per student in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1995?96 ...............................................................

11. Instruction expenditure per student in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1995?96 ...............................................................

12. Higher education enrollment as a percentage of total population, by state: 1996 ........

13. Enrollment in private institutions of higher education as a percentage of total higher education enrollment, by state: 1996 .........................................................................

14. Percentage of all college students in public 2-year institutions of higher education, by state: Fall 1996 ......................................................................................................

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viii CONTENTS

15. Minority students as a percentage of resident fall enrollment in institutions of higher

education, by state: 1996 ...........................................................................................

115

16. Percentage of freshmen graduating in the previous 12 months who attended higher

education institutions in their home state, by state: Fall 1996 ...................................

116

17. Bachelor's degrees in business as a percent of all bachelor's degrees conferred,

by state: 1994?95 .......................................................................................................

119

18. Average salary of faculty on 9-month contracts at public 4-year institutions of higher

education, by state: 1996?97 .....................................................................................

121

19. Average tuition at public 4-year institutions of higher eduation (in-state): 1996?97 .....

124

20. Educational and general expenditures per full-time-equivalent student in

public 4-year institutions of higher education, by state: 1994?95 ..............................

126

21. Educational and general expenditures per full-time-equivalent student in

public 2-year institutions of higher education, by state: 1994?95 ..............................

127

1. Context of Education

Tables

1. Educational attainment of persons 18 years old and over, by state: 1990 to 1996 .....

5

2. Household income and poverty rates, by state: 1990, 1994, and 1995 .......................

6

3. School enrollment rates by age, dropout rates, and housing characteristics, by state:

April 1990 ...................................................................................................................

8

4. English language proficiency and poverty rates for school-age children,

by state: April 1990 ....................................................................................................

9

2. Elementary and Secondary Education

A. Demographic/enrollment

5. Estimated total and school-age resident population, by state: 1970 to 1996 ...............

27

6. Estimated school-age population and public school enrollment, by state:

1980 to 1996 ..............................................................................................................

28

7. Distribution of enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools,

by level and state: Fall 1970 to fall 1995 ...................................................................

29

8. Number of private schools, students, teachers, and high school graduates,

and disabled children served under federal programs, by state:

1988?89 to 1996?97 ..................................................................................................

30

9. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by race or ethnicity and

state: Fall 1986 and fall 1995 .....................................................................................

34

10. Enrollment in public elementary and secondary schools, by state:

Fall 1970 to fall 1995 ..................................................................................................

35

11. Elementary enrollment in public schools, by state: Fall 1970 to fall 1995 ....................

38

12. Secondary enrollment in public schools, by state: Fall 1970 to fall 1995 .....................

41

13. Average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools,

by state: 1969?70 to 1995?96 ...................................................................................

44

CONTENTS ix

14. Number of children with disabilities served under IDEA-B and Chapter 1 of ESEA

(state operated programs), by state: 1976?77 to 1996?97 .......................................

47

B. Achievement and graduates

15. Mathematics achievement of 8th graders and 4th graders in public schools,

by region and state: 1990, 1992, and 1996 ...............................................................

49

16. Average proficiency in reading for 4th graders in public schools, by selected

characteristics, region, and state: 1994 .....................................................................

51

17. Graduation requirements in mathematics, NCTM standards, length of school year,

student homework, attitudes towards mathematics, television watching habits, and

household composition of 8th grade students in public schools, by region and

state: 1992 ..................................................................................................................

53

18. High school graduates and 12th grade enrollment in public secondary schools,

by state: 1985?86, 1990?91, and 1995?96 ...............................................................

54

19. Public high school graduates, by state: 1970?71 to 1996?97 ......................................

55

C. Teachers and staff

20. Staff employed in public school systems, by type of assignment and state:

Fall 1995 .....................................................................................................................

58

21. Students per staff employed in public school systems, by type of assignment and

state: Fall 1995 ...........................................................................................................

59

22. Highest degree earned, number of years teaching experience, and

average class size for teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by

state: 1993?94 ............................................................................................................

60

23. Teachers in public elementary and secondary schools, by state:

Fall 1970 to fall 1995 ..................................................................................................

61

24. Pupil/teacher ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, by state:

Fall 1970 to fall 1995 ..................................................................................................

64

25. Staff employed in public elementary and secondary schools, by state:

Fall 1970 to fall 1995 ..................................................................................................

67

26. Pupil/staff ratios in public elementary and secondary schools, by state:

Fall 1970 to fall 1995 ..................................................................................................

70

27. Estimated average annual teacher salaries (in current dollars) in public elementary

and secondary schools, by state: 1970?71 to 1996?97 ............................................

73

28. Estimated average annual teacher salaries (in constant 1996?97 dollars) in public

elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1970?71 to 1996?97 .........................

76

D. Institutions and finances

29. Number and percentage distribution of enrollment of regular public elementary and

secondary school districts, by enrollment size and state: 1995?96 ..........................

79

30. Number and size of public elementary and secondary schools, by type and state:

1990?91 and 1995?96 ...............................................................................................

80

31. Revenues for public elementary and secondary schools, by source and state:

1995?96 ......................................................................................................................

81

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CONTENTS

32. Revenues (in current dollars) for public elementary and secondary schools,

by source and state: 1969?70 to 1995?96 ................................................................

82

33. Percentage distribution of revenues for public elementary and secondary schools,

by source and state: 1969?70 to 1995?96 ................................................................

85

34. Percentage distribution of current expenditures for public elementary and secondary

education, by function and state: 1995?96 ................................................................

87

35. Current expenditures per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and

secondary education, by function and state: 1995?96 ..............................................

88

36. Current expenditures per pupil in fall enrollment in public elementary and secondary

education, by function and state: 1995?96 ................................................................

89

37. Current expenditures (in current dollars) for public elementary and

secondary schools, by state: 1969?70 to 1995?96 ...................................................

90

38. Current expenditures (in constant 1995?96 dollars) for public

elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1969?70 to 1995?96 .........................

93

39. Current expenditures (in current dollars) per pupil in average daily

attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state:

1969?70 to 1995?96 ..................................................................................................

96

40. Current expenditures (in constant 1995?96 dollars) per pupil in average

daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools, by state:

1969?70 to 1995?96 ..................................................................................................

99

41. Current expenditures (in current dollars) per pupil in fall enrollment in public

elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1969?70 to 1995?96 .........................

102

42. Current expenditures (in constant 1995?96 dollars) per pupil in fall enrollment in

public elementary and secondary schools, by state: 1969?70 to 1995?96 ...............

105

3. Postsecondary Education

A. Demographic/enrollment

43. Estimated total population and total fall enrollment in higher education,

by state: 1980 to 1996 ...............................................................................................

128

44. Fall full-time enrollment as a percentage of total enrollment of institutions of higher

education, by type and control of institution and by state: 1996 ...............................

130

45. Fall female enrollment as a percentage of total enrollment of institutions of higher

education, by type and control of institution and by state: 1996 ...............................

131

46. Percentage distribution of total fall enrollment and number of institutions of higher

education, by enrollment size of institution and state: 1996 ......................................

132

47. Total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control,

level of enrollment, and state: 1996 ...........................................................................

133

48. Percentage distribution of total fall enrollment in institutions of higher

education, by type and control of institution, and by state: 1980 to 1996 .................

134

49. Percentage of total fall enrollment in institutions of higher education,

by race/ethnicity of student and by state: 1980, 1990, 1995, and 1996 ...................

135

50. Nonresident alien students as a percentage of total fall enrollment in institutions of

higher education, by level of student and by state: 1980, 1990, 1995, and 1996 ....

137

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