Public Disclosure Authorized SCHOOL EDUCATION TRANSFORMING ...

[Pages:176]Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

66036

TRANSFORMING SCHOOL EDUCATION

IN SRI LANKA

From Cut Stones to Polished Jewels

THE WORLD BANK

Public Disclosure Authorized

TRANSFORMING SCHOOL EDUCATION IN

SRI LANKA

From Cut Stones to Polished Jewels

Human Development Unit South Asia Region

2011 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: E-Mail: feedback@worldbank.lk

Published by The World Bank Colombo Office 73/5, Galle Road, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka Internet: lk

This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ TheWorld Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.

Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction/The World Bank encourage dissemination of this work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Telephone 978-750-8400, Fax 978-750-4470, All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington DC 20433, USA, Fax: 202-522-2422, E-mail: pubrights@

Cover photographs by Deshan Tennekoon/WB Education Sector Development Project Trinco Sri Lanka

ISBN : 978-955-8908-41-9

Produced by Ari Investments Limited, 19, St. Joseph Road, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. E-mail: ariyaw@sltnet.lk

ii

TRANSFORMING SCHOOL EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA: FROM CUT STONES TO POLISHED JEWELS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abbreviations and Acronyms

ix

Acknowledgements

xi

Executive Summary

E1

Chapter One:

1

Introduction

1

General Education in Sri Lanka in International Perspective

2

2

National Assessments of Learning Outcomes

15

16

Chapter Two:

19

Introduction

19

19

Public Investment in Education

28

Private Investment in Education

34

Education and the Global Labor Market

36

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

37

Governance and Delivery of Education Services

41

Introduction

41

41

Teacher Management and Development in a Decentralized System

45

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

47

48

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

54

Chapter Four:

through the School System

57

Introduction

57

57

Education and Social Cohesion in Sri Lanka

58

Initiatives to Promote Social Cohesion

59

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

64

TRANSFORMING SCHOOL EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA: FROM CUT STONES TO POLISHED JEWELS

iii

Chapter Five: Language as Human Capital: Enhancing English Language Learning 67

Introduction

67

Performance in the English Language

69

The Policy Framework: Challenges and Options for the Future

71

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

75

The Bilingual Education Program: An Innovation

78

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

80

Chapter Six: Dimensions of Quality: Mathematics Education

83

Introduction

83

Performance in Mathematics

83

The National Education Policy and Curriculum Reforms

88

Mathematics Standards

89

Mathematics Teaching Strategy

90

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

95

Chapter Seven: Dimensions of Quality: Science Education

97

Introduction

97

Learning Achievements in Science

97

The Policy Framework for Science Education, Science

Curriculum and Teaching Strategies in Schools

101

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

107

Chapter Eight: Inter-Sectoral Dimensions of Education Outcomes:

School Health and Nutrition

111

Introduction

111

School Health and Nutrition in Sri Lanka

112

Institutional School Health Responses in Sri Lanka

118

Avenues and Pathways for the Future

121

References

125

iv

TRANSFORMING SCHOOL EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA: FROM CUT STONES TO POLISHED JEWELS

FIGURES Figure 1.1.

Figure 1.2. Figure 1.3. Figure 1.4. Figure 1.5. Figure 2.1. Figure 2.2. Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.4.

Figure 2.5. Figure 2.6.

Figure 2.7.

Figure 2.8.

Figure 2.9.

Figure 2.10. Figure 2.11. Figure 2.12.

Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.2. Figure 3.3. Figure 5.1. Figure 5.2. Figure 5.3. Figure 6.1. Figure 6.2. Figure 6.3. Figure 6.4. Figure 7.1. Figure 7.2. Figure 7.3. Figure 7.4.

Adult Literacy in Relation to GDP Per Capita of Middle Income and

Low Income Countries

3

The Survival Rate from Grade 1-9 by Gender

6

Net Enrollment Rates in Senior Secondary Education, 1990-2007

7

General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level Pass Rates 2005-2009

13

General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Pass Rates 2005-2009

13

Impact of Education on Earnings, Male and Female Workers, 2008

21

Private Rates of Return to Education, Male and Female Workers, 2008

22

Average Years of Completed Schooling for Persons Aged Over 20 Years,

by Sex and Year of Birth

23

Lorenz Curves of the Benefits of Public Education Expenditure by

Consumption Quintiles 2007

24

Poverty Incidence by Education Level of Household Head

25

Economic Welfare by Education Level of the Principal Income

Earner of a Household

26

Public Investment in Education as a Percentage of National Income,

2010 or Nearest Year

30

Public Investment in Education as a Proportion of the Government

Budget, 2010 or Nearest Year

30

Association between Public Investment in Education per

Student and Learning Outcomes 2007

31

Composition of Household Education Expenditure, 2006/7

34

Private Education Expenditure per Student 2006/7 (Rupees)

35

The Changing Composition of Skills Needed in

Economies in the 21'st Century

36

Organizational System of the Central Ministry of Education and

Agencies

43

The Organizational Framework of the Provincial Education System

44

The Program for School Improvement: Network of Relationships

50

Trends in Achievement of Skills in English Language at Grade 4, 2003-2009 69

The GCE O/L Performance, 2005-2009

70

The GCE A/L General English Performance, 2005-2009

70

National Achievement at Grade 8, Sub-Skills in Mathematics

84

The GCE O/L Mathematics Examination Pass Rates, between 2005 and 2009 85

GCE O/L Mathematics Examination Pass Rates by Province, 2009

87

Performance of the GCE O/L Mathematics Teachers

94

National Achievement at Grade 8, Sub-Skills in Science

98

The GCE O/L Examination Pass Rates in Science between 2005 and 2009 99

The GCE O/L Science Examination Pass Rates by Province, 2009

100

Pass Rates of the Main Subjects of the GCE A/L Science Stream in 2009 101

TRANSFORMING SCHOOL EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA: FROM CUT STONES TO POLISHED JEWELS

v

Figure 8.1. (a) Decreasing Communicable Diseases and

(b) Decreasing Communicable Diseases and Increasing Obesity

113

Figure 8.2. Nutrition Problems among School Children in Sri Lanka

115

Figure 8.3. Common Health Problems among School Children in Sri Lanka

115

Figure 8.4. Summary of Sanitation in Schools by Province

117

Figure 8.5. Summary of Water in Schools by Province

118

TABLES Table 1.1. Table 1.2. Table 1.3. Table 1.4.

Table 1.5.

Table 1.6. Table 2.1.

Table 2.2. Table 2.3.

Table 2.4.

Table 2.5.

Table 2.6.

Table 3.1.

Table 4.1.

Table 5.1.

Table 6.1.

Table 6.2. Table 6.3. Table 6.4.

Government Schools, Student Enrollment and Teachers, by Province, 2009 4

Enrollment and Survival Rates in Primary Education by Gender

5

Net Enrollment Rates Across Economic Quintiles

8

Performance of Primary School Students in the National Assessments of

Learning Outcomes at Grade 4, 2003 -2009

10

Performance of Junior Secondary School Students in the National

Assessments of Learning Outcomes at Grade 8, 2005 -2008

11

Differences between National Assessments and Public Examinations

17

Education and Earnings by Gender, 2008, Least Squares Estimates of

Augmented Mincerian Earnings Functions

20

Gini Coefficients of Public Education Expenditure by Level of Education 25

The Time Trend of the Incremental Impact of Education on Economic

Welfare, 1990-2007

27

Education Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP and Total Government

Expenditure, Sri Lanka and Selected Other Countries, 2010 or Nearest Year 29

Average per Pupil and per School Expenditure, National and

Provincial Schools, 2007

33

Provincial and Central Government Shares of General Education

Expenditure, 2007-2009

33

Grade 4 Test Scores and Household Educational Expenditures

(School-level Fixed Effects Estimation with Clustered Standard Errors)

52

Number of Schools, Teachers and Students by District for Second

National Language, 2009

63

Performance of Bilingual Education Student at the GCE O/L

Examination 2009

79

Mean Scores and Standard Errors of Mean scores in Mathematics by

Gender and by Location, 2005 and 2008

83

Performance in Mathematics at the GCE O/L Examination

86

Comparison of the NCTM Standards and Sri Lankan Standards

89

Comparison between Primary Mathematics Content Standards of

Sri Lanka and Singapore

90

vi

TRANSFORMING SCHOOL EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA: FROM CUT STONES TO POLISHED JEWELS

 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download