The Disney Influence on Kindergarten Girls’ Body Image

THE DISNEY INFLUENCE ON KINDERGARTEN GIRLS' BODY IMAGE Tanawan Asawarachan, B.Ed., M.Ed.

Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2013

APPROVED: George S. Morrison, Major Professor Harry Benshoff, Committee Member Carol Hagen, Committee Member Anne Rinn, Committee Member Nancy Nelson, Chair of the Department of

Teacher Education and Administration Jerry R. Thomas, Dean of the College of

Education Mark Wardell, Dean of the Toulouse Graduate

School

Asawarachan, Tanawan. The Disney Influence on Kindergarten Girls' Body Image. Doctor of Education (Early Childhood Education), May 2013, 105 pp., 14 tables, reference list, 167 titles.

Media is now a part of the early childhood world. In many countries, including industrialized and developing countries, children spend more time consuming various kinds of media. The impact of media on children's perception of their body images has been and continues to be a concern of parents and early childhood professionals.

This research examined the influence of Disney movies on Thai kindergarten girls' body images and self-esteem. Thai kindergarten girls completed three measures of body self-image: the Body Figure Preference Scale, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Self-Esteem Scale. The girl participants were randomly assigned to two groups: focused on a female theme (FFT) and focused on a non-human theme (FNT). The experimental group viewed "female" Disney movie themes, while the control group viewed "animal" Disney movie themes.

Girls in the experimental group expressed greater body image dissatisfaction scores after watching Disney movies, which was an expected finding. Results from the present study suggest that girls in both groups become concerned about their body esteem after video exposure. However, there was no significant difference in self-esteem between girls in FFT and FNT. In summary, the findings of this study support the belief that Disney movies influence young girls' perceptions of their body image, and they have an awareness of their body size. It can be concluded that Disney movies have an influence on Thai girls' body image dissatisfaction and body esteem. The results also indicated that Thai girls are not totally aware of the influence of Disney media on their self-esteem.

Understanding how Disney movies, in particular, and other media, in general, influence young children, especially girls, can encourage parents and educators to identify risk factors associated with children's body image dissatisfaction and low self-esteem.

Copyright 2013 by

Tanawan Asawarachan

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend acknowledge all the people whose help and support me to finish this dissertation. First, I would like to thank my major professor, Dr. George Morrison who provides and encourages me to freely explore my doctoral program to the last moment of my dissertation. Thank you for feeling confident about my ability. Next, I also would like to thank all of my committee members: Dr. Carol Hagen, Dr. Anne Rinn, and Dr. Harry Benshoff. All of them gave me their warm words, sincere friendships, and knowledgeable feedback during the dissertation process. I really appreciate their advice and support throughout this process. Most importantly, this dissertation would not have been possible without my family and friends. I wish to thank my dad, mom, and grand mom. I admire your loyalty, kindness, generosity, and warmth. All of you have been my greatest supporter and confident. Thank you so much for everything you have given me. I love you all with my heart. This dissertation is not mine but also theirs because I could not have done it without them.

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