Lecture 15:Lecture 15: Chromosome Organization & DNA Packaging

BME 42-620 Engineering Molecular Cell Biology

Lecture 15: Chromosome Organization & DNA Packaging

Chapter 4

BME42-620 Lecture 15, October 27, 2011

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Review: Reading Assignments 1 & 2

? Reading assignment 1

- Protein folding: Mean = 17.3 STD = 2.1 MAX = 20 MIN = 12 - Fluorescence microscopy: Mean = 17.2 STD = 2.1 MAX = 20 MIN = 12

? Reading assignment 2

- Cell motility: Mean = 17.5 STD = 1.3 MAX = 20 MIN = 15 - Molecular motors: Mean = 16.9 STD = 1.2 MAX = 20 MIN = 15

? Comments

- Design a clear/logical structure for your presentation. Avoid simple clustering of technical details.

- Make efforts to ensure accuracy and rigor in your presentation.

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Outline

? Structural and functional organization of chromosomes ? DNA packaging and structural organization ? Overview of kinetochore structure and functions

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Outline

? Structural and functional organization of chromosomes ? DNA packaging and structural organization ? Overview of kinetochore structure and functions

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The Problem

? Spacing between base pairs 3.4? ? For human genome, approximately 3.2 billion

base pairs ? Total length 3.4?10-10?3.2?109?2 2.2m ? Diameter of a nucleus: 5~10?10-6m ? Access to genetic information must be

regulated.

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Chromosome Organization in the Cell Cycle

? DNA are packaged with associated proteins into chromosomes.

? Chromosomes undergo dramatic reorganization when cells divide.

Alberts MBoC 5e

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Chromosome Related Nomenclature (I)

? Chromatin: the complex of DNA, histones, and nonhistone proteins within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell (DNA persistence length ~50nm). The material of which chromosomes are made.

? Chromatid: one of the two copies of a replicated chromosome that is joined at the centromere to the other copy. The two identical chromatids are called sister chromatids.

? Centromere: the chromosomal region that holds sister chromatids together and where the kinetochore forms.

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Chromosome Related Nomenclature (II)

? Kinetochore: the centromeric substructure that binds microtubules and directs chromosome movement in mitosis.

? Gene: a segment of DNA encoding a functional RNA or protein product.

Cheeseman & Desai, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 9:33, 2008

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