Yield gap analysis of field crops - Food and Agriculture ...

41

Yield gap analysis of field crops

Methods and case studies

Cover photograph: ?FAO/Daniel Hayduk

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Yield gap analysis

FAO WATER REPORTS

of field crops:

41

Methods and case studies

VO Sadras South Australian Research & Development Institute, Australia KG Cassman and P Grassini University of Nebraska, USA AJ Hall IFEVA, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina WGM Bastiaanssen Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands AG Laborte International Rice Research Institute, The Philippines AE Milne Rothamsted Research, UK G Sileshi World Agroforestry Centre, Malawi P Steduto FAO, Italy

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015

The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO), or of the Water for Food Robert B. Daugherty Institute concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not, these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO, or DWFI in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO, or DWFI.

ISBN 978-92-5-108813-5 (FAO)

Recommended citation: FAO and DWFI. 2015. Yield gap analysis of field crops ? Methods and case studies, by Sadras, V.O., Cassman, K.G.G., Grassini, P., Hall, A.J., Bastiaanssen, W.G.M., Laborte, A.G., Milne, A.E., Sileshi , G., Steduto, P. FAO Water Reports No. 41, Rome, Italy.

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? FAO and DWFI, 2015

iii

Contents

List of figures

v

List of boxes

viii

List of tables

viii

Foreword

ix

Acknowledgements

x

Preface

xi

Summary

xii

1. Introduction

1

2. Definitions of crop yield

4

2.1. Evolution of yield criteria

4

2.2. Yield definitions

5

3. Scales, data sources and overview of methods

10

3.1. Actual yield data: spatial scales and accuracy

10

3.2. Temporal scales

15

3.2.1. Removing the dynamic components of environment and technology

15

3.2.2. Capturing the dynamic components of environment and technology

15

3.3. Modelled yield

18

3.3.1. Desirable attributes of models in yield gap studies

18

3.3.2. Weather data for modelling crop yield

19

3.3.3. Modelling yield within the context of a cropping system

22

4. Approaches to benchmark yield and quantify yield gaps

23

4.1. Approach 1: high-yielding fields, experimental stations and

23

growers contests

4.1.1. Sunflower in rainfed systems of Argentina

23

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