A Guide to New Product Development Product Life Cycle ...

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Product Life Cycle Management A Guide to New Product Development

I.Komninos, D. Milossis, N. Komninos

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This guide has been produced in the framework of INTERREG IIIC operation NPD-NET (). NPD-NET is a network of six European institutions aiming to enhance the capability of European companies in the New Product Development (NPD). The project is based on the development and implementation of a web-based guide to provide support material for the whole NPD process from the idea generation through the product commercialization. NPD-NET is funded by INTERREG IIIC. The material of the New Product Development Guide has been collected from various sources, referred in the guide content. URENIO was only responsible for the organization and editing of the material included. The original owners of the material are clearly referred in all chapters of this New Product Development Guide. This guide is also presented and organized in web form in the web site of the project NPD-NET (). Scientific coordination of NPD-NET and the NPD Guide has been provided by Prof Nicos Komninos. The development and organization of the material of the Guide has been done by Ioannis Komninos. The editing of the Guide has been done by Dimitris Milossis.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS..................................................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................................................................8

NPD STAGE 1: IDEA GENERATION ......................................................................................................................10

1.1 TOOLS & SOLUTIONS ..............................................................................................................................................10 1.1.1 Brainstorming..............................................................................................................................................11 1.1.1.1 Brainstorming Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 12 1.1.1.1A. Affinity diagrams .......................................................................................................................................... 12 1.1.1.1B. Osborne's Checklist...................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1.1.1C. Multivoting .................................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1.1.2 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 14 1.1.1.3 Brainstorming Tool from Urenio ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.1.4 Consultants - Experts ........................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.1.5 Software Tools ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.1.1.6 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 16 1.1.2 Competitive Intelligence............................................................................................................................16 1.1.2.1 Improving CI Capabilities .................................................................................................................................... 17 1.1.2.2. Case Studies - Examples .................................................................................................................................... 18 1.1.2.3 Consultants - Experts ........................................................................................................................................... 19 1.1.2.4 Online Resources .................................................................................................................................................. 20 1.1.2.4A. On-line CI Sources....................................................................................................................................... 20 1.1.2.4B Tools from Urenio Research Unit ................................................................................................................ 20 1.1.2.5 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 20 1.1.3 Conjoint Analysis ........................................................................................................................................21 1.1.3.1 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 22 1.1.3.2 Consultants - Experts ........................................................................................................................................... 24 1.1.3.3 Software Tools ...................................................................................................................................................... 24 1.1.3.4 References............................................................................................................................................................. 25 1.1.4. Delphi Technique ......................................................................................................................................25 1.1.4.1 Consultants - Experts ........................................................................................................................................... 26 1.1.4.2 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 26 1.1.5 Morphological Charts .................................................................................................................................27 1.1.5.1 Case Studies ? Examples..................................................................................................................................... 27 1.1.5.2 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 29 1.1.6. Six Thinking Hats ......................................................................................................................................29 1.1.6.1. Case Studies - Examples .................................................................................................................................... 30 1.1.6.2. References............................................................................................................................................................ 31 1.1.7 TRIZ - Idea generation using a problem-solving tool ...........................................................................31 1.1.7.1 TRIZ Process Methodology.................................................................................................................................. 33 1.1.7.2 Consultants - Experts ........................................................................................................................................... 34 1.1.7.3 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 34

1.2 LEVEL ASSESSMENT FOR STAGE 1: IDEA GENERATION..............................................................................................34

NPD STAGE 2: IDEA SCREENING .........................................................................................................................35

2.1 TOOLS & SOLUTIONS ..............................................................................................................................................35 2.1.1. Qualitative Research .................................................................................................................................36 2.1.1.1 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 37 2.1.1.2 Consultants - Experts ........................................................................................................................................... 37 2.1.1.3 Software Tools ...................................................................................................................................................... 38 2.1.1.4 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 38 2.1.2 FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis)............................................................................................38 2.1.2.1 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 39 2.1.3 Dot Sticking .................................................................................................................................................39

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2.1.3.1 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 40

2.1.4 SWOT Analysis ............................................................................................................................................41

2.1.4.1 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 42 2.1.4.2 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 43

2.1.5 PMI Analysis ................................................................................................................................................44

2.1.5.1 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 44 2.2. LEVEL ASSESSMENT FOR STAGE 2: IDEA SCREENING ...............................................................................................45

NPD STAGE 3: CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT & TESTING ...................................................................................46

3.1 CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT .........................................................................................................................................46 3.1.1 Controlled Convergence ............................................................................................................................46 3.1.1.1 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 47 3.1.2 Risk Management .......................................................................................................................................48 3.1.2.1 Risk Management Process ................................................................................................................................... 48 3.1.2.2 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 49 3.1.2.3 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 50 3.1.3 Force Field Analysis....................................................................................................................................50 3.1.3.1 References............................................................................................................................................................. 51 3.1.4 Relevancy Concepting................................................................................................................................52 3.1.5 New Tech Commercialization....................................................................................................................53 3.1.6 Quicktime Workshop ..................................................................................................................................53

3.2 CONCEPT TESTING ..................................................................................................................................................55 3.2.1 Quantitative Research................................................................................................................................55 3.2.1.1 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 56 3.2.2 Quality Functional Deployment ................................................................................................................57 3.2.2.1 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 58 3.2.2.2 QFD Tool from Urenio .......................................................................................................................................... 59 3.2.2.3 Consultants - Experts ........................................................................................................................................... 59 3.2.2.4 Software Tools ...................................................................................................................................................... 59 3.2.2.5 References............................................................................................................................................................. 60 3.2.3 Decision Tree Analysis ...............................................................................................................................60 3.2.4 KANO Model ................................................................................................................................................64 3.2.4.1 KANO Model Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 66 3.2.4.2 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 67 3.2.4.3 References............................................................................................................................................................. 68 3.2.5 Weighting and Rating ................................................................................................................................68 3.2.5.1 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 69 3.2.6 Communications Check .............................................................................................................................70 3.2.7 Concept Screen Software ..........................................................................................................................71

3.3 LEVEL ASSESSMENT FOR STAGE 3: CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT.....................................................................................71

NPD STAGE 4: BUSINESS ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................72

4.1 TOOLS & SOLUTIONS ..............................................................................................................................................72 4.1.1 Cost Benefit Analysis..................................................................................................................................72 4.1.1.1 Cost Benefit Analysis Tool: "Financing Innovation" ......................................................................................... 73 4.1.2 Product Life Cycle.......................................................................................................................................73 4.1.2.1 PLC Quick Reference ............................................................................................................................................ 74 4.1.2.2 References............................................................................................................................................................. 75 4.1.3 Gantt Charts ................................................................................................................................................76 4.1.3.1 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 77 4.1.3.2 References............................................................................................................................................................. 79 4.1.4 Critical Path Analysis & PERT....................................................................................................................79 4.1.5 Stakeholder Analysis ..................................................................................................................................80 4.1.5.1 Stakeholder Analysis Management .................................................................................................................... 82 4.1.5.2 Stakeholder Analysis Planning ............................................................................................................................ 82 4.1.5.3 References............................................................................................................................................................. 83

4.2 LEVEL ASSESSMENT FOR STAGE 4: BUSINESS ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................84

NPD STAGE 5: BETA & MARKET TESTING .........................................................................................................85

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5.1 TOOLS & SOLUTIONS ..............................................................................................................................................85 5.1.1 Rapid Prototyping .......................................................................................................................................86 5.1.1.1 Prototyping Testing .............................................................................................................................................. 87 5.1.1.2 Prototyping Techniques ....................................................................................................................................... 89 5.1.1.2A Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)............................................................................................................. 89 5.1.1.2B Inkjets............................................................................................................................................................. 90 5.1.1.2C Laminated Object Manufacturing................................................................................................................ 91 5.1.1.2D Laser Engineered Net Shaping.................................................................................................................... 92 5.1.1.2E Selective Laser Sintering .............................................................................................................................. 93 5.1.1.2F Stereolithography .......................................................................................................................................... 94 5.1.1.2G Three Dimensional Printing ......................................................................................................................... 95 5.1.1.3 Case Studies - Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 95 5.1.1.4 Software Tools ...................................................................................................................................................... 97 5.1.1.5 References............................................................................................................................................................. 97 5.1.2 Product Development Testing ..................................................................................................................98 5.1.2.1 Exploratory Tests .................................................................................................................................................. 99 5.1.2.2. Assessment Tests .............................................................................................................................................. 100 5.1.2.3 Validation Tests................................................................................................................................................... 100 5.1.2.4 Comparison Tests ............................................................................................................................................... 101 5.1.2.5. ISO 9000 Tests .................................................................................................................................................. 101 5.1.3 Market Research Issues ..........................................................................................................................101 5.1.3.1 Market Targeting Strategy ................................................................................................................................ 101 5.1.3.1A Market segmentation.................................................................................................................................. 102

5.2 LEVEL ASSESSMENT...............................................................................................................................................103

NPD STAGE 6: TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION.............................................................................................104

6.1 TOOLS & SOLUTIONS ............................................................................................................................................104 6.1.1 Design for X...............................................................................................................................................104 6.1.1.1 Design for Manufacture ..................................................................................................................................... 105 6.1.1.2 Design of Assembly ............................................................................................................................................ 106 6.1.1.3 Design for Life Cycle .......................................................................................................................................... 106 6.1.1.3A Design for Testability / Inspectability....................................................................................................... 107 6.1.1.3B Design for Reliability ................................................................................................................................... 108 6.1.1.3C Design for Maintainability / Serviceability .............................................................................................. 108 6.1.1.4. Design for the Environment ............................................................................................................................. 109 6.1.1.5 References ........................................................................................................................................................... 110 6.1.2 Industrial Design ......................................................................................................................................111 6.1.2.1 Industrial Design Management ......................................................................................................................... 111 6.1.2.2 Industrial Design Activity Map .......................................................................................................................... 113 6.1.2.2A Sketch & Draw............................................................................................................................................. 114 6.1.2.2B Sketch Models.............................................................................................................................................. 114 6.1.2.2C 2D Technical Drawing ................................................................................................................................ 115 6.1.2.2D 3D Digital Model (Constrained)................................................................................................................. 116 6.1.2.2E 3D Digital Model (Unconstrained) ............................................................................................................. 118 6.1.2.2F Appearance Model....................................................................................................................................... 119 6.1.2.2G Computer Visualisation .............................................................................................................................. 120 6.1.2.2H Presentation - Illustration .......................................................................................................................... 120 6.1.2.2I Prototype....................................................................................................................................................... 121 6.1.2.3 Consultants - Experts ......................................................................................................................................... 122 6.1.2.4 References ........................................................................................................................................................... 123 6.1.3 Lean Manufacturing .................................................................................................................................123 6.1.3.1 Electrical Engineering Level............................................................................................................................... 123 6.1.3.2 Mechanical Engineering Level ........................................................................................................................... 124 6.1.3.3 System Engineering Level ................................................................................................................................. 124 6.1.3.4 Just In Time (JIT)............................................................................................................................................... 124 6.1.4 CAD/CAM ...................................................................................................................................................125 6.1.4.1 References ........................................................................................................................................................... 126 6.1.5 Re-engineering .........................................................................................................................................126 6.1.5.1 Case Studies - Examples ................................................................................................................................... 127 6.1.5.2 Software Tools .................................................................................................................................................... 127 6.1.5.3 Consultants - Experts ......................................................................................................................................... 127

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