The Scientific Method
Worksheet 1: The Scientific Method
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A) Web site name: Khan Academy
Web URL:
Read “The Scientific Method”
1) What does “Iterate” mean?
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2) What is a “hypothesis”? _____________________________________________________________
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3) What is the “next hypothesis” to explain why the toaster is not working? _____________________________________________________________
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Click on:
Read “Controlled experiments”
4) How many bean seeds are planted in each pot? ____________________
5) What the independent variable in the bean seed experiment? _____________________________________________________________
6) What is the independent variable in the coral bleaching experiment? _____________________________________________________________
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B) Web site: University of Miami
Web URL:
Read the section “Solving problems in Biology”
7) Explain what is meant by “inductive reasoning”: ________________________ _________________________________________________________________
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8) In the example of hymenopterans, what do “All hymenopterans have”? ______
9) What is the “inductive leap” ? ______________________________________
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10) Explain “deductive reasoning”. ____________________________________
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11) Give your own example of deductive reasoning:
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12) Explain in your own words the meaning of a theory in science.
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C) Web page: NASA
Web URL:
Read “Sowing seeds in a magnetic field”
13) Why must there be “more to it” than the idea that plants grow towards light?
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14) Give your own example of a plant behavior that is affected by gravity:
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15) What are the two possibilities for how plants detect gravity?
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16) Explain why the shuttle experiment will use “artificial gravity” produced by magnets.
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17) Why is this experiment conducted in the dark?
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To test different explanations, or hypotheses, scientists do an experiment.
D) Web page: McGraw-Hill
Web URL:
Watch the section on the Hershey and Chase Experiment
18) What are bacterial viruses called? __________________
19) What does a “phage” consist of? ______________________________
20) In the animation, how many phages infect one bacterial cell ? _____________
21) Does the protein coat of a phage get injected inside a bacterial cell? ________
22) Which radioactive chemical was used to label amino acids? ___________
23) In the first part of the experiment, with radioactive protein, how many new
phages are formed inside the bacterial cell? _____________________
24) How were the protein coats removed from the surface of the bacteria?
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25) Is 32P used to radioactively label amino acids or DNA ? _______________
26) What did this experiment demonstrate? ___________________________
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E) Web page: State University of New York, Buffalo
Web URL:
Click on “Download case”
27) What is the hypothesis here? ____________________________________
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Click on “Go to Parts II-V”
28) Why did dyeing the plumage of the chicks not work well? ______________
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29) What three data did the scientists decide to compare?
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30) Click on “Go to Figure 2” and summarize the results: __________________
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31) Do the results support the original hypothesis? Explain your answer:
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F) Web page: University of Colorado
Web URL:
Read “Know it’s a placebo? The ‘medicine’ could still work”
32) Why is the “morphine for pain” an example of the placebo effect, rather than
the real action of morphine as a painkiller?
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33) How many sessions do the subjects need to be conditioned to believe the placebo
works? ______________
34) How did the scientists conduct the research? _____________________________
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35) Why did some subjects have a high pain tolerance?
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36) What, in fact, was the “treatment”? _____________________________________
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37) Do you think it is ethical to wean a child off a drug and switch the drug to a
placebo? Explain your answer.
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