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Philosophy of Education

Nel Noddings

STANFORD UNIVERSITY

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Westview Press A Member of Perseus Books, L.L.C. Dimensions of Philosophy Series All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or

mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright ? 1998 by Westview Press, A Member of Perseus Books, L.L.C. Published in 1995 in the United States of America by Westview Press, Inc., 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 803012877, and in the United Kingdom by Westview Press, 12 Hid's Copse Road, Cumnor Hill, Oxford OX2 9JJ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Noddings, Nel Philosophy of education / Nel Noddings p. cm. -- (Dimensions of philosophy series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8133-8429-X. -- ISBN 08133-8430-3 (pbk) 1. Education--Philosophy. I. Title. II. Series. LB15. 7. N63 1995 370 . 1--dc20 95-8820 CIP Printed and bound in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39. 48-1984. 10 9 8 7 6

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Acknowledgments

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Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 7

1 Philosophy of Education Before the Twentieth Century ......................................................................... 9

Socrates and Plato

10

Aristotle

14

Rousseau

16

Pestalozzi, Herbart, and Froebel

19

Summary Questions

21

Introduction to the Literature ....................................................................................................................... 21

2 The Philosophical and Educational Thought of John Dewey................................................................. 22

Dewey's Philosophical Orientation

22

The Meaning and Aims of Education

23

Dewey's Psychology

25

Dewey's Theory of Knowledge

27

Democracy and Education

29

The Place of Subject Matter

31

Dewey Today: An Assessment

32

Summary Questions

32

Introduction to the Literature ....................................................................................................................... 33

3 Analytic Philosophy ................................................................................................................................... 34

Philosophical Analysis in Education

35

The Analysis of Teaching

36

Current Analyses of Teaching

41

Summary Questions

43

Introduction to the Literature ....................................................................................................................... 43

4 Continental Philosophy ............................................................................................................................. 44

Existentialism

44

Phenomenology

49

Critical Theory

50

Hermeneutics

52

Postmodernism

53

Summary Questions

56

Introduction to the Literature ....................................................................................................................... 56

5 Logic and Critical Thinking...................................................................................................................... 57

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Formal Logic

57

Informal Logic

61

McPeck's View of Critical Thinking

64

An Alternative Approach

65

Summary Questions

69

Introduction to the Literature ....................................................................................................................... 69

6 Epistemology and Education .................................................................................................................... 70

Justified True Belief

70

Foundationalism

71

Truth

73

Nonfoundational Theories of Knowledge

74

Epistemology and Education

78

Constructivism

81

Summary Questions

84

Introduction to the Literature ....................................................................................................................... 84

7 Philosophy of Social Science and Educational Research ........................................................................ 85

How Does Science Grow?

85

A Debate in Educational Research

88

Some Examples

92

Summary Questions

93

Introduction to the Literature ....................................................................................................................... 94

8 Ethics and Moral Education ........................................................................................................................... 95

Pre-Enlightenment Ethics

95

Enlightenment Ethics

98

Utilitarianism

100

Deweyan Ethics

101

Moral Education

103

Cognitive Developmentalism

105

Summary Questions

109

Introduction to the Literature ..................................................................................................................... 110

9 Social and Political Philosophy ............................................................................................................... 111

The Current Debate

111

Justice and Equality in Education

114

Inequalities in Physical Resources

115

Inequalities in Basic Relationships

118

Curricular Inequalities

120

Summary Questions

122

Introduction to the Literature ..................................................................................................................... 123

10 Feminism, Philosophy, and Education............................................................................................... 124

Feminist Critiques of Philosophy

124

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Epistemology

126

Philosophy of Social Science

127

Ethics

128

Care and Education

131

Summary Questions

135

Introduction to the Literature ..................................................................................................................... 136

Epilogue ............................................................................................................................................................. 137

Notes

138

Bibliography

152

About the Book and Author

155

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