Lesson 2.2 Material Properties



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|Lesson 2.2 Material Properties |

Concepts

1. Materials are the substances in which all things are made.

2. Materials are composed of elements and area categorized by physical and chemical properties.

3. Materials consist on pure elements, compounds and mixtures and are typically classified as metallic, ceramic, organic, polymeric, and composite.

4. Material properties including recyclability and cost are important considerations for engineers when choosing appropriate materials for a design.

5. Material selection is based upon mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, and chemical properties.

6. Raw materials undergo various manufacturing processes in the production of consumer goods.

Essential Questions

1. How does an engineer predict the performance and safety for a selected material?

2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing synthetic materials designed by engineers?

7. What ethical issues pertain to engineers designing synthetic materials?

8. What did you learn about the significance of selecting materials for product design?

9. How can an existing product be changed to incorporate different processes to make it less expensive and provide better performance?

10. How does an engineer decide which manufacturing process to use for a given material?

11. How do the recycling codes and symbols differ from state to state?

Key Terms

|Additive Process |The process of creating an object by adding small pieces or layers together to make a final |

| |product. |

|Ceramic |Of or relating to the manufacture of any product (as earthenware, porcelain, or brick) made |

| |essentially from a nonmetallic mineral (as clay) by firing at a high temperature. |

|Codes |A systemized body of laws; a set of principles, as of ethics. |

|Composite |Solid material which is composed of two or more substances having different physical |

| |characteristics and in which each substance retains its identity while contributing desirable |

| |properties to the whole; especially, a structural material made of plastic within which a |

| |fibrous material (as silicon carbide) is embedded. |

|Decision Matrix |A tool for systematically ranking alternatives according to a set of criteria. |

|Finishing |Machining a surface to size with a fine feed produced in a lathe, milling machine, or grinder.|

|Forming |A process that changes the size and shape of a material by a combination of force and a shaped|

| |form. |

|Liability |Anything for which a person is legally bound or responsible. |

|Manufacturing |To make into a product suitable for use; to make from raw materials by hand or by machinery; |

| |to produce according to an organized plan and with division of labor. |

|Material |The elements, constituents, or substances of which something is composed or can be made; |

| |matter that has qualities which give it individuality and by which it may be categorized. |

|Mechanical Properties |Those properties of a material that reveal the elastic and inelastic reaction when force is |

| |applied, or that involve the relationship between stress and strain; for example, the modulus |

| |of elasticity, tensile strength, and fatigue limit. |

|Metals |Any of various opaque, fusible, ductile, and typically lustrous substances that are good |

| |conductors of electricity and heat. |

|Physical Properties |Properties other than mechanical properties that pertain to the physics of a material and can |

| |usually be measured without the application of force. |

|Polymers |Any of numerous natural and synthetic compounds of usually high molecular weight consisting of|

| |up to millions of repeated linked units, each a relatively light and simple molecule. |

|Product Life Cycle |Stages a product goes through from concept and use to eventual withdrawal from the |

| |marketplace. |

|Raw Material |Crude or processed material that can be converted by manufacture, processing, or combination |

| |into a new and useful product; something with a potential for improvement, development, or |

| |elaboration. |

|Recycling |Returning to an original condition. The extraction and recovery of valuable materials from |

| |scrap or other discarded materials. |

|Subtractive |Processes that remove material to change the size, shape, or surface of a part. There are two |

| |groups of separating processes: machining and shearing. |

|Synthetic |Produced by the combining of parts or elements to form a whole, rather than of natural origin;|

| |not real, artificial. |

Instructional Resources

Presentations

Introduction to Materials

Introduction to Manufacturing Processes

Recycling Materials

SME Videos (These are a separate download from the Virtual Academy)

Word Documents

Activity 2.2.1 Product Analysis

Activity 2.2.2 Manufacturing Processes

Activity 2.2.3 Recycling

Activity 2.2.3a Recycling Facts

Lesson 2.2 Key Terms Crossword

Reference Sources

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National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and International Reading Association (IRA) (1996). Standards for the English language arts. Newark, DE: IRA; Urbana, IL: NCTE.

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Wright, T. (2006). Manufacturing and automation technology. Goodheart-Wilcox Publications.

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